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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Beta-galactosidase tablets in the treatment of lactose intolerance in pediatrics.

Lactose-intolerant children manifest diminished or nonexistent intestinal lactase activity, resulting in flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. To assess the hydrolytic capability of lactase-containing tablets taken immediately before oral lactose challenge, we studied 18 children previously identified as being lactose intolerant and having no underlying organic gastrointestinal disease. Subjects had a mean (+/- SEM) age of 11.4 +/- 3.4 years; 72% were male. At time of the study, lactase-containing tablets or placebo tablets were ingested (double-blind) immediately before drinking a solution of lactose. Breath samples were obtained for hydrogen analysis at 30-minute intervals during a 2-hour period, and clinical symptoms were monitored. In lactose-intolerant patients, hydrogen production was significantly greater following placebo (maximum hydrogen excretion, approximately 60 ppm) compared with lactase-containing tablets (maximum hydrogen excretion, 7 ppm). Increased hydrogen production was associated with clinical symptoms including abdominal pain (89% of subjects following placebo ingestion), bloating (83%), diarrhea (61%), and flatulence (44%). These results indicate, therefore, that coingestion of lactose and lactase-containing tablets significantly reduces both breath hydrogen excretion and clinical symptoms associated with lactose intolerance.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1979

[Exhaled hydrogen test in the detection of lactase deficiency].

To determine the validity of breath H2 measurements in detecting lactase deficiency, capillary blood glucose and breath H2 were measured after ingestion of 50 g lactose in 34 patients with abdominal symptoms or diarrhea. 18 patients had biopsy-proven lactase deficiency and 16 normal lactase activity. Blood glucose determination produced 2 false-positive results while breath H2 measurements provided 2 false-negative and 4 false-positive results.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical evaluation of a miniaturized desktop breath hydrogen analyzer.

UNLABELLED: A small desktop electrochemical H2 analyzer (EC-60-Hydrogen monitor) was compared with a stationary electrochemical H2 monitor (GMI-exhaled Hydrogen monitor). RESULTS: The EC-60-H2 monitor shows a high degree of precision for repetitive (n = 10) measurements of standard hydrogen mixtures (CV 1-8%). The response time for completion of measurement is shorter than that of the GMI-exhaled H2 monitor (37 sec. vs 53 sec.; p < 0.0001), while reset times are almost identical (54 sec. vs 51 sec. n.s). In a clinical setting, breath H2-concentrations measured with the EC-60-H2 monitor and the GMI-exhaled H2 monitor were in excellent agreement with a linear correlation (Y = 1.12X + 1.022, r2 = 0.9617, n = 115). With increasing H2-concentrations the EC-60-H2 monitor required larger sample volumes for maintaining sufficient precision, and sample volumes greater than 200 ml were required with H2-concentrations > 30 ppm. CONCLUSION: For routine gastrointestinal function testing, the EC-60-H2 monitor is an satisfactory and reliable, easy to use and inexpensive desktop breath hydrogen analyzer, whereas in patients with difficulty in cooperating (children, people with severe pulmonary insufficiency), special care has to be applied to obtain sufficiently large breath samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Breath hydrogen response to milk containing lactose in colicky and noncolicky infants.

In 122 healthy newborn infants, we studied the relationship between breath hydrogen (H2) production after feedings containing lactose (human milk or commercial formula) in colicky and noncolicky infants at 6 weeks and 3 months. Eighty-three infants (68%) developed colic (mild, moderate, or severe) by 2.6 +/- 1.8 weeks of age (mean +/- SD). Zero time (baseline) breath H2 values were significantly higher in colicky compared with noncolicky infants at both 6 weeks (40.6 +/- 41.4 vs 14.8 +/- 32.9 ppm) and 3 months (27.7 +/- 38.1 vs 8.5 +/- 18.2 ppm). There were significantly more positive breath H2 tests in colicky compared with noncolicky infants at 6 weeks (78% vs 36%) and 3 months (89% vs 45%). Failure to produce H2 throughout the breath H2 test was significantly more frequent in noncolicky compared with colicky infants at 6 weeks (50% vs 18%) and 3 months (43% vs 4%). These findings remained significant even when infants with mild colic (at 6 weeks and 3 months) were included in the noncolicky group. We conclude that colicky infants produce more breath H2 in the fasting state and in response to feedings containing lactose than noncolicky infants produce. This may represent increased lactose malabsorption, differences in colonic bacterial fermentation conditions, or differences in the handling of colonic gas produced.

