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PubMed2001

[Adolescent arsonists--psychodynamics, family dynamics and attempt at framing a typology based on 40 expert opinions].

Psychiatric, psychological and medical data of 40 adolescent firesetters are obtained from a retrospective analysis of expert opinions which have been drawn up by the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Tübingen over a period of 16 years (1981-1997). This analysis mainly focusses on the patients' physical and psychosexual development, their social integration and competence and their family dynamics. It further concentrates on the psychic situation at the time of the offense, the reasons and motives given for firesetting (by the patient and by the expert) and specific psychological test results. According to the results three different characteristic groups can be found: 1st a group of offenders who have set fires to their parents' house, 2nd firesetters being member of the firebrigade, and 3rd an unspecific inhomogeneous group of firesetters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Psychodynamics of ideological democracy].

In order to understand "ideological democracy" and its consecuences for therapy it is important to study the ideology of group members from the psychodynamic standpoint. Ideology is understood as a system of rules to interpret reality, although from a theoretical point of view, we contend reality itself is free from ideology. Ideology is thus defined as a cognitive system, stemming from emotional matrices of the psychosexual development of personality. The understanding of how the members of the Therapeutic Community attain "ideological democracy" is, to our mind, essential in order to be able to attain therapeutic goals. After a brief introduction the paper deals with ideology and its relationship with different personality structures: hysteric, phobic, psychopatic, depressive, paranoid and schizoid. Several common mechanisms for building ideology are set forth. The final conclusion is that such an analysis helps to ascertain the best strategies for community therapy.

Colombia↗
PubMed1975

[Pedophrenia].

Among childhood psychoses which are so polymorphous and so liable to modifications because of the development of the personality, a rather special place can be given to a form which we intend to call "Pedophrenia". It corresponds roughly to hebephrenia, but occurs before adolescence, sometimes even as early as the first months of life, as it can be a continuation of a precocious autism. Furthermore, it also involves the classic discordances, rites, stereotypies, etc... Because of the age, the communication processes are expecially affected, malleability is greater than in hebephrenia, but the prognosis remains serious.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Adolescent scoliosis patients. Personality patterns and effects of corrective surgery.

Personality patterns of 84 adolescent scoliosis patients were assessed and an evaluation made of certain psychological effects of corrective surgery. Results indicate the following: Scoliosis has fewer psychologically debilitating effects on younger adolescents (those under 16) than it does on older adolescents; scoliotic boys show comparatively better general personality integration than girls; scoliotic girls are less disturbed in psychosexual development than are boys. Postoperatively, boys can be expected to show less overt incapacitation than girls; psychologically, boys will require a longer period of recuperation than will girls; boys can be expected to present fewer immediate management problems than girls; the internalization of a sense of "difference" from the normal in adolescent scoliotics increases in direct relation to age. Consequently, the eariler surgical correction can be undertaken the better. Important differences exist between the psychological "set" of male and female adolescent patients. For boys, self-acceptance is at the core. Postoperative surgical care should thus focus on reinforcing characteristics of personal adequacy, namely, the ability to compete, and fulfill reasonable goals. For girls, acceptance by others is paramount. Postoperative care is best directed toward strengthening feelings of attractiveness (of any personal characteristic), worth, and, above all, future interpersonal possibilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Coming of age in a heterosexist world: the development of gay and lesbian adolescents.

The general developmental struggles of gay and lesbian adolescents are described as delineated in recent research. Three developmental areas were selected as a focus: the consolidation of sexual identity and the effects of both parental and peer relationships on gay adolescents' development. Weaknesses are noted in current research and theory, and suggestions are offered which could facilitate the development of both homosexual and heterosexual youth.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Child sexual abuse and forensic psychiatry: evolving and controversial issues.

Child sexual abuse has received growing attention in recent years, and the topic continues to spark controversy among mental health and legal professionals as well as in the popular media. This paper will review the concept of child sexual abuse, cover relevant definitions, address the clinician's role, and then will address the principal evolving and controversial areas. These areas include psychic damages, false allegations, improper investigatory techniques, use of anatomical dolls, admissibility of expert testimony, hearsay testimony, and the competency of minors to testify.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Decision-making process about sex assignment in the neonate with ambiguous genitalia].

Although diagnoses and etiologies of underlying disorders of sexual differentiation can be carefully delineated through biochemical, imagine, and chromosomal analyses, the decision-making process about sex assignment in the newborn with ambiguous genitalia is in a state of controversy. The conventional way for the approach to these neonates consists of 4 principles; 1) Urgency of diagnosis and sex assignment, so that early surgical reconstruction could obviate the fear of the parents with each diaper change. 2) Adequacy of the phallus as a male. 3) Fertility, especially 46XX female are sex assigned female because of potential fertility. 4) Cosmetic appearance of the reconstructed genitalia based on the recognition that external female genitalia are generally easier to construct than male. Contrary to these conventional methods, some researchers insist on flexibility in the clinical approach to provide the best possible outcome. It is getting apparent that the quantity, timing, and duration of androgen exposure will play a role in determining the degree of masculinization of the brain, which may potentially decide gender identity before 18 months of age or even in utero, and may influence the psychosexual development of the child. Flexibility in decision-making will allow for options not to remove any tissues including gonads and internal sex organs, or to reconstruct the genitalia until he or she is sure of the gender. This new approach must be proved in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Some changes observed in a clinical case.

The author presents clinical material from a 36-year-old female patient with depressive and hysterical traits, whose personal history shows her psychosexual development to be at a pregenital level. It is intended to demonstrate the type of clinical interpretations that enabled a change towards an oedipal transference in order to reach a psychoanalytic approach. Some of the psychoanalytic interpretations during the treatment process are described, related to several behavioural changes and a discrete structural change.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Freud's Jocasta and Sophocles' Jocasta: clinical implications of the difference.

