SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Lung function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Pulmonary surfactant, lung function, and endobronchial inflammation in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is primarily a disease of the small airways. We hypothesized that even in patients with normal lung function, a reduced surfactant function would be present and favor small airway obstruction. Bronchoalveolar lavages from 76 patients with CF (5-31 years, median 11) with well-conserved lung function (FEV1 94% predicted, range 78-121) and from 10 healthy control subjects were investigated. The deviation of the biophysical surfactant performance from normal, assessed in a bubble surfactometer, was small; however, the ability of the surfactant to maintain the patency of a narrow airway (% open) was significantly reduced. Surfactant protein (SP)-C level was increased, SP-B and SP-D were unchanged, whereas SP-A was decreased. Among the patients with CF, neutrophilic inflammation was modestly related to a poorer surfactant activity, but not to lung function. SP-D was reduced in proportion to the degree of inflammation and in the presence of bacteria. These findings in a large cohort of patients with CF with normal lung function show that the endobronchial airway inflammation is linked to early perturbations of the biophysical properties and immunologic components of pulmonary surfactant and opens fields for novel therapeutic interventions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Improved lung function and quality of life following increased elastic recoil after lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema.

Lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema with removal of 20-30% of the most destroyed parts of the lung parenchyma has been reported to improve lung function substantially. Increased elastic recoil has been suggested as one underlying mechanism for the improvement. Fourteen patients, seven men and seven women with a mean age of 62 years, who underwent bilateral lung volume reduction surgery have been followed up for 3 months. We here report the data on quality of life, lung function and elastic recoil. FEV1.0 increased by a mean of 26% from 0.581 to 0.731 (P < 0.01). The mean TLC was reduced by 16% from 8.91 to 7.51 (P < 0.001). The level of hyperinflation decreased as implied by a reduction in the ratio of RV to TLC from 0.70 to 0.60 (P < 0.001). The pulmonary elastic recoil improved, with an increase in the transpulmonary pressure at maximal inspiration (PelTLC) from 0.95 kPa to 1.35 kPa (P < 0.05) and an average increase in the coefficient of retraction PelTLC/TLC) from 0.12 kPa l-1 to 0.19 kPa l-1 (P < 0.01). The resting PaO2 increased from a mean of 8.7 kPa to 9.8 kPa (P < 0.01). The patients reported a high degree of subjective improvement according to the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the working capacity on a bicycle increased by 26% from a mean of 38 W to 48 W (P < 0.01). The promising short-term results of lung volume reduction surgery for severe emphysema appear to be related to improved pulmonary elastic recoil.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Effects of mitral valve surgery on static lung function and exercise performance.

Lung function at rest was assessed in 50 patients before and six months after mitral valve surgery. There were small increases in spirometric volumes (FEV1 and vital capacity) with decreases in total lung capacity and residual volume, but no change in carbon monoxide transfer factor or transfer coefficient (KCO). Progressive exercise tests performed before and after operation in 19 of the patients confirmed an improved exercise capacity after surgery. The patients with the greatest symptomatic improvement in breathlessness were also those who achieved the greatest increase in maximum work load and the greatest decrease in ventilation for a given oxygen consumption. Depression of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram and frequent ventricular ectopic beats on exercise remained common after surgery and may have been due to digoxin treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Association between self-reported childhood socioeconomic position and adult lung function: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study.

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to assess the associations between indicators of early life socioeconomic position and lung function in older adulthood. METHODS: The associations of self-reported indicators of childhood socioeconomic position with adult lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow rate during mid expiration (FEF(25-75)), all measured using standard procedures) were assessed in a cross sectional study of 3641 British women aged 60-79 years. RESULTS: In confounder adjusted analyses, each individual indicator of childhood circumstances was inversely associated with each measure of lung function. In the fully adjusted models (including mutual adjustment for each of the other indicators of childhood socioeconomic circumstances), only childhood occupational social class and access to a car were associated with lung function in adulthood. However, there were strong linear trends of worsening lung function with greater numbers of indicators of childhood poverty (all p values <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood poverty is associated with poorer lung function in women aged 60-79 years. Adverse childhood circumstances that affect both lung growth and development and cardiovascular disease in later life may explain some of the well known associations between poor lung function and cardiovascular disease, or lung function may be an important mediating factor in this association.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A guide to lung function tests.

In patients with respiratory disease, measurement of lung function should be part of the assessment if possible. In the ward, clinic and lung function laboratory there are tests available to examine airflow, lung volume, gas transfer and exercise capacity. These provide information on lung function which may be vital for adequate diagnosis and assessment of the patient.

