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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Combined intra-articular and extra-articular reconstructions for anterior tibial subluxation.

This article describes several procedures that combine intra-articular techniques with extra-articular techniques to stabilize the knee with anterior tibial subluxation. The procedures detailed are reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon and the iliotibial tract; tenodesis using a strip of iliotibial tract combined with intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with the central third of the patellar tendon; "mini-reconstruction"; and a procedure utilizing a vascularized patellar tendon graft plus "dynamic" augmentation.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Long term results of late reconstruction for anterior or anteromedial instability of the knee.

Forty-one patients who had had surgical repair for anterior or anteromedial instability of the knee were examined on average 3.7 years after the operation. Of these patients, 17 had been injured in sports activities, 11 in work accidents, 5 in traffic accidents and 8 during other activities. Twenty-six patients underwent intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament where the Jones procedure was used, 7 with the HeyGroves procedure, and 2 by the Eriksson procedure. The remaining 6 patients were treated by transfer of the gracilis, semitendinosus tendon or fascia lata. During the operation, the medial collateral ligament was reefed in 4 knees and Mauck's reconstruction was performed on 4 knees. Medial meniscectomy was carried out in 9 patients. The results were evaluated using subjective, functional and objective criteria. The objective criteria included both clinical examination and stress radiography using a specially designed apparatus. Laxity of the medial collateral ligament and anterior drawer sign were recorded on radiographs, using the uninjured knee for comparison. The operation was estimated to have been successful subjectively (excellent or good) in 25 patients, functionally successful in 20 and objectively successful in 23 patients. In the personal opinion of 33 patients the knee improved. Meniscectomy and long follow-up time were found to cause a decrease in successful results. More arthritic changes appeared if meniscectomy had been performed. The patients returned to work within an average period of 3.7 months. In 7 cases the result was classified as functionally poor, and the knee required a subsequent operation.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

Elbow problems in the athlete.

Athletes expose their elbows to significantly high forces, in addition to multiple repetitive motions. Athletic injuries about the elbow include ligamentous, tendon, articular, and nerve injuries. The proper diagnosis requires a thorough knowledge of the anatomy, pathomechanics, and physical findings associated with these injuries. Treatment entails a methodical progression from nonoperative to operative intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Knee dislocations with vascular injuries.

Any knee that is dislocated or that has both anterior and posterior cruciates and one collateral ligament torn should be carefully evaluated for neurologic and vascular injury. Reduction and immobilization should be performed. If the pulses are anything but normal, arrangements should be made to proceed to the operating room immediately. A one-shot arteriogram can be obtained in the operating room, but proceeding directly with popliteal artery exploration is reasonable if the pulses have not returned to normal. If the pulses have returned to normal, an arteriogram should be obtained. After the vascular repair has been done, a fasciotomy of the lower leg should be performed. In the young healthy active patient who does not have significant necrotic muscle or severe nerve injury, delayed reconstruction and early, very aggressive rehabilitation is recommended. Whether this treatment improves the results of this injury remains to be seen. Discussion with the vascular surgeon concerning the use of a tourniquet is recommended. If not functioning, the peroneal nerve is often severely stretched, and no treatment to date has been very encouraging. An ankle foot orthosis or tendon transfers to achieve dorsiflexion may be needed.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed1996

Quantitative comparison of soft tissue-bone interface at chondral ligament insertions in the rabbit knee joint.

At chondral ligament insertions the calcified fibrocartilage interdigitates deeply with the lamellar bone. The shape of this interface is formed under physiological loading conditions. For the purpose of morphological comparison between different ligament entheses in the rabbit knee, the number and frequency of interdigitations and thickness of calcified fibrocartilage were quantitated at the femoral insertion of the medial collateral ligament, both insertions of the cruciate ligaments, and the tibial insertion of the patellar ligament. Among the insertions, the femoral insertion of the medial collateral ligament showed the lowest frequency and depth of interdigitations at the soft tissue-bone interface, but had the thickest zone of calcified fibrocartilage. An inverse relationship was found at the insertion interface of the cruciate and patellar ligaments. The frequency and depth of interdigations at the bone-soft tissue interface at different chondral entheses seem to be related to the mechanical strength of the respective ligament; meanwhile it may be hypothesised that the thickness of the calcified fibrocartilage might be more related to the amount of motion which takes place at an insertion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The morphology of ligament insertions after failure at low strain velocity: an evaluation of ligament entheses in the rabbit knee.

