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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Recovery kinetics after chemotherapy and circulating mononuclear cells expressing the CD34 antigen in pediatric cancer patients.

Hematopoietic progenitor cells collected from the peripheral blood are capable of restoring hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy. The numbers of circulating mononuclear cells expressing the CD34 antigen were calculated and the colony-forming capacity was determined in 26 blood samples, which were drawn during rapid rise of leukocytes after chemotherapy cycles that were followed by aplasia. Culture assay after 14 days revealed a median 507 (210-2029) myeloid progenitors (CFU-GEMM/GM) per 10(5) nucleated cells (NC) in 13 CD34-positive samples, and only a median 76 (9-224) in 13 CD34-negative ones (p less than 0.001). Median 343 (175-2450) erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) per 10(5) NC were detected in the CD34-positive samples, whereas only 72 (10-315) per 10(5) NC were found in the negative ones (p less than 0.01). The percentage of CD34-positive cells clearly correlated with the growth of CFU-GEMM/GM and BFU-E (p less than 0.01). The content of CD34-positive cells in circulation was determined within 120 min by FACS analysis and predicted colony-forming capacity of circulating mononuclear cells. These observations will help to select the optimal individual days for leukaphereses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Complementary and alternative medicines for use in supportive care in pediatric cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Complementary and alternative medical practices (CAM) are being used by increasing numbers of children with cancer. DISCUSSION: Recent surveys report CAM use prevalence rates of 24-90% in children with cancer. Interest in supporting children through the side effects or stress of conventional treatment has been described as one of the major motivating factors for the use of CAM therapies. Research is difficult secondary to the complexity of the therapies and lack of standardization. However, several research studies investigating CAM therapies for supportive care in children with cancer are ongoing. Information on several studies in progress through the Children's Oncology Group and other institutions will be reviewed. CONCLUSION: The progress made in the development of these studies demonstrates that CAM therapies can be investigated for their supportive care roles in the therapy of children with cancer.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The emergence of 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes in pediatric cancer patients.

This paper describes a prospective study and a simultaneous longitudinal study of the frequency of 6-thioguanine- (6TG-) resistant peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with cancer and in controls. Thioguanine resistance was measured autoradiographically by the ability of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes to incorporate tritiated thymidine in the presence or absence of 2 x 10(-4) or 2 x 10(-5) M 6TG. 5 of 29 untreated cancer patients had higher frequencies of 6TG-resistant lymphocytes than any of 116 controls. Patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy showed significantly higher numbers of 6TG-resistant lymphocytes than controls, and in rare patients abnormally high frequencies of 6TG-resistant cells persisted after therapy was discontinued. Among 22 patients studied prospectively before and during therapy, the frequency of 6TG-resistant lymphocytes was significantly higher during therapy. From these results we conclude (1) that some cancer patients have abnormally high frequencies of 6TG-resistant lymphocytes, and (2) cancer therapy either causes selection of 6TG-resistant cells or causes a phenotypic or genotypic change leading to further increases in frequencies of 6TG resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Association of CYP3A4 genotype with detection of Vgamma/Jbeta trans-rearrangements in the peripheral blood leukocytes of pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy for ALL.

Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are exposed to high doses of cytotoxic and genotoxic drugs which, in some cases, can lead to treatment related leukemia. Since this only occurs in a minority of patients, however, it is possible some individuals are predisposed due to genetic polymorphisms in genes for enzymes that mediate drug metabolism. To address this possibility we measured the genotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in patients receiving treatment for ALL by the frequency of the Vgamma/Jbeta trans-rearrangement in their peripheral blood leukocytes and compared this with CYP3A4 genotype. CYP3A4 is the most abundant of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme in the liver and intestine which contains a common -392A>G substitution in the promoter region (CYP3A4*1B allele). We found a significant increase in the frequency of rearrangements during chemotherapy only in patients homozygous for the wild type CYP3A4*1A allele. This provides a direct link between CYP3A4 genotype and susceptibility to drug genotoxicity thus strengthening the possibility that predisposition to treatment related leukemia may be measurable by simple genetic testing.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Biologic response modifiers in pediatric cancer.

Biologic response modifiers are becoming an important addition to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the management of cancer. As this field of research grows and expands, more biologic response modifiers will be incorporated into therapeutic regimens. By stimulating the immune system to eradicate minimal residual disease, these agents may improve the disease-free and long-term survival rates of patients with a variety of malignancies. The challenge is to incorporate biologic response modifiers into the treatment armamentarium in ways that will maximize their tumorigenicity.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed2003

Psychiatric aspects of pediatric cancer.

Recent progress in the understanding of psychological and social factors related to cancer is important because cancer is the most common fatal disease of childhood and adolescence. Research interest in children and adolescents who have survived cancer also has increased over the past several years. Attention has focused on the long-term social outcomes of these children and adolescents. With increased survival, quality-of-life issues have assumed a more prominent role in the treatment protocols being developed for childhood cancer. The presence of long-lasting uncertainty about recurrence of the disease or second malignancy together with recognition of cognitive and physical side effects of treatment make childhood cancer a potentially chronic condition. Survivors experience actual or potential threats to future health; more than half have medical cognitive or psychological problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The effect of chemotherapy on the supragingival plaque of pediatric cancer patients.

The anaerobic cultivable flora of the dental plaque was investigated in 16 cancer children at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of a first cure of chemotherapy. Results were compared with those obtained in 16 healthy children. Diseased children showed more quantitative variations of the flora than the controls, especially during the first week of chemotherapy. Whatever the day of sampling, the flora of the diseased children was significantly less complex than that of the controls. Viridans streptococci, Capnocytophaga, and to a lesser extent staphylococci, appeared to be the most strongly affected in diseased children. This could be explained by different mechanisms, uncontrolled recolonization of the dental plaque, selection of multidrug-resistant strains or nosocomial acquisition. These results indicate that variations in quantity, complexity and quality of the oral flora occur during chemotherapy, leading to a major imbalance of the ecosystem.

Adolescent↗