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PubMed1995

Parasites of the Abert's squirrel (Sciurus aberti) and red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) of New Mexico.

Between 1989 and 1991, 29 Abert squirrels (Sciurus aberti) and 45 red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) were collected in New Mexico and examined for parasites. Of 29 S. aberti examined, 86.2% (25/29) were infected with at least 1 parasite species. Helminths were found in 62.1% (18/29) of S. aberti; 37.9% (11/29) were infected with fleas and 37.9% (11/29) with the coccidian Eimeria tamiasciuri. Among T. hudsonicus, 82.5% of the squirrels examined were infected with at least 1 parasite. Helminths were found in 57.8% (26/45) of T. hudsonicus; 22.2% (10/45) were infected with fleas and 26.7% (12/45) with Eimeria tamiasciuri. Citellinema quadrivittati was found in squirrels of both species; 55.2% (16/29) of S. aberti were infected, with 57.8% (26/45) of T. hudsonicus carrying the parasite. Enterobius sciuri was only found in S. aberti with 17.2% (5/29) carrying the infection. One cestode, Hymenolepis sp., was found only in T. hudsonicus with 6.7% (3/45) carrying the infection. Four species of flea were found on squirrels of both species. Ceratophyllus vison was found on 6.9% (2/29) of S. aberti and 6.7% (3/45) of T. hudsonicus examined. Opisodasys robustus was found on 6.9% (2/29) of S. aberti and 8.8% (4/45) of T. hudsonicus examined. Orchopeas caedens caedens was found on 3.4% (1/29) of S. aberti and 6.7% (3/45) of T. hudsonicus examined. Orchopeas neotomae was found on 10.3% (3/29) of S. aberti and 6.7% (3/45) of T. hudsonicus examined. Two species of flea were only found on T. hudsonicus; Orchopeas leucopus was found on 2.2% (1/45) and Oropsylla idahoensis was found on 2.2% (1/45) of the T. hudsonicus examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of parasites on enteric bacterial flora].

In this paper, the intestinal bacterial flora is described and the functions of permanent bacterial flora and its individual members is discussed. The pertinent publications about the factors which effects the bacterial flora and specially relations between intestinal parasites and bacterial flora is reviewed. Among these parasites giardia, amoebae, B. coli and Ascaris may change bacterial population by causing malabsorption syndromes. Some drugs used in treatment of parasitic infestations may have harmful effects on normal intestinal bacterial flora. In parasitic diseases the probable floral changes could be looked for and taken into the consideration for a successful treatment of the patients.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

Genomic and proteomic approaches highlight phagocytosis of living and apoptotic human cells by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

Phagocytosis plays a major role during the invasive process of the human intestine by the pathogenic amoeba E. histolytica. This parasite is the etiologic agent causing amoebic dysentery, a worldwide disease causing 50 million of clinical cases leading to about 100,000 deaths annually. The invasive process is characterized by a local acute inflammation and the destruction of the intestinal tissue at the invasion site. The recent sequencing of the E. histolytica genome has opened the way to large-scale approaches to study parasite virulence such as processes involved in human cell phagocytosis. In particular, two different studies have recently described the phagosome proteome, providing new insights into the process of phagocytosis by this pathogenic protozoan. It has been previously described that E. histolytica induces apoptosis and phagocytosis of the human target cells. Induction of apoptosis by the trophozoites is thought to be involved in the close regulation of the inflammatory response occurring during infection. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for induction of apoptosis or in the recognition of apoptotic cells by E. histolytica. In this review, we comment on the recent data we obtained after isolation of the early phagosomes and the identification of its associated proteins. We focus on the surface molecules potentially involved in human cell recognition. In particular, we propose several parasite molecules, potentially involved in the induction of apoptosis and/or the phagocytosis of human apoptotic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Involvement of CD 8+ and CD 3+ lymphocytes in the transport of Eimeria necatrix sporozoites within the intestinal mucosa of chickens.

