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Results for “Life Style”

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PubMed1995

Sociodemographic factors and life-styles affecting micronutrient status in an apparently healthy elderly Japanese population.

To define the effects of sociodemographic factors and life-styles on intakes and biochemical measures of iron, thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid in healthy elderly Japanese, a survey was conducted on 190 subjects aged 65 to 80 years. Results of multivariate analyses of the data indicated that, independent of the other factors, smoking was significantly and negatively associated with ascorbic acid status and its intake (expressed as its concentration per unit of energy in diets). After controlling for the other factors, participation in a nutrition education program in the past was significantly and positively associated with intakes of thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid. Biochemical measures of these three vitamins were also significantly better in the participants.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic, dietary, life style, and anthropometric correlates of blood pressure.

The relationships between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and select demographic, dietary, life-style, and anthropometric variables were examined for a specialized sample of 10,419 adults, 18 years and over, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I conducted in 1971-1974. The bivariate relationships of blood pressure to each of the measurements above were examined using zero-order correlation coefficients, and Step-wise linear regression. Age and body mass index (BMI) played a major role in accounting for most of the variance in blood pressure. These two indices alone accounted for 94.5% and 89.0% of the variance in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, only 5.5% and 11.0% of the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were explained by all other variables combined. Diet explained less than 1% of the total variance observed for blood pressure for whites, and less than 5% for nonwhites. Select dietary variables such as sodium/potassium ratio, calories from fat, and % saturated fat were not significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated to blood pressure. On the other hand, food calcium, sodium/calcium ratio, food vitamin C, and calcium/phosphorus ratio were significantly correlated to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Role of life-style on plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid profile in gastric cancer patients.

The present study has examined the role of life-style on plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid profile in 25 adult male gastric cancer patients as well as age and sex-matched controls. Total, free and LDH cholesterol were markedly elevated in plasma and erythrocyte membrane whereas HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced in gastric cancer patients. These changes can be attributed to alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking-risk factors in gastric carcinogenesis, associated with low levels of ascorbic acid and vitamin E.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

The relationship of age, gender, and exercise practices to measures of health, life-style, and self-esteem.

A study of 478 adults from a rural-urban region was conducted to determine differences in health and life-style measures based on age, gender, and exercise involvement that would provide data to incorporate in healthy-living programs. Pender's Health Promotion Model provided the framework for the study. Significant results related to age, gender, exercise, and initiation and maintenance of health-promoting practices were found.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Dietary and life-style habits of university students in Poland--empirical study].

The aim of the study was the analysis of selected elements students life styles: nutrition behavior, physical activity, cigarettes smoking, alcohol drinking as a background of coronary diseases development. The respondents (412 persons) were university students: 339 women and 79 men. On an average they were 20 years old. 204 persons were inhabitants of towns, 208--villages and small towns. The interviews were conducted in Warsaw and Olsztyn in 2002. In general, for students non-healthy nutrition behavior were characteristic: non-regular consumption of meals (about 50%)), low frequency vegetables and fruits consumption (about 50%), sporadic fishes consumption (about 40%), preferring butter (35%) and poor physical activity (about 50%). Positive aspects of students nutrition were: preferring of poultry (44%), high frequency of fruit juice and mineral water drinking (about 40%) and sporadic chips and fast-food consumption (about 80%). One can observe differences in regard to the place of living. Pro-healthy behavior were more disseminated among students living in towns. More of them consumed daily vegetables, fruit juices, preferred poultry, did not smoke cigarettes and were physically active in comparison with students living in villages and small towns. General conclusions: there is a necessity to create programmers of health education at universities.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

A prospective study of health, life-style and psychosocial predictors of self-rated health.

The aim of this study was to investigate what psychosocial predictors, life-style factors and health behaviors in early adulthood are of importance for self-ratings of health after the age of 45. Like-sexed adult twins born 1926-1950 (n = 16,080) from the Swedish Twin Registry that participated in a questionnaire in 1973 and in a telephone interview conducted between 1998 and 2002 were included. Exposure data was collected in 1973 and information on self-rated health and covariates was collected at the second contact 25 years later. Logistic regression using Generalized Estimating Equations was used to evaluate the associations. Conditional logistic regression was used to control for familial and genetic effects in the sample. Pain, lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, unemployment, perceived stress and personality are associated with future poor self-rated health, after controlling for age, sex, illness, education and socio-economic status. Familial and genetic effects influence the associations between recurrent headache, exercise, obesity, and poor self-rated health. Overall, these findings provide support for long-term effects of health behavior and psychosocial risk factors on poor self-ratings of health, beyond the influence of obvious health consequences such as disorders or illnesses. Genetic and familial factors are of importance only for some of these associations.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Catecholamine excretion rates in relation to life-styles in the male population of Otmoor, Oxfordshire.

