SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The use of the pectoralis major muscle only flap in conjunction with a free iliac crest bone graft for reconstruction of the mandible is described. These flaps were raised in 20 cadavers and found to be of consistently adequate length to be used as described.
The authors report a presumably unusual bony attachment of the pectoralis minor muscle in an adult cadaver. The specimen's left pectoralis minor had no attachment to the coracoid process of the scapula but attached directly to the fibrous capsule of the glenohumeral joint. Some have theorized that the coracohumeral ligament represents fibers of the pectoralis minor that attach to this bone in some animals but that has degenerated in man. This case report seems to support this possibility.
Nine athletes (men, 22 to 40 years old) who sustained tears of the pectoralis major muscle are described. Four were treated by the authors and five patients' cases were reviewed from records of orthopaedic surgeons for the National Football League. Eight of the nine patients sustained tears from excessive tension; one was involved in an automobile accident and sustained a direct blow. Five patients were treated conservatively and obtained good results (normal range of motion, mild pain, and weakness). They agreed that they could not return to their previous athletic functional ability. The other four were treated surgically and obtained excellent results (normal range of motion, excellent strength). They were able to return to vigorous athletic performance.
Two accessory fibrous bands arising from the posterior aspect near the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle were found to attach to the brachial fascia at the posterior arm region. Those bands were in intimate contact with the median nerve, brachial veins and its branches. They were thought to be remnants of the distal origin of the pectoralis major muscle. The impact of those fascial bands in the compression syndromes of the upper extremity and in the surgical operations directed to the fossa axillaris were discussed.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
An extensive review of the literature suggests that ours is the first case of encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a skeletal muscle. A 43-year-old man underwent thymothymectomy for encapsulated Masaoka's stage I thymoma. Four years after complete resection, the tumor metastasized to the left pectoralis major muscle. Although a few reports exist on encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a distant site, the literature does not describe encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a skeletal muscle insofar as we could find.
While the existence of post-hatch and adult myosin heavy chain isoforms in the large, avian type IIB pectoralis major muscle has been clearly established, the number and nature of fast myosin heavy chains during in ovo development and the perihatch period have not been resolved. In the present study, developmental fast heavy chain proteins purified by high resolution anion-exchange have been characterized by sequence analysis of a unique CNBr peptide and by complementary mRNA analysis. The four proteins present at 15/16 days in ovo are shown to differ uniquely in primary structure. They correlate with heavy chains II, IV, VI and VII, characterized recently as major or minor species in adult fast muscles using similar methods. These four heavy chains are expressed in a time-dependent fashion from 8 to 16 days in ovo. At the mRNA level, heavy chain VI predominates until 12 days in ovo. Heavy chain IV mRNA is upregulated dramatically at 16 days in ovo preparatory to its protein's predominance in the peri-hatch period. Heavy chains II, IV and V (the post-hatch isoform which replaces heavy chain IV) have major roles in adult fast muscles.
Four cDNA clones, encoding the chicken adult sarcomeric MyHC, have been isolated from a pectoralis major muscle cDNA library using gene-specific DNA probes. These clones were sequenced and then subcloned into a full-length, 6-kb, chicken adult sarcomeric MyHC cDNA. The entire cDNA consists of 5873 nucleotides with 19 bp 5'-untranslated region and 34 bp 3'-untranslated region. The complete cDNA encodes a 1939-aa polypeptide whose molecular weight is 223 kDa. The calculated isoelectric point of this protein is approximately 5.7. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence and comparison with a previously published amino-acid sequence of the same MyHC isoform reveals that six amino acid residues are different. Hydrophilicity analysis of this adult MyHC amino-acid sequence shows a similar pattern as the embryonic MyHC. A recombinant baculovirus, carrying this full-length adult MyHC cDNA, has also been generated and expressed in the Sf9 insect cell line. A approximately 220-kDa recombinant MyHC was synthesized and reacted specifically with chicken adult MyHC monoclonal antibodies.
Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that develops most frequently in the extremities. A 68-year-old man presented with a painful mass on the right side of his chest with a 10-year history. Gross findings revealed a mass beneath the pectoralis major muscle. The pathologic findings showed the tumor was predominantly composed of spindle cells the arranged in compact interdigitating fascicles and scattered epithelial nests were seen. A diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made.
Twenty cadaver dissections of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle were carried out to determine the detailed anatomical arrangement of the vascular and nerve supply, with a view to using this muscle as an independent neuromyovascular unit in the treatment of established facial palsy. In all dissections, the muscle was found to have an independent nerve and vascular supply. A clinical case is reported with anatomical description and essential details of the operative technique. The ideal neuromyovascular unit is briefly described and the advantages of the pectoralis major for this use are illustrated. It is emphasized that limiting the goals of free muscle transfer to reanimation of the lower facial musculature will produce the most satisfactory results.
