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Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

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PubMed1989

Physical and psychosocial functioning and adjustment to breast cancer. Long-term follow-up of a screening population.

The effects of age, recency of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, and severity of the disease on adjustment outcomes were investigated in a sample of 349 women from the 10,056 women screened for BC by the University of Michigan Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project between 1974 and 1981. In the 1985 follow-up, data were collected from the 173 surviving BC patients who had invasive BC, and from a matched control group of 176 women who were asymptomatic of BC. Fifty-five percent of the BC patients were 5 years past diagnosis and treatment at the time of data collection. The BC patients group as a whole did not differ from the asymptomatic control group on indicators of mental health, social and psychological well-being, or physical functioning. However, the BC group reported a greater number of diagnosed medical conditions that limited their activities, and taking more medications, than the asymptomatic group. Within the BC group, severity and recency of the cancer had strong independent adverse effects on several of the indicators of mental health and physical functioning. Advanced age had the same main effects in both groups: greater number of medications and diagnosed medical conditions that cause limitations in activities, but, in contrast, better mental health and well-being. Age had interactive effects with the recency and with severity of BC: more recent and severe cases of BC appeared to produce particularly serious difficulties in psychological adjustment for younger patients, and particularly serious medical problems and physical difficulties in adjustment for older patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of an emotional self-management skills course on psychosocial functioning and autonomic recovery to stress in middle school children.

Unmanaged emotional reactions to stress not only lead to behavior problems in young people but also create physiological conditions that inhibit learning and potentially increase the risk of disease later in life. For these reasons, the integration of emotional self-management skills training programs has become an increased priority in some schools. In this study, middle school students enrolled in a course in emotional competence skills learned techniques designed to intercept stressful responses during emotionally challenging situations. Behavioral outcomes were assessed using the Achievement Inventory Measure and autonomic function was measured by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis during and after a stressful interview. Following the program, students exhibited significant improvements in areas including stress and anger management, risky behavior, work management and focus, and relationships with family, peers and teachers. These improvements were sustained over the following six months. Students using the skills taught in the course to recover from acute emotional stress were also able to positively modulate their physiological stress responses. As compared to a control group, trained students demonstrated significantly increased HRV and more rhythmic, sine wave-like heart rhythm patterns during recovery. This response pattern reflects increased parasympathetic activity, heart rhythm coherence, and entrainment of other biological oscillatory systems to the primary heart rhythm frequency. Increased physiological coherence is associated with improved cognitive performance, emotional balance, mental clarity and health outcomes. These physiological shifts could promote the sustained psychological and behavioral improvements associated with the use of emotional management skills. It is suggested that learning emotional competence skills in childhood establishes healthier physiological response patterns which can benefit learning and long-term health. Results provide support for the integration in school curricula of courses designed to teach effective self-management skills to children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Psychosocial function, clinical status, and radiographic findings in a group of chronic low back pain patients.

Low back pain is considered a problem with multiple facets for which the underlying causative factors should be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between depression, clinical status, and radiographic findings in a group of fifty patients with low back pain for more than 6 months. The patients underwent clinical examination and they completed Beck depression inventory (BDI), Aberdeen back pain scale (ABPS) and research questionnaire. Radiographic evaluations were performed. Clinical score and duration of symptoms were found to be positively correlated. The BDI scores were not found to be correlated with the existing variables. The ABPS scores were positively correlated with clinical scores and number of medications used.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A 3-year outcome study of normal-weight bulimia: assessment of psychosocial functioning and eating attitudes.

The Eating Attitudes Test, Social Adjustment Scale: Self-Report (SAS-SR), and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) were administered to 18 normal-weight bulimics at 1- and 3-year follow-ups. Eating attitudes and depressive symptoms improved significantly at year 1. There was no significant improvement on the SAS-SR at year 1. At year 3, significant improvement in all HSCL scores was evident, but only in the Work scale of the SAS-SR.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Post-traumatic stress symptoms in an elite unit of Brazilian police officers: prevalence and impact on psychosocial functioning and on physical and mental health.