The morphology of failed rabbit knee entheses is described after in vitro load to failure testing at low strain velocity. Avulsion fracture was the dominant failure mode both for the cruciate ligaments and the medial collateral ligament. The patellar ligament became avulsed in most cases from the patellar insertion. The ligamentous anterior attachment of the medial meniscus failed by a midsubstance rupture and the posterior fibrocartilaginous attachment by a rupture near to the meniscal horn. On histological inspection the failure characteristics usually appeared more elaborate, involving to different degrees all portions of the bone-ligament-bone complexes. Avulsion fracture through subchondral bone was often combined with a partial ligament midsubstance rupture. In few cases avulsion from the cement line was combined with a rupture between the uncalcified fibrocartilage and the ligament. The medial collateral ligament failed in one case entirely at the cement line of its femoral insertion. Horizontal rupture through the calcified fibrocartilage and a vertical cleavage crossing the tidemark were also observed. The superficial portion of the patellar ligament failed with a midsubstance rupture, and the deeper part with an avulsion through the calcified fibrocartilage or an avulsion fracture. The complex failure characteristics may be attributed to uneven loading, nonuniformity of the structure, and specific anatomical location. Subchondral bone beneath femoral and tibial insertions seems to be weaker than the transitional zone between soft tissue and hard bone at the enthesis. The overall inferior structural quality of a ruptured ligament has to be taken into account when parts of the original structure are used for suturing or reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The effect of intra-articular methadone on postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Intra-articular narcotics have proven efficacy for providing pain relief following knee arthroscopy. This effect is short-lived. Methadone, with its long serum half-life (thirty-five hours, compared with two hours for morphine) could provide improved and prolonged pain relief. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an intra-articular injection of methadone on postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Sixty-five skeletally mature patients undergoing primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were randomly assigned to one of three groups, all of which received an intra-articular injection consisting of 9.5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine at the completion of the procedure. In addition, the remaining 0.5 mL of the syringe was filled with one of three substances. The study group (twenty-five patients) received 5 mg of methadone, the comparison group (twenty-one patients) received 5 mg of morphine, and the control group (nineteen patients) received 0.5 mL of saline solution. All supplemental pain medications were given on an as-needed basis, recorded, and converted to morphine equivalents. Specific variables that were measured included supplemental analgesia requirements during both the inpatient period and the outpatient period (from the time of discharge to the seventh postoperative day) and pain scores. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in inpatient (p = 0.998) or outpatient (p = 0.887) supplemental analgesic requirements or pain scores between the methadone group (Group 1) and the control group (Group 3). The morphine group (Group 2) required significantly less inpatient (p = 0.014) and outpatient (p = 0.044) supplemental analgesia compared with the control group (Group 3). There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: The present report represents the first known study of the use of intra-articular methadone and establishes that this analgesic is safe at a single dose of 5 mg. At this dose, however, methadone does not provide improved postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In contrast, intra-articular morphine does appear to be effective for decreasing postoperative pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: correlation with arthroscopy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to diagnose acute and chronic intraarticular knee pathology in 23 knees. The results were compared with arthroscopic findings of meniscal, ligamentous, and articular cartilaginous pathology using a double-blind prospective protocol. The overall accuracy for meniscal tears was 78%, with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 72%; for cruciate ligaments, MRI was 82% accurate, with a sensitivity of 67% [anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) only] and a specificity of 86%. In select clinical situations, MRI of the knee is a useful diagnostic tool.

Adult↗