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PubMed1992

[Detection of intestinal parasites from dogs in Tochigi-City in 1979 and 1991].

To clarify whether sanitary and hygienic conditions surrounding humans and pet animals have improved or not, we examined feces from dogs for intestinal parasites in Tochigi in 1979 and 1991. Intestinal parasites were detected from 109 of the 262 dogs (41.9%) in 1979 and 86 of the 260 dogs (32.8%) in 1991. Among the parasites. Ancylostoma caninum, Tirchuris vulpis and Toxocara canis were most commonly detected, and their detection rates were higher in 1979. On the contrary, Dipylidium caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis, Isospora spp., which are important causes of human diseases, were detected at higher rates in 1991. In the dogs of outdoor feeding, the detection rates of parasites were markedly decreased, but slightly increased in the dogs of indoor feeding in 1991. These results suggest that sanitary conditions surrounding pet animals have not been sufficiently improved, in spite of the fact that humans are in more contact with their pet animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Riyadh district, Saudi Arabia.

A total of 23,516 stool specimens collected from patients attending three medical centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were examined for intestinal parasites. Of these 5737 (24.4%) were positive. Entamoeba histolytica (8.8%) and Giardia lamblia (6.3%) were the commonest parasites found, and in the age group of one to 15 years. Giardia was found in 14.8% of males and 11.9% of females. Other intestinal parasites present included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Schistosoma mansoni, Hymeolepis nana. Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis. Taenia saginata and Schistosoma hematotium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma and intestinal parasites among homosexual males in the United States.

An interesting temporal relationship exists between the emergence of the epidemic of intestinal parasites in the homosexual male population and the subsequent appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma. Existent models suggest possible links between chronic parasitosis, viral infection, and the emergence of malignant disease. Patients with AIDS-related conditions have been demonstrated to have a high rate of asymptomatic amebiasis. Possible links between intestinal parasites and the development of Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients are explored.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal parasites among Karitiana Indians from Rondônia State, Brazil.

Gravity sedimentation parasitological examinations were performed in stool samples from 111 Karitiana Indians from Rondônia State, Brazilian Amazon Basin. Intestinal parasites were found in 43 samples (38.7%). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent helminth species (18.9%). Egg counts in samples positive for Ascaris suggested an overdispersed distribution of worm burdens in the host population. Age-distribution pattern of intestinal parasites among Karitiana Indians was found to be rather unusual: the highest prevalence (60.0%) was detected in the 12- to 16-year-old age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Description of Enteromyxum scophthalmi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Myxozoa), an intestinal parasite of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) using morphological and ribosomal RNA sequence data.

A new Myxozoa species causing enteritis and death in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, is described at light and electron microscope levels. In addition, small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences (SSU rDNA) from the new species and from similar myxozoans were obtained and used for phylogenetic inference, as complementary criteria to resolve its taxonomic classification. The new parasite is closely related to Myxidium leei, another enteric histozoic species from marine fish. However, the ascription of M. leei to the genus Myxidium was based on weak morphological evidence and is not supported by our rDNA data analysis. A close relationship with Zschokkella, the other morphologically related myxozoan genus is also not supported. The combined morphological and molecular study results in the establishment of the new genus Enteromyxum to accommodate the new species E. scophthalmi, and the former M. leei, which is transferred to the new genus as Enteromyxum leei (Diamant, Lom & Dyková 1994) n. comb. This genus of marine, histozoic and enteric myxozoans includes significant parasite species for marine finfish culture.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intestinal parasitic infections among HIV seropositive and high risk group subjects for HIV infection in Nepal.

Present study was carried out to find out the prevalence of intestinal parasites in HIV seropositive (HIV+) subjects and high risk group (HRG) for HIV infection in Nepal. A total 196 (HIV+: n = 112; Age: 16-52 years and HRG: n = 84; Age: 16-39 years) individuals were included. Stool specimens were examined by direct smear, formal-ether sedimentation, Sheather's sucrose floatation and Kinoyun modified Ziehl-Neelsen methods. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 35.7% (70/196) (26.7% in HIV+ subjects and 47.6% in HRG subjects). Trichuris trichiura was the commonest parasite in HIV+ subjects (50.0%), whereas hookworm was most common among HRG subjects (56.8%). There was an association of parasitic infections with the gastrointestinal tract symptoms in both the study subjects. Tibeto-Burmans study subjects had marginally higher prevalence than Indo-Aryans study subjects (P > 0.05). Multiparasitic infections were relatively more common among HIV+ subjects (7.2%) in comparison to HRG subjects (4.8%). Similarly the protozoan infections were relatively higher in HIV+ subjects (4.5%) compared with HRG subjects (1.2%). The opportunistic protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum was detected only in 5.2% HIV+ subjects.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1988

Intestinal parasites in children with diarrhea in El Salvador.