The phenotype of cells transporting sporozoites of Eimeria necatrix during a primary infection was determined using a panel of six monoclonal antibodies to various chicken lymphocyte surface markers. Sporozoites and cells harboring them were examined at 8, 12 and 18 h postinfection using two-color immunoflorescence and confocal microscopy. The majority of parasites observed within lymphocytes were found in CD 8 + (15%) or CD 3+ (13-22%) cells at all time periods examined. Smaller numbers were found within deltagamma TCR+ (5%) and alphabeta TCR+ (5%) lymphocytes. No sporozoites were found within CD 4+ or IgM+ lymphocytes at any of the time periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A survey of the gastro-intestinal nematodes of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a mountain habitat.

Two hundred and twenty one roe deer from a xeric inner-alpine valley in Italy were investigated along four yearly cycles for the presence of gastro-intestinal nematodes. Road kills were the main source of this material. Spiculopteragia spiculoptera and Ostertagia leptospicularis, with their "minor" morphs S. mathevossiani and O. kolchida, were the dominant abomasal species, whereas Nematodirus europaeus was the only dominant species in the small intestine; therefore, species composition was typical of this ruminant host. Nematodes whose prime hosts are domestic and wild Bovids (Rupicapra rupicapra) were found occasionally. Abundances were low (407 nematodes in the abomasum, 209 in the small intestine, 6 in the large intestine) in spite of a high population density. Significant differences in worm counts were observed between seasons (abomasal worm counts peaked in late spring and summer whereas N. europaeus was more abundant in winter), years and between sex and age classes (higher abomasal counts in bucks vs does and in adult individuals vs fawns). Associations between worm counts and the condition of roe deer (five parameters taken into account) could not be demonstrated unambiguously. Based on data, the use of abomasal counts as a herd health index in the study area is not recommended.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1986

Radiological manifestations of parasitic disease.

Parasitic diseases are very common on a worldwide basis. In certain cases radiological features are of importance both for primary diagnosis and for detection of complications of infestation. This review concentrates on parasitic diseases of radiological interest.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2005

Invasion of the intestinal tract by sporozoites of Eimeria coecicola and Eimeria intestinalis in naive and immune rabbits.

Naive and immune specific-pathogen-free rabbits were inoculated in the duodenum with sporocysts of Eimeria coecicola or Eimeria intestinalis. Samples were taken from the following tissues: duodenum (site of penetration of sporozoites), ileum (specific target site of the endogenous development of E. intestinalis), vermiform appendix (target site of E. coecicola) and two extraintestinal sites, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and spleen. The presence of sporozoites was checked by immunohistochemistry. In rabbits primary-infected with E. coecicola, large numbers of sporozoites were detected in the duodenum, extraintestinal sites, and vermiform appendix. The abundance of sporozoites in the spleen, MLN, and appendix was significantly reduced in the immune rabbits, and the migration seemed impeded. In the rabbits infected with E. intestinalis, sporozoites were absent in the spleen and MLN, indicating that the route of migration is different from that of E. coecicola. The number of sporozoites in the crypts of the ileum was markedly reduced in the immune animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Electron microscopy of the intestine and rectum in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

To provide a better understanding of the morphologic changes that take place in the intestine and colon in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), electron microscopy was performed on intestinal or colonic biopsy specimens obtained from 6 patients with AIDS and from 2 patients with AIDS-related lymphadenopathy syndrome. Cryptosporidia were attached to the plasma membrane of epithelial cells in 2 patients and were noninvasive. An invasive protozoan organism identified as Microsporidia was found in 1 patient. Evidence for epithelial cell injury was limited. Unusually prominent secretory granules in colonic epithelial cells (a morphologic counterpart of secretion) was found in 2 patients. Tubuloreticular structures were observed in 7 patients. The structures were found in endothelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and free in the capillary lumen. Tube- and ring-shaped forms were observed in 2 patients, prominent intraepithelial mast cells in 4 patients, rectal spirochetosis in 1 patient, and pseudomembranous colitis in 1 patient with intestinal and systemic shigellosis. Vesicular rosettes, retroviruses, other viruses, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were not observed. These observations expand our knowledge of morphologic changes in the colonic and intestinal mucosa in patients with AIDS. Tubuloreticular structures are so prominent, in contrast to our previous electron-microscopic observations in other disease and normal states of the intestine and colon, that their finding (though clearly nonspecific) may be a clue to the diagnosis of AIDS in an otherwise equivocal situation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