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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Three dimensional shape measurement of teeth (Part 2). The accuracy of the three dimensional measurement using a laser displacement meter].

The three dimensional shape measurement system of teeth was improved. The system was assembled by using a high precision laser displacement meter and computer controlled scanning machine (CAMM-3). At the fissure of the occlusal plane, the abnormal data caused by multiple scattering of the reflected beam were observed, but they were dissolved by painting the stone model teeth gray and measured by using a laser displacement meter of MD-40 type with a short measurement length. Another error observed when the reflected beam was shielded by the model tooth itself, was corrected by connecting some data which were measured by rotating the teeth model on the gonio stage. A software program was composed to connect the data. The accuracy of measurement of this system was examined on the slope of a 7 abutment tooth. When the model teeth were measured without tilting, the difference between the true value and the measured value was -240 microns (-2.8%). However, by tilting the model teeth +/- 20 degrees on the gonio stage and connecting a couple of data obtained with two tilting angles by means of the software program, the difference was considerably decreased into + 10 microns and the accuracy was + 0.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Lasers↗
PubMed1983

Accurate measurements of the lower leg length and the ulnar length and its application in short term growth measurement.

A new method of lower leg measurement for the determination of endochondral growth has been described quite different from the techniques commonly utilized. Endochondral growth of the lower leg can now be detected after one week (in provided case) the growth is at least 0.15 mm. The results of the lower leg measurement were compared with those of the ulnar length measurements in a four months lasting longitudinal growth study on twenty-one normal growing children. It appeared that the new lower leg length measuring technique with a margin of error in hundreds of millimeters is even more sensitive than the ulnar length measuring technique and a substantial improvement to conventional measuring methods in which the error fault is commonly expressed in millimeters. The new technique is especially suited for the assessment of short term growth in children whose ulnar length can not be measured accurately enough. Short term growth can now be followed in children from about the age of two years without using X-rays. This new technique permits: 1. Short term growth studies; 2. Studies of drug effects on tibia in single individuals within short time intervals; 3. Comparison of the growth in length of the lower leg and the ulna within time intervals as short as three weeks. 4. Studies in biorhythms of the lower leg length.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of drug efficacy using home self-blood pressure measurement: the SMART study. Self Measurement for the Assessment of the Response to Trandolapril.

UNLABELLED: The SMART study (Self Measurement for the Assessment of the Response to Trandolapril) was a large scale trial conducted by general practitioners in order to assess the informative value of home self-measured blood pressure (BP) for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention. After a 2-week wash-out period, patients with office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95 and 120 mm Hg received trandolapril, 2 mg once daily for 4 weeks. Four days of self-recorded BP were performed both at the end of the wash-out period and at the end of the treatment period with an automatic printerequipped device using the oscillometric method (A&D UA 751). Every day, a series of three consecutive measurements was planned in the morning before drug intake and repeated in the evening. A total of 1710 patients (946 men, 764 women) aged 56 +/- 11 entered the study. In the 816 patients who correctly performed self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) during both periods and followed the protocol schedule, office BP (SBP/DBP) decreased from 166.4 +/- 15/101.4 +/- 6 mm Hg to 144.7 +/- 14/86.1 +/- 8 mm Hg while SMBP decreased from 153 +/- 18/94 +/- 10 mm Hg to 139 +/- 16/85 +/- 10 mm Hg. A weak correlation was found between the two methods with regard to systolic (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001) and diastolic (r = 0.36, P < 0.0001) BP lowering. Individual response to therapy varied between the two methods: 633 patients (77.6%) exhibited at least a 10 mm Hg office DBP decrease while 493 (60.4%) presented at least a 6 mm Hg self measured DBP decrease in the evening; 65% of patients were considered as responders with both methods. The 24-h therapeutic coverage was assessed by the morning to evening BP decrease ratio (M/E ratio) which represents the ratio of the trough effect to the 12-h post dosing efficacy. Both population and individual M/E ratios ranged between 73% and 86% thus confirming the long duration of action of trandolapril. IN CONCLUSION: (1) discrepancies between office and self-measured BP evaluation of therapeutic response have been pointed out: agreement between the two methods is obtained in only 65% of patients, mainly due to intra-individual BP variability and recording conditions; and (2) self-measured BP could be a potential tool to explore the 24-h therapeutic coverage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The measurement of social class in health studies: old measures and new formulations.