Evidence is presented that the Jocasta Sophocles depicted in Oedipus Rex is significantly different from the Jocasta of Freud's synopsis of the play. Sophocles' Jocasta prefers her son to her husband and this preference results in parricide and incest. The clinical implications of this difference are discussed in relation to a group of patients whose mothers resembled Sophocles' Jocasta. The analysis of one such patient is briefly presented. All these patients had difficulties at work and in their psychosexual development. It is argued that these difficulties resulted from the mother's attitude interfering with the dissolution of the Oedipus complex and that quite severe pathology does not necessarily mean pre-oedipal conflicts.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Genital herpes in young adults: changing sexual behaviours, epidemiology and management.

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection throughout the world. The majority of new infections occur in adolescents and young adults, although prevalence rates generally increase with age and cumulative sexual experience. In young adults, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection is becoming a more common cause of genital herpes. Reasons for this trend include changing sexual practices, notably oral-genital exposure and the use of condoms for intercourse. Important implications of having genital herpes include the risk of transmission to sexual partners and the increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Genital herpes infections are often unrecognized, and transmission to uninfected partners is likely to occur during asymptomatic shedding. A diagnosis of herpes may also affect psychosexual development, particularly in adolescents. Such factors contribute to the growing global HSV prevalence and suggest a need to implement better screening programmes in young adults. Recognizing and treating HSV early offers benefits to patients and their sexual partners by reducing the frequency and severity of outbreaks, limiting the likelihood of disease transmission, and preventing new infections.

Herpes Genitalis↗
PubMed2005

Has Ombrëdanne's method of hypospadic urethra reconstruction been ignored with reason?

From January 1970 to December 1979 inclusive, 193 boys (aged 2 to 16) underwent surgery for distal hypospadia using Ombredanne's method at the Department of Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Center Rijeka and at the Department of Pediatric Surgery Zagreb. Follow-up period was 7 to 20 years (mean 13.4). 20 (10.36%) subjects had post-operative organic complications and 15 (7.77%) of them required surgical correction. According to these findings, the success rate using Ombredanne's method of reconstruction of the hypospadic urethra in no way lags behind the success rate using MAGPI and Mathieu's methods as well as Preputial island flap urethroplasty for analogous cases. Out of 193 subjects who underwent surgery, 80 (41.45%) of those who were sexually mature and had normal psychosexual development were questioned. In this sample, 75 (93.75%) were satisfied with the post-operative appearance of the penis while only 5 (6.25%) were dissatisfied, 3 of which had hypoplastic penis. In 78 (97.50%) subjects questioned, the post-operative urinary squirt was normal and two of them had weak urinary squirt (2.50%), due to meatal stenosis. In conclusion, Ombredanne's method of reconstruction of the urethra in boys with distal hypospadia is equally successful as other methods used for this purpose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinico-pathogenetic characteristics of exhibitionism].

The author relates the results of ++clinico-psychopathological and sexological studies carried out in 61 men with the signs of exhibitionism. With the nosological qualification of the mental status of exhibitionists being diverse, the four uniform ++clinico-pathogenetic groups were distinguished: with the hypothalamic and temporal syndromes, ++non-processual autism syndromes, and schizophrenic defect. The involvement of biological factors in the genesis of pathological inclination is demonstrated to be of uncertain degree, depending on the classifying with the groups indicated. Heterogeneity dysontogenesis of the psychosexual development was discovered with the aid of sexological examination. At the same time the author proves the common character of the pathogenetic components of exhibitionism, lying in the unity of the constitutional basis for their individual characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Comments on the origins of sexual identity.].

In spite of an abundant literature, comprising at least three major theoretical schools, and notwithstanding a multitude of clinical studies and experimental works, the understanding of psychosexual development is still more or less confused and the subject of heated debate. This article attempts to clarify the terminology used in this area and to highlight the principal aspects of this controversial question. There is an important need, in our opinion, to formulate a more comprehensive, global explanatory schema and to construct more refined objective measurement instruments, particularly with regard to children.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2006

[Some new aspects of the Klinefelter syndrome].

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent form of male hypogonadism. Still, at least 50% ofcases are not diagnosed, partly because of the great variation in the clinical symptoms, partly because physicians are unfamiliar with KS. Timely treatment with testosterone can contribute to a more positive body image and, consequently, to a healthier psychosexual development in men with KS. Men with KS experience significantly more health problems and an increased risk ofa malignancy. New reproductive techniques no longer automatically mean that men with KS will remain infertile. Treatment with testosterone is in principle life-long to prevent osteoporosis and loss of muscle mass and strength.

Body Image↗
PubMed1991

Adult sequelae of child sexual abuse.

At present there is no consensus of opinion about the short-term or long-term effects of child sexual abuse, although there is a growing body of literature on the subject. Definitions of what constitutes child sexual abuse vary enormously and, even where agreed, include a wide range of behaviours. Most clinical reports are retrospective in nature and based on self-report. Many authors agree that effects can be classified into four general areas, however, emotional/psychological; sexual adjustment; interpersonal relationships; and social functioning. There are considerable implications for treatment of those who have been abused and for the protection of their children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Biological and experimental markers of sexual aggression].

Forty men who committed sexual offences with a varying extent of aggressiveness were examined by a series of psychological tests, phalloplethysmography and electroencephalography. The plasma testosterone level was assessed and in indicated cases the karyotype. Frequently in the delinquents an abnormal course of psychosexual development was revealed, disorders of sex life, the presence of sexual deviations and atypical EEG findings. The extent of aggression of the offence correlated significantly with younger age of the delinquent and the result of the phalloplethysomographic examination. Prediction of future aggressive behaviour of a subject is difficult even when modern examination methods are used.

Adolescent↗