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PubMedDate not supplied

[Reactions and psychic disorders in Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease. Clinical and psychological approach; application of a scale of aggressive behavior to the mental profile].

35 cases of sarcoïdosis were studied at the onset of the disease. 25 cases of important or deep anxiety were recorded. None of them was correlated nor with organic lesions or medical seriousness, neither with psychopathic background, previous mental illness or treatment by corticoidic drugs. All patients were submitted to the Rorschach test, the self-assessment test of Catell, the Rosenzweig picture frustration test and the agressiveness rating scale test (L.-F. Gayral). It appears that, by comparison with three control groups: A) without sarcoïdosis but with another pulmonary disease, B) "normal", C) psychopathic personality. There is not a mental type profile for the patients with sarcoïdosis. Anxiety or/and with depression, or agressiveness are more important and frequent in patients not treated by corticoïdes than in patient treated. Another conclusion is the necessity to dispense careful psychotherapy to patients with sarcoïdosis, although the case does not require medical treatment. Quite contrary these last patients peculiarly need psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Expert opinion on headache after accidents (author's transl)].

If a patient suffers headaches as a result of cranial trauma, the medical expert must first of all clear up the cause of these subjective complaints. A precise diagnosis of the primary lesion and possible posttraumatic complications is a prerequisite. The differential diagnosis must take into consideration non-traumatic diseases which are also associated with headache. In the majority of cases, non-traumatic factors such as a low level of intelligence, hysterical, hypochondriacal and psychopathic personality structures and the particular conditions of the accident give rise to the development of persistent headaches after cranial injury. Difficulties in estimating the duration of headache due to trauma for the purposes of private accident insurance are pointed out and finally questions of impaired healing conditions (delayed recompensation) and "psychic" pain are dealt with.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychometric evaluation of the Hare Psychopathy Questionnaire in a Belgian prison population].

The PCL-R (Hare, 1991) presents high reliability and validity characteristics. The instrument is the measure of choice for the assessment of psychopathic personality. The PCL-R has never been submitted to psychometric analysis in french speaking european samples. The study examines the psychometric characteristics of the PCL-R on an Belgian prison sample. The study assessed the inter-raters reliability parameters, the Alpha Cronbach coefficient and the PCL-R mean scores. The two correlated factors extracted were compared with those of others European and Nord American samples. The study also described the concomitant validity of the instrument by computing the correlations between the PCL-R scores and the type of offence.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Central stimulants in adults with AD/HD. Can they be abused?].

As early as in 1979, abuse was observed when adults with MBD were treated with psychostimulants. In a study from 1981, five patients (19%) had been stimulated or excited. It was concluded that there was no reason to believe that adults with MBD were immune from stimulant abuse problems. In subsequent studies, it has been the rule to exclude patients who abuse alcohol or drugs. Obviously, there has been agreement that treatment implies a considerable risk of abuse of stimulants. However, nobody has systematically studied the frequency of psychostimulant abuse in subjects with AD/HD with and without abuse of alcohol and drugs, neither during the study nor at follow-up. There has been some attempts at using pemoline, a stimulant which cannot be abused. However, the mental and physical complications have been severe. Some preliminary studies indicate that stimulants can be used to treat alcoholics and substance abusers with concurrent AD/HD. Before such treatment can be recommended, the observations should be confirmed in controlled studies with representative materials, and the patients should be followed over a long period of time. It seems that stimulants are not an appropriate treatment for subjects with psychopathic personality and antisocial behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Borderline personality organization and psychopathic traits in nonclinical adolescents: relationships of identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms and reality testing with callousness and impulsivity traits.

Although psychotherapeutic observation and empirical data suggest a link between borderline and antisocial personality disorder or traits in adolescents, there is no study on the relationships of borderline personality organization (BPO) and psychopathic traits in adolescents. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of structural criteria of (BPO) as assessed by the French version of the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI), with psychopathic traits, as assessed by the French version of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP), in a nonclinical sample of 243 adolescents. Significant correlations were found between the BPI scales of identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, impaired reality testing, and psychopathic traits of callousness and impulsivity, suggesting that BPO may contribute to psychopathic traits in nonforensic, nonclinical adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

An affective syndrome in psychopaths with borderline personality disorder?

A preliminary study of the repetitive mood swings of 72 female psychopaths with a DSM-III diagnosis of borderline personality disorder demonstrated considerable complexity and specificity in what has been previously considered a criterion of personality disorder. A principal-components analysis of the symptom profile for these affective disturbances revealed four factors (anxiety, anger, depression, and tension) which showed individual patterns of association with additional lifetime diagnoses of major mental illness and other personality disorders. The women also had multiple mood-related behavioural disorders, enacted with a feeling of compulsion, which appeared to relieve the original affective symptoms. It is hypothesised that these women could have a distinct affective syndrome that has not previously been described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of psychopathic disorders in young persons].

