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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Dental recall status and unscheduled dental attendances in British warships.

When deployed away from base, men and women aboard seagoing vessels have restricted access to dental care. Situations may arise in which untreated disease, acute infections, failing restorations, or trauma result in pain or discomfort. Military dental health care delivery systems seek to minimize episodes of dental pain through routine screening by recall and delivery of treatment. A 12-month survey of all unscheduled attendances aboard British warships was conducted to establish the frequency and nature of cases, particularly with respect to recall status. One thousand three hundred forty-one reports were received from 66 ships and shore-based clinics, equivalent to approximately 52 occurrences per 1,000 personnel per year. The nature of the causes was widely varied. Significant relationships were apparent for recall status (treatment required) and the reported causes of dental caries (odds ratio [OR] 4.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-13.8), periapical abscess (OR 3.19, CI 1.06-10.03), and failed restorations (OR 4.22, CI 1.31-15.01). In terms of mean time elapsed since last dental visit, those cases in the Fit/Fleet Ready group went 154 days, whereas those in the Treatment Required dental recall group went a mean of only 95 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

In vitro effects of an acidic by-product feed on bovine teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro erosive effects of sweet potato cannery waste (SPCW) on bovine incisor enamel. SAMPLE POPULATION: 20 bovine mandibles. PROCEDURE: Mandibles were collected and incisors were classified into 3 categories: lacking observable wear, advanced normal wear, or abnormal wear associated with feeding SPCW. Intact mandibles were radiographed. Contralateral normal teeth from the same jaw were used to compare Ca2+ loss (etching) with SPCW, lactic acid (pH 3.2), or SPCW neutralized with NaOH to pH 5.0 or 5.5. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to compare etched and unetched specimens. Two abnormally worn teeth were evaluated histologically. Knoop hardness testing was conducted on unexposed areas of surface enamel and enamel exposed to SPCW. RESULTS: Radiography revealed large periapical abscesses in the mandibles exposed to SPCW. Nearly identical amounts of Ca2+ were removed by SPCW and lactic acid solution at the same pH. Scanning electron microscopy did not indicate consistent differences between etch patterns resulting from exposure to SPCW or lactic acid. Mean rate of calcium removal was 56% higher in deciduous than permanent teeth. Knoop hardness data suggested that softening occurred in enamel exposed to SPCW. Neutralizing SPCW to pH 5.5 eliminated calcium removal. Histologic examination of sections indicated that SPCW degraded and removed some dentin matrix proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SPCW results in enamel erosion in vitro; low pH is the most likely cause of erosion. Neutralizing SPCW to pH 5.5 eliminated erosive effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Confirmation of SPCW's erosive effects on enamel in vitro supported the field diagnosis.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1997

Dental disease in the late Medieval population from Nova Raca, Croatia.

Male and female dental disease frequencies were compared to test the hypothesis of differential stress levels between the sexes in the late Medieval population from Nova Raca, Croatia. The following categories of dental disease were compared: alveolar bone pathology defined by the presence of periodontal or periapical abscesses or antemortem tooth loss, caries, hypoplastic defects in the enamel and occlusal surface wear. The results show clear gender differences in the frequencies of alveolar bone pathology, carious lesions and occlusal surface wear. In all cases males exhibited significantly greater frequencies. Further analyses indicated that these differences were related to younger (15-29 years) adults and to the upper jaw. Together with paleodemographic data and the fact that females exhibited higher frequencies of enamel defects, this dichotomy in dental disease frequencies is interpreted as the result of a culturally imposed defensive mechanism which selectively buffered young males from malnutrition, exposing them at the same time to higher levels of cariogenic food and thus to higher frequencies of carious lesions and alveolar bone disease.

Croatia↗
PubMed2006

Odontogenic orbital inflammation: clinical and CT findings--initial observations.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively review computed tomographic (CT) and clinical findings in patients with odontogenic orbital infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approval from the institutional review board was obtained for chart and scan review, and informed consent was waived for this HIPAA-compliant study. Five patients, two male and three female (median age, 37 years; age range, 13-55 years), who had odontogenic orbital cellulitis underwent clinical evaluation, CT scanning, and treatment. CT findings, including periapical lucency suggesting abscess, sinus opacification, and the route of spread of infection, were analyzed in each patient. Imaging, clinical, and surgical findings, including the initial clinical diagnosis and the presence of a periapical abscess at surgery and at pathologic examination, were compared. RESULTS: Periapical lucency and sinus opacification were seen in all patients. The route of infection spread was through either the premalar soft tissues or the maxillary sinuses. The odontogenic origin of the orbital infection was not clinically suspected in any patients. Correct diagnosis was later made at CT in all patients. Four patients had periapical abscesses at pathologic analysis, and the fifth patient had apical periodontitis at clinical analysis and granuloma at pathologic analysis. Dental surgery was required in each of the five patients for resolution of infection; four patients underwent extraction of the infected tooth, and one patient underwent incision and drainage of a periapical abscess. CONCLUSION: Abnormal periapical lucency, widening of the periodontal ligament space, and the presence of a subperiosteal abscess suggested an odontogenic origin of orbital infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Abscess formation around the apex of a maxillary root form implant: clinical and microscopical aspects. A case report.