Blood Gas Analysis↗

PubMed2000

Lung function reference values in Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. II. Prediction equations for plethysmographic lung volumes.

As part of a comprehensive evaluation of lung function in Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents, over a thousand healthy subjects aged 7-19 yr from seven schools were recruited for lung function testing that included spirometry and, in many cases, lung subdivision measurements. Lung function tests were performed using SensorMedics Automated Body Plethysmograph according to published standards. Of these, 551 subjects (219 males), aged 8-19 yr, had satisfactory lung subdivision indices recorded. Analysis for the values of lung subdivisions including total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and functional residual capacity (FRC) demonstrated that standing height and sitting height were the best predictors of lung volumes. After allowing for standing height or sitting height in the regression models for lung volumes, age at examination was the second best parameter, although its inclusion into the equations contributed to less than 1% of explained variance for boys and 3% for girls. These are the first reported data in international literature on reference values for lung subdivisions in Chinese children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Prospective lung function determination using an electronic miniature spirometer for detection of acute obstructive respiratory changes in diving students during occupational diving training].

BACKGROUND: Changes in lung function have been shown in experienced divers. The purpose of this study was to measure the pulmonary function of diving trainees who were not exposed to a hyperbaric environment before. METHODS: We measured the lung function in a sample of fifteen randomized selected young healthy non-smoking diving trainees parallel to fourteen open water dives. Five subjects used common compressed air diving apparatuses (breathing gas: 21% O2/78% N2) and ten subjects used closed circuit diving apparatuses (breathing gas compositions depended to the diving depths; 24 m: 60% O2/40% N2, 42 m: 40% O2/60% N2, 54 m: 32.5% O2/67.5% N2). The values (FVC, FEV1, PEF, MEF 25, MEF 50, MEF 75) were obtained by an electronic miniature-spirometer directly before descent, upon surfacing, and after one hour and four hours. RESULTS: The lung function values of the subjects who used compressed air showed no relevant impairment of lung function after the diving exposures. Significant (p < 0.05) post dive lung function reductions (FVC, FEV1, PEF, MEF 25, MEF 50, MEF 75), were evident in subjects using closed circuit diving apparatuses, after deep dives and shallow water dives. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased lung function of the used diving apparatuses. The impaired lung functions in subjects using closed circuit diving apparatuses may be induced by a subclinical lung edema generated by pressure differences between breathing gas and thorax tissues as well as the influences of soda-lime dust. Compared to compressed air diving the significantly increased oxygen partial pressures (p < 0.001) in closed circuit diving apparatuses may be an additional reason for the reversible airway obstructions.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Influences of asthma and household environment on lung function in children and adolescents: the third national health and nutrition examination survey.

The authors examined influences of asthma and household environment (passive smoking, use of a gas stove, and having a dog or cat) on five measures of spirometric lung function among 8- to 16-year-old subjects, as measured cross-sectionally in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988-1994). In regression models, independent variables included asthma status, household environmental factors, age, and anthropometric measurements. Regression analyses were weighted by the NHANES III examination sample weighting factor, and results were adjusted for clustering in the sampling design. There were distinct sex differences in the results. In girls, lung function was lowest among active asthmatics taking prescription respiratory medicine, whereas lung function in other active and inactive asthmatics did not differ greatly from that in nonasthmatics. In boys, however, all groups of asthmatics had substantially lower lung function than nonasthmatics. Differences in lung function between active asthmatics and nonasthmatics were stable with increasing age. However, the lung function of inactive asthmatic girls and boys returned to and diverged from nonasthmatics' levels, respectively. In asthmatic girls, passive smoking was associated with reduced lung function; having a dog or cat was associated with increased lung function; and gas stove use was associated with reduced lung function among subjects not taking prescription respiratory medicine.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[Lung function and normal values].

Interindividual derived predicted values of lung function are not suitable for detection of early changes of lung function. Intraindividual values show variability, which should be considered. Many of the very common obstructive lung diseases start with small variations of the individual values of lung function, long time before clinical manifestation takes place. Followup of the most useful measurements (FEV1, MEF 50%, Rt und IGV%) show reliable early changes, important for preventive therapeutic intervention. Strong variability of the individual values argue for hyperreagibility of the airways, even as a risk factor for manifestation of obstructive airway diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Correlation of roentgen picture and lung function testing within the scope of silicosis evaluation].

