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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Aggression and the psychological self.

In this paper we explore the idea of aggression as a defence against threats to the psychological self. This aspect of the self allows reflection about people in psychological terms and develops, in the first three years of life, through appreciation of mental states in the other. When the object is unpredictable or hostile, recognition of this is painful to the child, and his reflective function will not be adequately established. The defences of aggression or avoidance will be invoked very frequently. In time, aggression may become an organising influence in the construction of the self; pathological destructiveness then takes the place of emotional relatedness and concern for the other. Psychoanalytic treatment no longer works primarily by addressing conflict. Instead, particularly through interpretations of transference and countertransference, the analyst recreates an intersubjective process which enhances the patient's reflective self, this time in the safety of a benign relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Conceptualizations of homosexual behavior which preclude homosexual self-labeling.

Our culture presents people with a problematic pair of messages: engaging in homosexual behavior makes a person a homosexual, and homosexuality is bad. In this context, maintenance of self-esteem, sexual/affectional satisfaction, and coherent identity requires some intricate psychological footwork. This article describes a variety of common conceptualizations of "homosexual behavior" which permit the individual to avoid the stigma of homosexual self-labeling. It is suggested that the "accuracy" of these constructions is less important than the appropriate doubt they cast on our widely held, but psychologically inadequate, concepts of sexual orientation.

Denial, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Sappho was a right-on adolescent: growing up lesbian.

Beginning with the interaction between the coming-out process and adolescent development, this paper explores the young lesbian experience. The words and perceptions of over 20 young lesbians are used to depict the experience from their own points of view.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Psychological adjustment and sex-role affiliation in an alcoholic population.

Examined the relationship among sex-role categories and indices of social/personal adjustment and psychiatric symptoms in a male alcoholic (N = 123) population. No significant relationships were found between PRF sex-role categories and measures of distress, mood disturbance and psychiatric symptomatology; nor was sex-role type found to be associated with behaviors common to alcoholism. These findings differ from those of others, which report that less sex-typed males have more adjustment problems. The inability to demonstrate a relationship between maladjustment and the PRF ANDRO typology raises the question whether sex-role affiliation is largely independent of factors suggestive of poor mental health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

The instability of possible selves: identity processes within late adolescents' close peer relationships.

Understanding how identities emerge and stabilize within the context of interpersonal relationships is an important issue in identity research. Seventy-six late adolescents and their peer partners participated in a laboratory study that focused on the possible selves tied to anticipated career, marriage, and parenthood roles. Control theory (people work to maintain existing identities) and the concept of psychosocial moratorium (identity exploration involves actively "trying on" different selves) were integrated to explain identity construction processes. Consistent with notions of exploration and commitment, emerging self-definitions for highly desired possible selves were unstable. Consistent with control theory, stable self-definitions for anticipated selves occurred when adolescents were committed to avoiding the role. The relationship context mattered only minimally for the adolescents' exploration activities. The behavior of peer partners, however, made it more likely that adolescents would engage in identity exploration of highly important possible selves. The integration of control theory with the concept of psychosocial moratorium offers explanations for the emergence of new identities and their ultimate stabilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Premenstrual syndrome as a western culture-specific disorder.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has a phenomenology resembling many culture-bound (culture-specific) syndromes described in the anthropological literature. Viewed as a culture-specific syndrome, PMS is an appropriate symbolic representation of conflicting societal expectations that women be both productive and reproductive. By simultaneously denying either alternative, PMS translates role conflict into a standardized cultural idiom. Thus, despite obvious biopsychological determinants, PMS is best understood as a sociocultural phenomenon illustrating both the special status of women in Western culture and the ethnocentrism of Western anthropology which heretofore has only recently begun to identify culture-specific syndromes in its own back yard.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

Social support and self-esteem as intervening variables in the relationship between social roles and women's well-being.

The effects of social roles on women's well-being are explored in an analysis which incorporates social support and self-esteem as intervening variables. The impact of roles on well-being is expected to occur primarily through these intervening variables. An analysis of a national sample of adult women reveals that the only social roles to impact well-being through effects on social support or self-esteem are employment and parenthood. Results indicate that parenthood has a weak positive effect on support and marriage reduces levels of distress. Employment does not enhance well-being via social support but does have a positive effect on self-esteem. Community programs which encourage social participation and which involve esteem enhancing activities are recommended.

Adaptation, Psychological↗