This case report describes the occurrence of an abscess in the periapical area of a root form maxillary titanium implant, with a radiolucent appearance and purulent discharge. The removal of the infected periapical tissues was carried out but the clinical symptoms of infection persisted, an attempt at guided tissue regeneration with a freeze-dried dura mater membrane notwithstanding, and it was necessary to remove the implant. The microscopical examination showed that it was possible to observe nonviable bone tissue, with absence of bone cells and areas of bone resorption in the apical portion of the implant. These microscopical features were compatible with an acute localized suppurative osteomyelitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The periapical space--a dynamic interface.

The ultimate aim of endodontic treatment is to encourage the healing of apical periodontitis, or to prevent it from occurring if it was not present prior to treatment. Apical periodontitis is a general term used to describe an inflammatory response to irritation caused by the contents of a root canal system and it has several distinct forms. The most common is a granuloma but this can develop into other disease entities such as an abscess, a periapical pocket cyst or a true cyst, all of which present as radiolucencies. However, periapical radiolucencies may also be caused by extra-radicular infections, foreign body reactions and periapical scars, or they may be due to other tumours and cysts that have not originated from pulp disease. Practitioners must recognise and understand the different pathological entities and the dynamic interactions that occur in the periapical tissues in order to correctly diagnose and treat these conditions.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

The periapical space--a dynamic interface.

The ultimate aim of endodontic treatment is to encourage the healing of apical periodontitis, or to prevent it from occurring if it was not present prior to treatment. Apical periodontitis is a general term used to describe an inflammatory response to irritation caused by the contents of a root canal system and it has several distinct forms. The most common is a granuloma but this can develop into other disease entities such as an abscess, a periapical pocket cyst or a true cyst, all of which present as radiolucencies. However, periapical radiolucencies may also be caused by extra-radicular infections, foreign body reactions and periapical scars, or they may be due to other tumours and cysts that have not originated from pulp disease. Practitioners must recognize and understand the different pathological entities and the dynamic interactions that occur in the periapical tissues in order to correctly diagnose and treat these conditions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Inflammatory lesions of the tooth pulp induce changes in brainstem neurons of the rat trigeminal subnucleus oralis.

Neuroplastic changes are known to occur in the CNS in response to injury of peripheral nerves. Previous investigation has demonstrated neuroplasticity in second-order neurons of the subnucleus oralis (SO) of the trigeminal (V) nuclear complex in association with aseptic injury to the tooth pulp. A question arises, therefore, as to whether similar changes occur in response to injury associated with inflammation induced by tooth pulp infection. The effects of tooth pulp infection on the mechanoreceptive fields (RFs) of SO neurons were examined in rats. Infection was established by exposure and removal of the coronal pulp of the mandibular first molar, which was left open to the oral environment for 7 (n = 5) or 28 (n = 6) days. Neurons in SO were then electrophysiologically characterized in chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats. The RF and the response properties of 118 low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurons from seven-day-old rats and 149 LTM neurons from 28-day-old rats were compared with those of 204 LTM neurons tested in 11 untreated (control) rats. Significant differences were noted in RF size and location when control, seven-day-old, and 28-day-old groups were compared. Radiographic examination revealed inconsistencies among examiners in the interpretation of periapical lesions < 2 mm in diameter and general agreement in the identification of periapical lesions > 2 mm in diameter. Histological examination of teeth with pulp exposure revealed superficial necrosis and inflammation without periapical extension in the seven-day-old animals and total pulp necrosis with periapical inflammation, abscess formation, and alveolar bone resorption in the 28-day-old animals. The results indicate that neuroplastic changes in LTM oralis neurons can develop subsequent to tooth pulp infection and that there may be a correlation between the incidence of these changes and the extension of the attending inflammation from the pulp to the dental supporting tissues.

Age Factors↗