In a study of parasitological prevalence in El Salvador, stool specimens of 210 children with diarrhea were examined for intestinal parasites. In 104 cases (49%), intestinal helminths and protozoa were found. 53.4% of the specimens showed single infestation, 31.7% showed double. 3% triple and 1% quadruple infestation. Of the helminths, 31% were Trichuris trichiura, 18% Ascaris lumbricoides and 5% Hymenolepis nana. Of the pathogenic protozoa, 7% were identified as Giardia intestinalis, 6% Entamoeba histolytica, 4% Cryptosporidium sp. and 3% Blastocystis hominis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comparative analysis of intestinal parasitic infections in slum, rural and urban populations in and around union Territory, Chandigarh.

A study was conducted in and around the union Territory, Chandigarh, India to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in different population groups. The stool samples from a total of 600 subjects selected by cluster sampling technique were examined by direct microscopy. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was found to be 14.6% with highest prevalence of 19% from the slum area. Children were the most commonly affected group (18%) with those from slums showing the highest prevalence (24.6%). The most common parasite was Giardia (5.5%) followed by H. nana and Ascaris (2.8% and 2.7% respectively).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal parasitic diseases in HIV-infected patients in Uzbekistan].

Intestinal parasitic diseases were diagnosed in 100 HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease (its asymptomatic form, persistent generalized lymphoadenopathy, pre-AIDS, and AIDS) (Group 1), 100 Tashkent residents (Group 2), and 349 patients with gastrointestinal diseases, allergic dermatoses, and skin depigmentation foci (Group 3). The HIV-infected patients were found to have virtually all parasites, such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Chilomastix mesnili, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Endolimax nana, Blastocystis hominis, Enlerobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hymenolepis nana, detectable in the population of Tashkent. The highest infestation with intestinal protozoa, including nonpathogenic amoebas and helmninths, was found in Groups 1 and 3. However, in all the forms of HIV infection, the infestation with E. histolytical/dispar was 10 times greater than that in Groups 2 and 3 (1% and 0.8%, respectively). G. lamblia was detected in 16, 21, and 45.2% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In all the HIV-infected patients, the content of CD8 lymphocytes was increased, but that of CD20 lymphocytes was normal. Parasites were detectable with different levels of CD4 lymphocytes, but C. parvum was found only if its count was > 200/ml. In the HIV-infected patients, the hyperproduction of IgE was caused mainly by helminths rather than protozoa. In these patients, the increased level of IgE was also noted in the absence of parasites.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of intestinal parasites in Australian aboriginal children.

Five to nine-year-old Aboriginal children on Mitchell River Community maintained a satisfactory growth rate in the presence of multiple infections with intestinal parasites. Intensive treatment was successful in eliminating Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Strongyloides stercoralis infections, but reinfection with G. lamblia was rapid. Treatment failed to produce any growth spurt in the group. This may have been due to the rapidity of reinfection, but raises the question of whether intestinal parasites contribute significantly to growth retardation or whether growth retarded children have an immune deficit rendering them more susceptible to parasitic infections.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1993

Schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites in rural villages in southwest Nigeria: an indication for expanded programme on drug distribution and integrated control programme in Nigeria.

A cross sectional survey of schistosomiasis, intestinal parasite infections and pattern of schistosomiasis transmission was undertaken in four rural villages around the Erinle dam, Nigeria. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium ranged from 10% to 60%. 30% of infected school children excreted over 50 eggs/10 ml urine and high rates of haematuria, proteinuria, leucocyturia and nitrites in urine were observed in infected children and the villagers. Prevalence of infection with S. mansoni ranged from 11.4% to 36.8%. Intensity of infection based on geometric mean eggs/gram of faeces ranged between 100 and 545.7 eggs/g. Malacological surveys showed that Biomphalaria pfeifferi was the predominant potential snail hosts recovered at all the contact sites. Higher infections with schistosome parasites were also recorded for B. pfeifferi than Bulinus globosus. The pattern of transmission of schistosomiasis by the snails is consistent and makes incorporation of community-based focal application of a molluscicide such as Tetrapleura tetraptera in integrated control of schistosomiasis feasible in the area. Prevalence and intensity with Ascaris lumbricoides was high. The highest prevalence was 68.9% while the highest intensity of infection was 2,440.9 eggs/gram of faeces. Multiple infections occured with various combinations of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, S. haematobium, Fasciola gigantica, S. mansoni, and Entamoeba histolytica (as double, triple or quadruple infections). The results suggest an integrated approach to the control of schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites in this part of the country.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk factors for multiple intestinal parasites in an indigenous community of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil].

