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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Soluble HLA antigens in the circulation of liver graft recipients.

Human liver allografts deliver soluble class I (HLA-A and -B) transplantation antigens into the recipients' circulation. These molecules are detectable in recipient serum shortly after transplantation and they persist at high concentration for as long as the liver graft functions. Levels of graft-derived antigens in the recipient serum and self antigens in donor serum are comparable. Kinetic studies of these soluble antigens in donor and recipient show that donor antigens are continuously exported by the transplanted liver, while in the recipient, self antigens are derived from liver and other sources. At least two molecular forms of soluble HLA-A and -B antigens are present in sera from donors, recipients, and normal individuals. One form with m.w. approximately 50 kd seems to be a soluble monomer associated with beta 2-microglobulin, while the other forms of higher m.w. may be aggregates and/or complexes. Monitoring of these antigens in transplant recipients may be a useful indicator of graft pathology and function.

HLA-A Antigens↗
PubMed1999

[Splanchnic circulation after liver cirrhosis shunting].

In 47 patients during 1985-1997 years period the complex haemodynamical investigations before the operation and in 8-12 months after it were performed: in 24--distal splenorenal shunt was performed and in 23--nonselective portocaval shunt. After performance of shunting operation the volumetric speed of the blood flow had lowered together with pressure in v.porta. After the nonselective shunting performance the significantly more pronounced change of these indexes was noted, comparing with such after the selective anastomosis formation. The portal blood flow lowering had promoted the arterial hepatic blood flow increase, showing compensatory-adaptational reaction, directed for the common hepatic blood flow preservation.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

The influence of fetal circulation on liver cell ultrastructure.

This study shows that autolytic changes in liver tissue from mini-pig fetuses are less extensive if, after removal of the uterus, the fetal circulation is left anatomically intact until excision and fixation. It must be concluded that, if it is not possible to remove and fix fetal material immediately, the fetus should be kept in the intact amniotic cavity with an intact umbilical cord.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Endotoxin exposure alters brain and liver effects of fumonisin B1 in BALB/c mice: implication of blood brain barrier.

Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia and hepatotoxicity. We studied the modulation of FB(1) toxicity in brain and liver of female BALB/c mice after endotoxin administration to compromise the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline or 3 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed 2 h later by either a single or three daily subcutaneous doses of 2.25 mg/kg of FB(1). After 4h of a single FB(1) injection the inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis occurred in liver. Circulating alanine aminotransferase increased by LPS alone at this time. In brain LPS triggered inflammation increasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interferon (IFN) gamma, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12; no effect of FB(1) was observed. In liver LPS+FB(1) attenuated the expression TNFalpha and IFNgamma compared to LPS alone. One day after the 3-day FB(1) treatment the biosynthesis of sphingolipids was markedly reduced in brain and liver and it was further inhibited when LPS was given before FB(1). FB(1) induced hepatotoxicity, as measured by circulating liver enzymes, was reduced after the combined treatment with LPS+FB(1) compared to FB(1) alone. FB(1) decreased the LPS-induced brain expression of IFNgamma and IL-1beta, whereas the expression of IL-6 and IL-12 was augmented. In liver FB(1) also reduced the expression of IL-1beta and IFNgamma compared to LPS alone. Results indicated that endotoxemia concurrent with FB(1) intoxication facilitated the permeability of fumonisin in brain indicated by increased accumulation of sphinganine and endotoxin modified the effects of FB(1) in both brain and liver.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen supply to the cirrhotic liver following various portacaval shunt procedures.

Direct measurements of local oxygen pressure by means of a platinum multiwire electrode were performed to investigate the effect of five different portacaval shunt procedures on hepatic oxygen content in the cirrhotic rat liver. End-to-side shunt, side-to-side shunt, mesenterico caval shunt, splenocaval shunt, and portacaval transposition were performed and surface PO2 was determined immediately after operation, 24 hours following operation and after one week. Portacaval transposition and end-to-side shunt led to a striking oxygen deficit of the liver tissue with no incidence of compensation by the hepatic artery; Oxygen supply was improved considerably by a side-to-side shunt and tissue hypoxia could be prevented by a mesenterico-caval shunt and splenocaval shunt. This improving effect is thought to be due to the pancreatico-duodenal venous blood supply which should be carefully preserved for the liver circulation when a shunt needs to be performed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated liver perfusion using percutaneous methods: an experimental study in the pig.