The paper gives the results of the number of analyses of aspects of life-style and dietary patterns of members of the Otmoor population, in relation to their catecholamine excretion rates. The data reported here are restricted to males. Feelings of boredom were associated with low adrenaline excretion rates. Reported physical tiredness was associated with low adrenaline levels, while mental tiredness seems to be related to high adrenaline levels. People who regarded themselves as having a competitive personality, as being faced by a large number of life challenges, as having to meet self-set deadlines, as choosing to focus on more than one task at the same time, or as being under time pressure had high rates. Cigarette smoking and coffee consumption were related to high adrenaline excretion rates. Taken together these variables can explain 16-20% of variance in adrenaline excretion. Smoking and coffee consumption are of primary importance. The results of similar analyses of noradrenaline are reported.

Boredom↗

PubMed1990

Drug use and life style among college undergraduates in 1989: a comparison with 1969 and 1978.

The authors conducted anonymous questionnaire studies of drug use and life style among college seniors at the same institution in 1969, 1978, and 1989. The 1989 group of students reported strikingly lower frequencies of virtually all forms of drug use than their counterparts in 1969 and 1978. As in 1969 and 1978, the drug users among the 1989 group were indistinguishable from nonusers in grades, athletic activities, other college activities, and feelings of alienation. Only visits to a psychiatrist and sexual activity distinguished users from nonusers.

Educational Status↗

PubMed1998

Life-style factors associated with changes in serum lipids in a follow-up study of cardiovascular risk factors.

We studied some life-style characteristics that may predict changes in total serum cholesterol and cholesterol bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol) in a sample of 980 healthy Spanish employees of both sexes who were followed for three years. All workers participated in a multifactorial program aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease. Linear regression models were fitted with changes in total and HDL-cholesterol as the dependent variables, after eliminating variability due to the influence of basal values. The association between lifestyle factors and lipid changes was controlled for dietary modifications. In the multivariate analysis, decreases in body mass index, and in alcohol consumption were associated with significant reductions in total serum cholesterol. Maintaining sports at post-test or starting to practice them in the interim was also significantly and independently associated with favourable changes in serum cholesterol. Leisure-time exercise (p = 0.002) and giving up smoking (p = 0.06) were each associated with increased HDL-cholesterol.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Association of dietary and life-style factors with sex hormones in postmenopausal women.

We examined the relations between endogenous sex hormones and alcohol intake, dietary constituents, and life-style factors in a population-based sample of 253 postmenopausal women not using replacement hormones. Estrone, dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and free and total testosterone were measured in serum. Age and years since menopause were negatively associated with dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate and positively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin levels. Higher relative weight was strongly and negatively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin. Other factors were only very weakly associated with sex hormones. Since, except for weight, few potentially modifiable factors appear to influence these hormone profiles, it may be that behaviors earlier in life mediate hormone levels and subsequent disease risk.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

A longitudinal study of the relationship between attributional style, life events, and depression in Japanese undergraduates.

A longitudinal design was used to investigate the relationship between attributional style, life events, and depression in Japanese undergraduates. The 1st hypothesis tested was that among those experiencing negative events, the students with a depressogenic attributional style would be more depressed than those with a nondepressogenic attributional style. The 2nd hypothesis tested was that among those experiencing positive events, the students with an enhancing attributional style would be less depressed than those with a nonenhancing attributional style. A total of 143 undergraduates responded to a depression scale, a life event questionnaire, and an attributional style questionnaire. The results, which generally supported the hypotheses, may reflect cultural differences between Japan and the United States.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[New housing and life styles for the aged. Aging in a residential community].

The decision to share a flat and live in community for old people marks the step into a new, unfamiliar life situation. Long-fostered outlooks and attitudes have to be reconsidered and perhaps modified. Living in community requires such vital qualities as self-reflexion and empathy. The new life-style may be cumbersome, often confusing; on the other hand, it strips aging of its character of waning life-time. It renders the later years a proper phase of life offering its own chances.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A study of the path diagram of the relationship between life style, mental health and psychosocial factors of nurses working at hospitals in Japan].

We conducted a study of 1,143 nurses working at hospitals in the southern part of Ibaraki prefecture in Japan to clarify the path diagram of the relationship between life style, mental health and psychosocial factors. General health questionnaire, life practice index, social support, number of night shifts and perceived health-status were used in this study. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and path analysis. The results are as follows: 1) The path analysis showed that General health questionnaire was directly affected by perceived health-status and social support. 2) General health questionnaire was directly and indirectly affected by Life practice index and social support. 3) Social support and number of night shifts were indirectly affected the General health questionnaire through the perceived health-status.

Health Status↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Health and life style of families among various social groups of the population with young children].