An investigation into the ethno-epidemiological profile of the Pankararu indigenous group in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, identified multiple intestinal parasites in nearly all members of the community. To detect possible environmental risk factors, we used the data base from a previous survey to test relations between daily living conditions (housing, sanitation, water supply and treatment, and garbage disposal) and the number of different parasite species found in the same household. The sample consisted of 84 families from the original sample of 112. Selection was based on the number of stool tests performed in the family. The mean number of parasite species was 5.0 per family, for a mean family size of 6.1 members. This number was greater for wattle-and-daub houses (mean 6.0 parasite species vs. 4.9 for brick houses; p < 0.03) and when water used in the household was not treated (mean 5.1 parasite species, vs. 4.5 for treated water; p < 0.05). Other household characteristics and hygienic habits did not significantly influence this number. We concluded that multiple intestinal parasitism in the Pernambuco Pankararu community is frequent, to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to water source and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Intestinal parasites in children with diarrhea in Delhi, India.

The parasitic causes of diarrhea in children in Delhi were determined by the direct smear technique; stool specimens of 127 children were examined for intestinal parasites. In 59 cases (46.5%) intestinal helminths and protozoa were demonstrated. Ascaris lumbricoides was observed in 1 (0.8%) case, while Trichuris trichiura was the finding in 3 (2.4%). Protozoal parasites included Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica in 14 (11%) cases each, Balantidium coli in 3 (2.4%) cases and Cryptosporidium spp in 24 (18.9%) patients. Mixed infection was not seen in any of the cases. Intestinal parasites may increase susceptibility to infection with other intestinal pathogens and therefore with the help of a simple technique, like direct fecal smear examination. rapid diagnosis can be made and specific therapy instituted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Intestinal parasite survey in Seoul by stool examination at Hanyang University Hospital]

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal parasitic infection in Seoul area, Korea. During the period from June 1985 to July 1986, a total of 5,251 stool samples were collected in Department of Clinical Pathology, Hanyang University Hospital and examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique once for helminth ova and protozoan cysts. The results were summerized as follows: The overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminthes was 2.53 per cent; and 1.43 per cent for Clonorchis sinensis, 0.7 per cent for Trichuris trichiura, 0.13 per cent for Metagonimus yokogawai, 0.06 per cent for hookworm, and 0.02 per cent for Ascaris lumbricoides, Diphyllobothrium latum and Hymenolepis nana, respectively. The overall cyst positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 1.07 per cent. Cyst positive rate was 0.06 per cent for Entamoeba histolytica and 0.13 per cent for Giardia lamblia, respectively. Higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was observed in male and in 21-50 year-old groups. The highest prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection was observed in 40th age group(3.4 per cent), and male (2.3 per cent) was more infected than female (0.7 per cent) in general.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

An eco-epidemiological study of contamination of soil with infective forms of intestinal parasites.

The objectives of the present work were to screen topsoil samples collected from public squares in two cities within the Argentine Patagonia for the presence of infective forms of intestinal parasites and to examine the possible relationship between positive findings and the environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions of that region. For this purpose we studied 13 public squares, their 13 custodians, and 44 family groups within their respective surrounding areas. Of the 226 topsoil samples analyzed, 44.3% proved positive for infective forms of intestinal parasites, with 17.3% of these containing more than one species. The frequency of appearance of positive samples was dependent on the season of the year (p < 0.001), while presence of the parasites was related to the soil pH (p < 0.05) but independent of the soil relative humidity (p > 0.05). Some of the organisms detected are associated with zoonoses. We observed the presence of Capillaria spp. and Spirocerca spp. under cool desert climatic conditions. Within the group of custodians we detected hematologic alterations one positive serology for toxoplasmosis and documented behavior conducive to risk of infection with the parasites found in those squares. Within the family group an acquaintance with parasitic zoonoses and their prevention was an inconsistent finding, with toxocarosis and toxoplasmosis being the diseases associated with the greatest degree of ignorance. Furthermore, we consider the failure to de-parasitize pets and the practice of feeding them with raw meat, as typically found in our family survey, to be factors contributing to a greater likelihood of public square contamination. From the results obtained here, we propose a spatial organization approach for the purpose of detecting zones at risk of contracting zoonotic parasitoses within urban environments.

Adolescent↗