The chest roentgenograms codified according to the 1980 ILO classification and the lung function tests of 100 persons with silicosis have been compared with each other. The results show that, with a higher degree of dissemination and a growing size of nodes, there is a statistically significant tendency to increasing gravity of pathological results of resistance and the arterial blood gas analysis. A correlation between the degree of dissemination and the size of nodes to other lung function parameters (vital capacity, intrathoracic gas volume) cannot be finally established. Furthermore, neither coding as category B nor the employment of the symbols em (emphysema) and tb (tuberculosis) allow conclusions to be drawn about the results of lung function tests. The poor correlation is caused on one hand by the insufficient description of the morphological parameters important for function, due to the restricted classification. On the other hand there is little correlation between chest roentgenogram and lung function, as lung function in anthracosis is essentially influenced by obstructive bronchitis, which has only a loose connection with silicosis.--Lung function must be the central point in the process of forming an opinion. Chest roentgenograms are important for clarifying the causes of pathological changes and allow a simple observation of progress.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A multivariate study of some lung function tests at different age groups in healthy Indian males.

Considerable attempts have been made to study the changes in lung function in man in different age groups using univariate statistical techniques in which the lung function tests were assumed to be independent of each other. Actually the lung function tests are well correlated with each other and, thus, the inferences drawn on the basis of univariate statistical analysis may be misleading due to the violation of the assumption of independence. On the other hand, simultaneous changes in lung function in man in different age groups cannot be tested using univariate statistical techniques. Keeping in view such shortcomings of the univariate statistical techniques, an attempt has been made in the present investigation to study simultaneous changes in some lung function tests [viz. vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume for one second (FEV1), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory capacity (IC) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)] at different age groups (viz. 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, 56-60 and 61-70 years) in healthy Indian males using multivariate statistical techniques (viz. Wilks' statistic (A) and Mahalanobis' D2 statistic) for drawing valid statistical inferences. It is concluded that remarkable significant changes take place in lung function after the age of forty years.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Assessment of reliability of lung function screening programs or longitudinal studies.

The aim was to determine reliability of lung function measurements performed according to recommendations of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) at a screening program in a large South African gold mine and to determine the usefulness of the reliability coefficient G for monitoring the reliability of lung function measurements in a mass screening program. The reliability coefficient G estimates the amount of random error of measurement, relative to the total variation in a measurement. The coefficient G was calculated as a correlation coefficient between two consecutive lung function tests performed within 6 mo, over a period of 43 mo on 3,378 miners. There was significant temporal variability in the reliability. For FEV(1), the coefficient G showed increased variability over the first 5 mo and stabilized at a value of 0.93 for the next 23 mo, after which it systematically declined over the next 15 mo. We estimated that in a large screening program, an optimal sample size of around 900 miners, examined randomly throughout the year, on a yearly basis, would provide a sufficient sample to examine monthly or quarterly fluctuation in the reliability. The value of the reliability coefficient G did not change when the time between two consecutive tests increased up to 15 mo. In conclusion, monitoring of lung function reliability in a screening program by the reliability coefficient G should improve data quality, and provide a measure on which the confidence in a decision-making process could be based when examining temporal changes in lung function for individual subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Lung function reference values in Singaporean children aged 6-18 years.

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to produce reference values of lung function in Chinese children and a means of calculating adjusted standard deviation scores of lung function for Malay and Indian ethnic groups. METHODS: A cross sectional study of lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity) measured with a Jaeger spirometer was performed in a representative sample of Singaporean children made up of 1403 Chinese, 335 Malays, and 206 Indians. RESULTS: The relation between natural logarithms of lung function and height was approximately linear until 150 cm in boys and 140 cm in girls. At these heights there were abrupt changes in the gradients of both lines. Separate regression lines were derived for heights above and below these inflection points. Significant differences in lung function were seen in Chinese compared with Malay and Indian children. In particular, values were considerably lower among Indian boys. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between lung function and height in Chinese children is best described by two regression equations over separate height ranges. Information is provided for the calculation of reference values and standard deviation scores, together with the correction factors that need to be applied to derive these values in Malay and Indian children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 on lung function in asthmatic families.

RATIONALE: Previous data have suggested that glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genotypes are important in determining the rate of lung function growth in childhood. This effect was most marked in Caucasian children with asthma. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of lung function with GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genotypes in Caucasian families with asthma. METHODS: Four hundred and eighteen children and 316 parents from 224 Caucasian families were recruited via a child with asthma, the proband. Associations between lung function and GST genotype were determined using multilevel models. RESULTS: There were no observed associations between lung function and GST genotype in parents. However, in the children, the GSTP1 val(105)/val(105) and GSTM1 null genotypes were associated with significantly higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and FVC values as percentage of predicted. This effect was not statistically significant in the probands but was marked in their siblings in whom GSTP1 val(105)/val(105) was associated with 9.4% higher FEV(1) and 10.7% higher FVC (P=0.005 and 0.001, respectively). The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a 6.7% higher FEV(1) and 4.1% higher FVC (P=0.003 and 0.063, respectively). These effects remained significant after correcting for the confounders of individual atopic status, tobacco smoke exposure and familial aggregation of lung function values. CONCLUSIONS: GSTM1 and GSTP1 genotypes are important determinants of lung function in childhood. The smaller differences seen in probands are predicted by a simple model in which more rapid decline in lung function is seen in these individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Impaired lung function in patients with IgA deficiency and low levels of IgG2 or IgG3.

