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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A program to immunize hospitalized preschool-aged children: evaluation and impact.

OBJECTIVE: The Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices suggest that hospitalization be viewed as an opportunity to vaccinate children. The purpose of the present study is 1) to determine the immunization status of an urban population of hospitalized preschool-aged children, 2) to study the impact of an immunization program designed to vaccinate hospitalized 0 to 2-year-old children who are underimmunized at admission, and 3) to make immunization a routine part of care for the hospitalized child. METHODS: Prospective evaluation of the immunization status of hospitalized 0 to 2-year-old residents of Philadelphia admitted to an urban children's hospital was performed. With verification of the child's immunization record through the primary care provider (PCP), needed immunizations were given and records were forwarded to notify the PCP. Educational information was provided to families and health care providers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The percentage of children fully immunized on admission compared with the percentage at the time of discharge. Results. Two thousand three hundred twenty-nine children from 0 to 2 years of age were hospitalized during the 22-month study period. Immunization records were verified in 86% (2006), requiring an average of 1.5 phone calls to the PCP. The mean patient age was 10 months. Average hospital length of stay was 4 days. On admission, 49% (980) of the 2006 study patients were fully immunized. The remaining 51% (1026) were eligible for vaccination. Immunizations were delayed greater than or equal to 2 months in 18% (355) of the children. Neither type of health care insurance nor site of primary care affected the immunization status of those evaluated at the time of admission. Sixty-six percent (N = 674) of eligible patients received at least one vaccination before hospital discharge. Medical contraindications accounted for only 4% of the reasons eligible patients were not immunized. Of the 2006 children evaluated, the percentage of those fully vaccinated for age increased significantly from 44% on admission to 70% on discharge. CONCLUSION: As a result of this program, there was a significant improvement in vaccination percentage at the time of hospital discharge in this group of urban preschool-aged children. The development of an immunization program to vaccinate hospitalized preschool children is an opportunity to immunize in the urban setting where there is a high prevalence of underimmunization. In addition, it provides an opening for educational programs for families, nurses, and housestaff and linkage to the community PCPs.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Integration of vitamin A supplementation with the expanded program on immunization does not affect seroconversion to oral poliovirus vaccine in infants.

Childhood immunization programs may provide infrastructure for delivering vitamin A supplements to infants in developing countries. The effect of giving vitamin A, an immune enhancer, on antibody responses to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (TOPV) is unknown. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of giving vitamin A simultaneously with TOPV on antibody responses to poliovirus. Infants (n = 467) received oral vitamin A, 15 mg retinol equivalent (RE), 7.5 mg RE or placebo with TOPV at 6, 10 and 14 wk of age. Antibody responses to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were measured by a microvirus neutralization assay at enrollment and at 9 mo of age. Seroconversion rates to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 ranged from 98 to 100% in the three treatment groups, and there were no differences in mean antibody titers to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 among treatment groups. This study demonstrates that oral vitamin A does not affect antibody responses to poliovirus vaccine when integrated with the Expanded Program on Immunization.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Integration of hepatitis B immunization in the Expanded Program on Immunization of the Child Survival Project.

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a component of the Child Survival Project (CSP) whose objectives are to reduce the incidence rates of six childhood diseases (Measles, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Poliomyelitis) and to reduce the number of infant deaths from those diseases by increasing effective vaccination coverage. In 1991, the CSP/EPI developed a national plan to introduce national immunization of infants against hepatitis B in an attempt to control the magnitude and seriousness of the damage which viral hepatitis causes in terms of morbidity, mortality and serious sequelae as hepatitis B is an endemic disease in Egypt causing an important public health problem which requires urgent control. This presentation will discuss the integrated effort undertaken to plan and implement the program, the different challenges it faces, control studies being performed as well as the proposed objectives of the hepatitis B vaccination program.

Child↗