PURPOSE: To develop a method for isolated perfusion of the liver using radiological methods. METHODS: Twenty-one pigs, weighing about 20 kg, were divided into three groups. By transjugular and transfemoral approaches two occlusion balloons were placed in the inferior vena cava cranial and caudal, respectively, to the origin of the hepatic veins. One occlusion balloon was placed transfemorally in the common hepatic artery. Another occlusion balloon was inserted in the main branch of the portal vein via the transjugular-transhepatic approach in 11 pigs (groups 1 and 2), and in 10 pigs (group 3) by a percutaneous transhepatic route. After inflation of the balloons, patency of the isolated liver circulation was evaluated by recirculation of 99Tcm-labelled human albumin during 30 min. Blood tests were obtained after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min to evaluate leakage from the liver to the systemic circulation. RESULTS: Increasing leakage to the systemic circulation from the isolated liver circulation was observed in groups 1 and 2. In the third group the leakage was less than 10%. CONCLUSION: In an experimental animal model, isolated perfusion of the liver with minor leakage to the systemic circulation may be achieved using radiological methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sterno-laparotomy and extracorporeal circulation for liver transplantation after repeat-surgery for Budd-Chiari syndrome.

The surgical management of two patients undergoing living transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome is reported. Mesenteriocaval shunt had previously been performed in both cases, followed by transcaval liver resection and hepatoatrial anastomosis after 3 and 5 years, respectively. Liver transplantation was necessitated by deteriorating liver function with portal hypertension and recurrent bleeding. The successful operation was performed via sternolaparotomy. Atrioatrial anastomosis was constructed during cardiopulmonary bypass, considerably simplifying the technical procedure and dramatically reducing blood loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of dietary components, including lignans and phytoestrogens, on enterohepatic circulation and liver metabolism of estrogens and on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).

A brief account of our present knowledge on the enterohepatic metabolism of estrogens and on the origin, metabolism and biological effects of mammalian lignans and phytoestrogens is undertaken. Furthermore, recently published results on the effects of dietary fiber, fat and carbohydrates on estrogen metabolism are reviewed. New preliminary results are presented on quantitative assays of lignans and phytoestrogens in urine of women belonging to various dietary and population groups and in a group of chimpanzees. The highest values of lignans and phytoestrogens were found in the non-human primates, and in macrobiotic, lactovegetarian and Japanese women, all groups considered having a low risk for the development of breast and other hormone-dependent cancer. New results on correlations between intake of various fibers, lignan and phytoestrogen excretion and plasma levels of estrogens, free testosterone and SHBG in women are presented. There is a significant positive correlation between the intake of fiber and urinary excretion of lignans and phytoestrogens, and the concentration of plasma SHBG. Fiber intake and urinary excretion of lignans and equol correlated negatively with plasma percentage free estradiol. Enterolactone excretion correlated negatively with plasma free testosterone. It is concluded that dietary macro- and micronutrients seem to play an important role in estrogen metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Influence of liver fibrosis on hepatic artery Doppler resistance index in chronic hepatitis of viral origin.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic arterial Doppler sonography is increasingly being used in liver diagnostics. The determinants of the elevation of hepatic artery impedance indexes in chronic liver disease, however, have still not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between histological alterations and liver circulation in chronic hepatitis. METHODS: Hepatic artery resistance index and portal flow velocity were measured using Doppler sonography in 47 patients with chronic hepatitis of viral origin diagnosed at histopathology. The patients were divided into two groups, those with mild and those with severe alterations, in accordance with the various histological parameters of the Knodell scoring system. RESULTS: Hepatic artery resistance index and age were higher in patients with more severe liver fibrosis (respectively 0.638 +/- 0.084 and 39.0 +/- 10.9 (years) in mild fibrosis versus 0.687 +/- 0.060 and 49.4 +/- 14.4 (years) in severe fibrosis; P < 0.05 for both), whereas no difference between the two groups was found for the other histological features (degeneration, inflammation and necrosis), nor for portal flow velocity. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in hepatic artery resistance index appears to be influenced by the extent of fibrous tissue deposition in the liver, determined by chronic inflammation and repair and, secondly, by ageing.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Liver blood flow during xenon anesthesia in surgical hepatology].

The authors present their experience gained in anesthesias for resection of the liver. Methods for evaluating total liver blood flow by ueveredine dilution, portal blood flow by thermodilution, changes in arterial blood supply during and after the operation are discussed. Effects of methods of anesthesia on total liver blood flow and some parameters of systemic hemodynamics are analyzed. Effects of neuroleptanalgesia, ketamine and xenon anesthesia on liver blood flow are compared. The efficiencies of anesthesias for resection of the liver and their effects on liver function during and after the operation are evaluated. The results evidence that disorders in liver circulation parameters were far less pronounced in the patients operated on under Xe anesthesia in comparison with patients operated on under neuroleptanalgesia and calypsol anesthesia. The study confirmed a pronounced analgesic effect of xenon, and clinical results confirmed that Xe anesthesia can be used in traumatic interventions.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