We examined the relation between serum levels of IgG subclasses and lung function, as determined by spirometry, lung volumes, the single-breath nitrogen test, and static recoil pressures, in 29 patients with IgA deficiency and repeated upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Four of the patients had decreased levels of IgG2, and two had decreased levels of IgG3. Two or more lung-function values were abnormal in each of these six patients and also in three others with normal levels of IgG subclasses. Low levels of IgG2 and IgG3 were significantly related to abnormal lung function (P less than 0.01). The 20 patients with normal lung function all had IgG-subclass levels above the lower range. There may be a causal relation between low levels of IgG subclasses and deterioration in lung function, suggesting that patients with combined IgA and IgG-subclass deficiencies may benefit from immunoglobulin prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lung function in Gypsies in Greece.

The relationship between lung function and smoking and dietary habits was examined in 121 Gypsies (62 males, 59 females) who were 14-70 y of age and who lived in Greece. All were examined clinically, after which they all participated in spirometry tests. Half of the study group had abnormal (< 80% of predicted) forced vital capacity, 36.4% had abnormal (< 80% of predicted) forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and 5% had serious lung function disturbances (forced vital capacity < 50% of predicted). Approximately 70% of subjects were smokers, and their diets were rich in alcohol and meat; they ate very few salads and oranges. Consequently, decreased lung function might be a major health problem in Gypsies in Greece. Organization of preventive health strategies should improve the overall health of this study group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but not in lung function and bronchial responsiveness in swine confinement workers.

Testing of lung function and bronchial reactivity, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and a skin prick test with a standard panel and six "swine" extracts obtained from swine and swine environment were performed in 20 randomly selected nonsmoking swine confinement workers. In addition, blood samples for detection of antibodies by the diffusion in gel-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) technique and precipitating antibodies were drawn. Air samples for measurement of dust and endotoxin levels were collected. All the farmers regarded themselves as healthy. The results were compared with reference groups consisting of urban nonsmoking subjects who had not been exposed to pig farming environment. The pig farmers had normal lung function and the bronchial reactivity was not different from the reference group. In the BAL fluid of the farmers, the concentration of total cells and granulocytes was increased while the concentrations of lymphocytes and macrophages were normal. The BAL fluid concentrations of albumin, fibronectin, and hyaluronan were elevated in the farmers. Skin prick tests with swine extracts were negative in all farmers. Antibodies (assessed by DIG-ELISA) against swine dander, swine dust, and pig feed were increased and precipitating antibodies against swine dander were found in 14, against pig food in five, and against swine confinement dust in three of the 20 pig farmers. The concentration of airborne total dust was 7.4 mg/cu mm and the endotoxin concentration was 37 (22 to 60) ng/cu mm during tending the pigs and increased, during feeding, to 13.8 mg/cu mm and 315 (194 to 716) ng/cu mm, respectively. There was no correlation between exposure and lung function or lavage findings. In conclusion, randomly selected pig farmers had signs of airway inflammatory reaction and activation of the immune system without alteration in lung function and bronchial reactivity.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Regional and total lung function studies in patients with hemidiaphragmatic paralysis.

Global and regional lung function were studied in 17 subjects with hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. Global lung function (VC, MVV, and FEV1) in the sitting postion was reduced by an average of about 25%. Regional lung function data in the same position showed a considerable decrease in perfusion (19%), ventilation (20%), and lung volume (7%) of the diseased side as compared to reference values obtained in healthy volunteers. Compared to the partition of function in the supine, the perfusion of the affected lung increased when it was lowermost in the lateral decubitus postion, while regional FRC decreased and ventilation changed little. When uppermost, perfusion and ventilation of the affected lung decreased while FRCr increased somewhat. The arterial oxygen tension was significantly below normal in the supine position but in the normal range in the sitting position. It increased further during exercise. Bronchography showed compression of the basal lung segments on the affected side in the erect, and kinking and obliteration of lower lobe bronchi in the supine position and still more when the lung was lowermost in the lateral decubitus position.

Activities of Daily Living↗