Experience of many years gained during studies into the clinical picture, the time-course of changes and diagnosis of psychopathies in young men as well as the clinical and catamnestic examinations and investigation of the medical documentation on over 1,000 psychopathic personalities enabled one to discover certain clinical facts and regularities pertaining to the structure of psychopathic reactions, types of psychopathic responses and decompensations, transitory personality disorders, and dynamic (staged) diagnosis. The classification and nomenclature of psychopathies have been specified. The data obtained attest to the necessity of elaborating new approaches to the problem of psychopathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The psychophysiological criteria for assessing the excitable type of psychopathy].

In the excitable psychopaths and persons with some psychopathic traits (Leonard's "accentuated personality") the study was made of a cognitive function of discriminating microintervals and event-related potentials to visual stimuli. A qualitative difference in the accomplishment of the cognitive task between the two groups was found. Disturbances of the cognitive function, learning deficiency and reduction of the P300 wave provide grounds for referring this ""antisocial personality disorder" to pathology of the limbic system of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An adoption and a cross-fostering study of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Psychopathic Deviate Scale.

The first of two complementary studies compared biological and adoptive parents of teenage adoptees with either higher (n = 21) or low (n = 51) MMPI Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) scale scores. In comparison to biological mothers of the low-Pd adoptees, biological mothers of the high-Pd adoptees obtained significantly higher MMPI scores on six of eight clinical scales. Fewer differences existed between the corresponding groups of adoptive mothers, but adoptive mothers of the high Pd's did obtain significantly higher scores on the Pd and Hypomania scales. Substantial genetic correspondences also existed for Harris-Lingoes content subscales, with fewer correspondences between adoptees and their adoptive mothers. There were indications that adoptive mothers of the high-Pd children had personality traits which may have made them less effective in attenuating early signs of antisocial behavior. The second study employed a cross-fostering design dividing all biological and adoptive mothers (n = 138 each) by their respective median Pd raw scores to examine effects on offspring. Results confirmed the effect of biological mother Pd score, but only a trend suggested an adoptive mother effect, with no hint of an interaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The clinical and forensic psychiatric assessment of attack-like progressive schizophrenia with the Kandinsky-Clérambault syndrome].

Overall 200 patients suffering from attack-like progressive schizophrenia associated with Kandinsky-Clérambault syndrome were examined. All the patients underwent compulsory treatment at the psychiatric hospitals. Two varieties of schizophrenia associated with Kandinsky-Clérambault syndrome were distinguished: psychotic (127 persons) and psychopath-like (73 persons). The psychotic variety is characterized by the growth of personality disintegration because of changes to a greater degree in the thinking sphere, whereas the psychopath-like variety is marked by alterations in the affective volitional sphere. The psychopathological mechanisms of socially dangerous action of the patients at the preproductive and productive stages of endogenous process are described depending on the varieties distinguished.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1975

[Late schizophrenia (author's transl)].

The designation "late schizophrenia" is used with reference to M. Bleuler. Of 502 cases of schizophrenia admitted to the mental hospital of the university of Bonn from 1945-1959 and later catamnestically examined, 14% were taken ill after age 40. Including the deceased, the percentage increases to 17.1 (110 of 644 cases). The onset of disturbance could be ascertained with 50% occurring equally between age 40-44 and age 45-59. Late schizophrenia became manifest after age 50 in 24. 3% and in 3.1% after age 60. The average period of observation was 17.8 years, and 20.7 years including prodromes. In 42.8% prodromes and/or signs in advance could be traced. Females predominated (64.3%). Syntonic personalities were markedly more frequent (49.3%), psychopathic primary personalities less frequent than in other schizophrenias in the first half of life. With regard to premorbid intelligence or hereditability no differences could be found. Psychic-reactive actuation (31.9%) was not significantly more frequent than in the group as a whole (25%). Not even by social factors (social class of parental family, bachelorhood rate, childlessness, and late marriage) could late schizophrenia be reliably distinguished from other schizophrenias. The quota of initially dominating paranoid-hallucinatory (55.4%) and paranoid syndromes (23.2%) is markedly higher than in schizophrenia of the first half of life, depressive moods (47.1%) and coenaesthesias (64.3%) less frequent. The final prognosis is - especially for women - more favorable, the rate of full remissions amounting 30%; 35% showed remissions to slight pure residual symptoms. All types of schizophrenic courses also occur in late schizophrenia; monophasic types are significantly more frequent, the two most prognostically unfavorable types are significantly rarer than in the group as a whole. The rate of social reintegration is with 64.3% higher and that of permanent hospitalization 10% lower than in the group as a whole. In view of the identity of late schizophrenia with all other schizophrenias, the same principles have to be applied to therapy and rehabilitation.

Adult↗