Presents the results of a sociohygienic study of the health status, life style and conditions of 900 families belonging to different social groups (workers, employees, and mixed) with young children. The principal risk factors for children's health are chronic diseases and adverse occupational factors of their parents, poor microclimate in the family, and poor education of their mothers. Medicosocial requirements of workers' families are a priority problem.

Child Welfare↗

PubMed1986

Health awareness and life-style practices of employees in extended-care facilities.

From six extended-care facilities, 306 employees responded to a questionnaire on perceived life-style. Most respondents were female, married, and under age 35. The majority had had recent blood pressure checks, seldom missed work because of infections, made time for leisure activities, and felt secure in their jobs. Overall, the percentage of smokers was slightly below the national average, but 45% of the technical employees smoked. Perception of overweight and skipped meals increased with level of education. Consumption of fried foods and sweets decreased with the level of education while fiber intake increased. More skilled and technical employees than professional employees consumed milk products. Less than half of any employee group consumed excessive amounts of coffee or colas. Few study participants consumed alcohol. Very few members of any group consumed meals away from home five or more times per week. Less than half of all employees believed that they received enough exercise; one-third or less exercised regularly. A greater percentage of technical employees than of the other two employee groups expressed interest in improving health through physical fitness and class sessions.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Prevalence of gallstone disease in a Swedish population sample. Relations to occupation, childbirth, health status, life style, medications, and blood lipids.

BACKGROUND: There are only a few Swedish studies on the prevalence of gallstone disease in selected age groups, and none including possible risk factors. METHODS: Of a population sample of 1200 individuals (age, 35-85 years), 857 participated in the study. The study subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire about potential risk factors (occupation, childbirth, life style, and so forth), symptoms, and quality of life. Cholecystectomy had previously been done in 115 subjects, leaving 742 for ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. RESULTS: The prevalence of gallstone disease increased with age, and at 75 years or more, 53% of the women and 32% of the men either had gallstones or had previously undergone cholecystectomy (32% and 13%, respectively). When comparing subjects with and without gallstones, there were no differences with regard to any variable, including blood lipid levels. The odds ratio of previous cholecystectomy was increased in subjects with an occupation requiring no specific education and reduced in subjects using wine or spirits every week. The odds ratio of abdominal pain was increased after previous cholecystectomy. Women in this group also experienced a lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The age and sex distribution of gallstone disease was in the order of the magnitude seen in other Scandinavian countries. None of the studied variables differed between subjects with and without gallstones. Subjects previously operated on with cholecystectomy did worse with regard to symptoms and quality of life.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[One-year effect of health counseling on life style and risk factors of heart disease].

INTRODUCTION: We examined the need for counselling and the effect on willingness and ability to change life-style, and subsequent changes in risk factors for CHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All 152 male employees in a computer company, 25-45 years of age, were invited to participate in a controlled intervention study over one year. The subjects were randomised to an intervention group (I group) and a control group. The I group was divided into subgroups based on baseline behaviour and risk factor status. Changes were evaluated after one year. After an initial health examination, participants in the I group were counselled at baseline and at 5 months. RESULTS: Eighty-five (56%) men participated. Twenty-nine were assigned to a control group and 56 to an intervention group (I group) (dropouts = 8). An exercise group (E group) was advised to take up aerobics exercise three times/week, a diet group to reduce the intake of saturated fat and increase fish products, and smokers to stop smoking. Forty were recommended one or more behavioural changes and eight had no need. Thirty-four were willing to make behavioural changes. Compared to the control group, the fitness level increased (p < 0.01) and body weight decreased in the I group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Individual counselling promotes regular exercise with subsequent improvements in CHD risk factors. The diet and smoking counselling models were less successful in terms of compliance.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Cardiovascular risk factors and motivation for a healthy life-style in a German community--results of the GP-based Oestringen study.

This paper explores the motivation of patients towards a healthy life-style in a small community with a special general practice and community-based health education program in order to identify reasons for different motivations and barriers and to improve preventive measures and outcome. The last of six standardised health surveys carried out over 9 years in the five general practices was therefore combined with a questionnaire to explore the attitudes of a sample of patients from these practices (N = 1044) and all attendees of 11 health education courses (N = 153). In addition to the cardiovascular risk factors, data were collected on sociodemographic factors and motivations for health promotion. The results show that, over time, the risk factors of hypertension (P < 0.001) and smoking (P < 0.005) had decreased. Health-promoting activities were not associated with cardiovascular risk factors; the motivations "duty" and "staying young" correlated with gender (P < 0.05). Patients with good health and white collar professions were more active. About 20% specified specific barriers to health-related activities. As expected, the participants of an educational program were more highly motivated by "fun", "fitness" and "meaningfulness". This group was mainly female. Future preventive measures should take into account that motivation for health promotion depends more on psychosocial factors than on risk factors; frequent obstacles should be noticed in the community.

Attitude to Health↗