Breath Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carbohydrate malabsorption in infants with diarrhea: diagnostic and evolutive aspects.

Twenty three infants with acute or protracted diarrhea were investigated for carbohydrate (CHO) malabsorption during their normal feeding schedules. All infants were fed a chicken-meat formula which contained rice flour and maltodextrin. End-tidal respiratory H2 concentrations were sequentially evaluated in different clinical settings and compared to fecal pH and reducing substances. Fecal pH below 6.0 and/or breath H2 greater than 25 ppm were considered evidence of CHO malabsorption, as these values disappeared while infants were submitted to a trial of CHO withdrawal per os, reappearing after CHO reintroduction. Values of fecal pH greater than 6.0 most often (84,2%) occurred along with H2 less than 25 ppm, thus frequently reflecting a good CHO absorption. pH values below 6.0, however, although reflecting CHO malabsorption, did not predict the presence of significant H2 concentrations in expired air. In 44.4% of the well-nourished or only mildly malnourished infants some evidence of CHO malabsorption was present, whereas this occurred in all severely malnourished infants. This last group of infants had a longer history of diarrhea prior to admission and needed a longer hospitalization. The frequency of H2 values greater than 25 ppm decreased progressively during the clinical evolution, along with an increase in CHO ingestion, findings possibly related to nutritional improvement. The hydrogen breath test and fecal pH allowed the diagnosis of CHO fermentation when applied as in this study, without a conventional CHO overload and without previous fasting. It did, however, not predict clinical intolerance, as signs of CHO malabsorption still occurred in infants whose diarrhea had already subsided.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1990

[High lactose content of the Lundh test meal adversely affects the reliability of the ALTAB test].

UNLABELLED: The exocrine pancreatic function was examined in 20 patient without any detectable gastrointestinal disorder. We used 1 g 4(N-acetyl-L-thyrosil) aminobenzoic acid (ALTAB) an Lundh's test meal containing 25 g lactose, and the test was repeated with 3 g lactase (Galantase). The urine was collected for 6 hours to check PABA excretion in urine. Lactose intolerance was diagnosed in 10 patients on the basis of an increase of H2 in the breath at least 15 ppm after Lundh's test meal and/or diarrhoea after test in two hours if this diarrhoea could be prevented by giving Galantase orally. We measured PABA excretion in patients with and without lactose intolerance after Lundh's test meal: 17.8% (SD = 6.7) and 47% (SD = 13) respectively (p less than 0.001), and after Lundh's test meal with Galantase: 34.3% (SD = 12.7) and 43.6% (SD = 10.9) respectively. The increase after Galantase in the group with lactose intolerance was significant (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Lactose content of Lundh's test meal causes a considerable lactose load in patients with lactose intolerance. 2. Oral lactase enzyme usually normalises the result of ALTAB test. 3. It is necessary to detect lactose intolerance before use of Lundh's test meal.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1975

Prospective comparison of indirect methods for detecting lactase deficiency.

To compare sensitivity, specificity and convenience, four indirect methods of detecting lactase deficiency were tested prospectively in 25 subjects with biopsy-proved lactase deficiency and in 25 with normal lactase activity. After ingestion of 50 g of lactose, containing 1-14Clactose, breath hydrogen was abnormally elevated in all 25 lactase-deficient subjects (greater than 0.30 ml per minute at two hours); breath 14CO2 was below the normal range in 23, and in 19 the plasma glucose increased by less than 20 mg per deciliter. When lactose and ethanol were given together, the rise in plasma galactose remained less than 5 mg per deciliter in 24 of the lactase-deficient subjects. The specificity of the four tests was excellent, with only one false-positive plasma glucose test. Measurement of breath hydrogen is sensitive and specific, and does not require ethanol or isotopes. It is noninvasive, and is not influenced by gastric emptying or metabolic factors. We believe it to be the most suitable test for population screening for lactase deficiency.

Adult↗