1. The influence of different rates of wing flapping on the rate of post-mortem glycolysis in the Pectoralis major (PMI) muscles of commercially-processed broilers was investigated. This was achieved by applying 300 pulses of low voltage electrical stimulation (ES) shortly after slaughter at various frequencies and pulse widths. The rate of post-mortem glycolysis was assessed by measuring muscle pH values at 20 min post mortem (pH(20 min)). 2. ES gave a mean pH(20 min) value of 6.01, significantly lower than that of the control carcases which had a mean value of 6.45. Within ES treatments, variation in pulse frequency between 1/s and 10/s and in pulse width from 5 to 20 ms had no influence on pH(20 min) values as measured by direct probe. However, differences between mean pH(20 min) values attributable to pulse frequency were detected when measured by the iodoacetate method. 3. A further experiment was carried out to determine how different rates of wing flapping would affect the eating quality of PM muscles from commercially-processed broilers stored at chill temperatures for 24 h post mortem. This was achieved by using pulse frequencies of 1/s, 5/s and 10/s, all other ES variables being standardised. Pulse frequency had no effect on ultimate pH, sarcomere length, cooking loss or tenderness of PM muscle compared to controls. 4. We concluded that the rate of wing flapping post-slaughter has no effect, per se, on the extent of post-mortem glycolysis in broiler PM muscle or on its subsequent meat quality assessed after holding the carcases under chill storage conditions for 24 h.
Two rare cases of subtotal aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle, a residual anomalous formation inserted abnormally into the medial humeral condyle, are discussed.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
We report the successful coverage of a complete sternal cleft with exposed pericardium using bilateral pectoralis major muscle flaps in a newborn. The patient was transferred to our institution with nearly complete sternal aplasia, rectus diastasis, and only dessicated pericardium covering the visible heart. Complete closure without compromise of cardiac function was achieved at 2 days of age with bilateral pectoralis major muscle flaps and fasciocutaneous advancement flaps.
Rupture of pectoralis major tendon is a rare lesion, often undiagnosed. We present 2 cases of complete rupture and one case of partial rupture. The 2 complete ruptures were treated surgically with, at follow up, a normally strong, painless shoulder and improved esthetics. The partial rupture remained nearly asymptomatic after conservative treatment. We recommend surgical repair of pectoralis major rupture, a lesion that remains symptomatic in the long term. Surgery should be done early, late repairs being technically more difficult and esthetic result less convincing.
Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against the myosin heavy chain (MHC) of adult chicken pectoralis muscle have been tested for reactivity with pectoralis myosin at selected stages of chick development in vivo and in vitro. Three such McAbs, MF 20 and MF 14, which bind to light meromyosin, and MF 30, which binds to myosin subfragment two (S2), were used to assay the appearance and accumulation of specific MHC epitopes with: (a) indirect, solid phase radioimmune assay (RIA), (b) immunoautoradiography, (c) immunofluorescence microscopy. McAb MF 20 bound strongly and equivalently to MHC at all stages of embryonic development in vivo. In contrast, the MF 30 epitope was barely detectable at 12 d of incubation but its concentration rose rapidly just before hatching. No detectable binding of MF 14 to pectoralis myosin could be measured during myogenesis in vivo until 1 wk after hatching. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that all three epitopes accumulate in the same myocytes of the developing pectoralis muscle. Since all three McAbs bound with high activity to native and denatured forms of myosin, it is unlikely that differential antibody reactivity can be explained by conformational changes in myosin during development in vivo. When myogenesis in vitro was monitored using the same McAbs, MF 20 bound to the MHC at all stages tested while reactivity of MF 30 and MF 14 with myosin from cultured muscle was never observed. Thus, this study demonstrates three different immunochemical states of the MHC during development in vivo of chick pectoralis muscle and the absence of later occurring immunochemical transitions in the MHC of cultured embryonic muscle.
During an 11.5-year period, 100 consecutive patients (79 male, 21 female) underwent repair of an infected sternotomy wound. Sixty-five patients had failed attempts at wound closure by other physicians. Median age was 61.5 years (range, 5 to 85 years). Reconstruction included muscle in 79 patients, omentum in 4, and both in 15. A total of 175 muscles were transposed, including 169 pectoralis major, 3 rectus abdominis, 2 external oblique, and 1 latissimus dorsi. Median number of operations was four (range, 1 to 11). Mechanical ventilation was required in 30 patients. Two perioperative deaths occurred, one related to sepsis. Median follow-up was 4.2 years (range, 1.3 to 13.5 years). Twenty-six patients had recurrent infection. Median time from our closure to recurrence was 5.5 months (range, 0.3 to 27.6 months). Cause of recurrence was inadequate removal of cartilage in 16 patients, bone in 6, and retained foreign body in 4. Eighteen patients had the wound reopened with further resection; 10 had another muscle or omentum transposition. There were 30 late deaths, only one related to recurrent infection. At the time of death or last follow-up, 92 patients had a healed chest wall. Transposition of the pectoralis major muscle remains an excellent method of management for infected sternotomy wounds. Failure is directly related to persistent infection of cartilage, bone, or retained foreign bodies.
A 8-year-old boy developed mediastinitis after direct closure of atrial septal defect. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected from the wound. Intermittent wound irrigation with povidone-iodine solution and vancomycin solution was protracted for two months. After the remission of MRSA infection, implantation of pectoralis major muscle flap was performed. Without recurrence of infection the wound was healed completely. Although pectoralis major muscle flap is an effective method of choice for mediastinitis, an appropriate timing of enforcing this method should be investigated hereafter.