BACKGROUND: Frequent exposure to traumatic situations put police officers under an increased risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goals of this study were to determine the current prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Brazilian police officers and to compare groups with and without PTSS in terms of associated morbidity. METHODS: Police officers from an elite unit (n=157) were asked to fill out a socio-demographic questionnaire, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version. The latter's scores were used to establish the diagnoses of "full PTSD" and of "partial PTSD". RESULTS: Prevalence rates of "full PTSD" and "partial PTSD" were 8.9% and 16%, respectively. Compared with the "no PTSD" group, police officers with "full PTSD" were five times more likely to be divorced (21.6% vs. 4.3%, p=0.008), felt that their physical health was poorer (64.3% vs. 6%, p<0.001), had more medical consultations during the last 12 months [2.00 (+/-1.62) vs. 1.09 (+/-1.42), p=0.03] and reported more often lifetime suicidal ideation (35.7% vs. 5.2%, p=0.002). LIMITATIONS: The sample was relatively small. A screening tool was employed instead of a semi-structured interview. The cross-sectional design is unsuitable for ascertaining cause-effect relations. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD prevalence in our sample was comparable to those reported for North American and Dutch policemen. The presence of "full PTSD" was associated with evidences of considerable morbidity. These findings may contribute to the development of effective policies aimed at the prevention and treatment of PTSD in law enforcement agents.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Posttraumatic stress disorder in a psychosomatic outpatient clinic. Gender effects, psychosocial functioning, sense of coherence, and service utilization.

BACKGROUND: The lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was assessed in outpatients of a tertiary referral mental health center; differences in psychopathology and service utilization between PTSD and non-PTSD patients were evaluated. METHODS: Five hundred eighty-three outpatients (35.3 years, S.D.=12.5; 74.3% women and 25.7% men), who had been initially examined by clinically experienced medical and psychological psychotherapists, were investigated by means of standardized trauma-specific questionnaires. RESULTS: Of the patients, 61.1% reported at least one traumatic event during their lifetime, but only 34.3% of the total sample met the DSM-IV (A1 and A2) criteria. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD-positive screening was 10.1%. In 2.7% of these patients, PTSD had been diagnosed in clinical routine (ICD-10: F43.1); 6.6% of the men and 11.3% of the women met the diagnostic criteria for lifetime prevalence of PTSD. All in all, patients with PTSD had higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower levels of sense of coherence (P < .001) than did patients without PTSD (all P < .001). In addition, PTSD patients reported significantly higher rates of medical consultations (P < .001), psychotropic medication (P < .001), and psychotherapy (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: About one third of the outpatients suffered from DSM-IV traumas, and 10%, from PTSD. However, PTSD had been diagnosed only in very few patients within the routine diagnostic procedure. These findings suggest that PTSD is frequently overlooked not only in primary but also in tertiary care settings. Finally, our study supports previous results that PTSD patients use more service utilization and are more affected by psychopathology symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychosocial functioning of siblings of children with rheumatic disease.

The potential impact of an ill child on other siblings in the family was examined by comparing 72 siblings of children with rheumatic disease with 60 siblings of healthy children from demographically matched families. Psychosomatic, behavioral, emotional, and social problems, as reported by both the parents and the siblings, were investigated. Although siblings of patients with rheumatic disease generally were functioning as well as siblings of healthy children, they reported having more allergies and asthma. A set of vulnerability and protective factors was tested as predictors of sibling functioning. Cohesive and expressive family environments in which mothers and patients with rheumatic disease were functioning adequately promoted better adaptation among the siblings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Cognitive mechanisms, psychosocial functioning, and neurocognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia.

The aim of the present study is to test Brenner's model of cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. It is assumed that elementary cognitive disorders (attention and encoding) and complex cognitive disorders (recall, concept formation) reinforce each other. Cognitive disorders are supposed to cause detrimental effects on functional outcome. We used cognitive rehabilitation as a strategy to induce cognitive changes in 27 patients assigned to treatment groups following the cognitive modules of the Integrated Psychological Treatment (IPT). Ten schizophrenic patients without cognitive impairments worked as a control group. With only one minor conceptual change (replacing concept formation with executive function, a more comprehensive construct), we found that our data fitted with Brenner's model. A relationship has been found between neuropsychological improvements and higher levels of autonomy and social functioning. These findings have important implications not only for cognitive assessment but also for selecting targets in cognitive rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Psychosocial functioning of young adults who have experienced and recovered from major depressive disorder during adolescence.

The authors examined whether adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) was associated with difficulties in young adult functioning and whether differences would remain significant after accounting for nonmood disorder, MDD recurrence, functioning in adolescence, or current mood state. A total of 941 participants were assessed twice during adolescence and at age 24. In unadjusted analyses, adolescent MDD was associated with most young adult functioning measures. Associations were not due to interactions with adolescent comorbidity, but differences in global functioning and mental health treatment appeared as a result of MDD recurrence. Accounting for levels of functioning in adolescence or for current depression at age 24 eliminated the remaining associations. The implications of these findings for efforts to prevent MDD in adolescence are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Mothers of children with spina bifida: factors related to maternal psychosocial functioning.

Maternal self-perceptions of well-being and of satisfaction and competence in the parental role were examined in 50 mothers of children diagnosed with spina bifida. Adult companionship and social support were found to be highly correlated with maternal satisfaction, while quality of family environment significantly predicted maternal competence and well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