The measurement of socioeconomic status (SES) is a serious matter that requires us to think more precisely about both conceptual issues and issues more traditionally thought of as measurement issues. Progress in this area rests on our ability to identify those aspects of SES that are most closely related to health, human development, and life expectancy. In this chapter we review measures of SES based on characteristics of the individual as well as on characteristics of the environment or more ecologically based measures. Each of these types of SES measures has strengths and weaknesses and in all likelihood taps somewhat different aspects of class. In measuring SES across diverse populations, it is also crucial to be sensitive to the ways in which measurement varies across different cultural, ethnic and demographic groups. It is likely that as we conduct more refined research in this area we will understand more fully why SES is so profoundly related to health status. However, so as to understand this relationship, we will need to expand efforts to identify not only those psychosocial or biological processes that occur 'downstream' as a result of SES but also the nature of the social experience itself and those 'upstream' forces that place so many individuals at risk.

Culture↗
PubMed1998

[Accuracy of measuring nitric oxide by the chemiluminescence: effect of measuring chamber pressure].

There are two ways of measuring nitric oxide (NO) by chemiluminescence; one reduces pressure in the NO reaction chamber, and the other does not. Devices with a reduced pressure chamber tend to be more accurate, but can be bulky and cumbersome to use. Devices without reduced pressure chamber can be useful because of their smaller size and short warm-up time. We compared the accuracy of two methods by measuring delivered gas concentrations after changing ventilatory parameters. The values of nitric dioxide (NO2) measured varied more widely than those of NO. NO2 measurements were particularly variable with changes in humidity. We consider the accuracy of NO measured by the chemiluminescence devices to be accurate for clinical monitor, but the accuracy of NO2 measurement must be improved to make NO therapy safer.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging measurements of abdominal aortic aneurysms with measurements obtained by other imaging techniques and intraoperative measurements: possible implications for endovascular grafting.

PURPOSE: Abdominal aortic aneurysm morphologic evaluation with conventional imaging techniques is inadequate when endovascular repair is being contemplated. This study has addressed the problem with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Twenty patients (14 men, 6 women) with a median age of 73 years were recruited and assessed according to current endovascular graft selection criteria. Thirteen patients subsequently underwent open aneurysmorrhaphy, and the intraoperative parameters have been compared with those of duplex ultrasonography and MRI. RESULTS: No significant difference was demonstrated in the diameter of the infrarenal neck among ultrasonography, MRI, and intraoperative findings (p > 0.05, Mann Whitney U Test) and also during assessment of infrarenal neck length; however, duplex sonography accurately defined the renal ostia in only five cases. MRI visualized 38 of 40 renal arteries. Distal aortic involvement (cuff diameter and length) and the length and diameter of the common iliac arteries were accurately determined by MRI in all cases, and no significant difference was demonstrated with the intraoperative findings. Comparison of the intraoperative and MRI aneurysm lengths suggested a slight trend of overestimation by MRI resulting from angulation of the aneurysm, but this figure did not reach statistical significance. Only two patients met the current criteria for endoluminal straight grafting. CONCLUSIONS: Both MRI and duplex sonography accurately predicted aortic morphologic characteristics; however, MRI provided the most comprehensive anatomic picture for patient selection and should be considered the nonionizing imaging modality of choice when an endovascular repair is being contemplated.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Measuring psychosocial work quality and health: development of health care measures of measurement.

Demands on workload and work efficiency have increased because of ongoing global changes in health care organizations. Assessing and evaluating effects of changes on organizational and individual well-being require valid and reliable methods. Questionnaires from 3 large health care studies were used to develop instruments for work quality and health. Variable fields of work quality, health and well-being, and modifying factors were factor analyzed with replicated structures in new samples, including 6 factors of work quality, 5 health factors, and 2 modifying factors. All except 2 factors had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .69-.84) and low factor intercorrelations within areas. Social climate (but not individual resources) had, according to our model, a modifying effect on the work-health interaction.

Adult↗