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Results for “Roxithromycin”

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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Immediate reaction to roxithromycin and prick test cross-sensitization to erythromycin and clarithromycin.

Allergic reactions to macrolides appear to be very rare. Only a few cases of fixed drug eruption or urticaria due to the administration of erythromycin have been reported. Cross-reaction between the different macrolides have not yet been published. We report a case of a 31-year-old female patient who developed generalized urticaria and tachycardia shortly after administration of roxithromycin (Rulid). Immediate-type hypersensitivity was confirmed by positive prick test reactions to roxithromycin and the chemically closely related macrolides erythromycin and clarithromycin.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic effects of roxithromycin and azithromycin in experimental murine brucellosis.

Mice infected with Brucella melitensis were treated with azithromycin or roxithromycin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day i.p. alone and in combination with streptomycin 75 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Streptomycin at this dose was previously documented to be ineffective against murine brucellosis. Azithromycin- and azithromycin/streptomycin-treated animals demonstrated a significantly better cure rate than controls. Therapy failure was observed in all mice treated with roxithromycin 50 mg/kg/day i.p. alone or in combination with streptomycin 75 mg/kg/day. Our findings demonstrate that azithromycin cures experimental murine brucellosis and may be an effective alternative in the therapy of human brucellosis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of roxithromycin in patients with acne.

On the basis of reports that erythromycin is effective in the treatment of acne, we investigated whether roxithromycin (ROM), a new derivative of erythromycin, might also be effective in treating acne. Roxithromycin was administered to 30 patients with acne for 8 weeks. General improvement was assessed 8 weeks after the initiation of the therapy with a six-graded scale as follows; 1: good improvement, 2: moderate improvement, 3: slight improvement, 4: no change, 5: worsening, and 6: no assessment. The percentage of good or moderate improvement was 73.3%, and that of good improvement alone was 20.0%. Our results suggest that ROM is effective in the treatment of acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The acceptability, efficacy and safety of a new paediatric oral suspension of roxithromycin in respiratory tract infections.

A new paediatric formulation of roxithromycin was tested for acceptability, efficacy and safety in a multicentre, prospective, non-comparative trial in 210 children, aged between 2 and 8 years, with a variety of respiratory tract infections. Most children were diagnosed as having rhinobronchitis, acute pharyngitis or acute tonsillitis. A dose of 5-8 mg/kg/day (mean +/- SD, 5.92 +/- 1.12) roxithromycin was given orally for 5-10 days (mean +/- SDL 6.86 +/- 1.80). The formulation consists of a tablet for suspension in a small volume of water, administered using a spoon, twice daily. Acceptability was good, with only eight children refusing their medication because of the taste or because of vomiting. The method of administration was found to be convenient by 76% of parents. The clinical success rate was 89.1% in the intent-to-treat analysis. There were only 18 adverse events reported by 14 patients; of these, only 10 events (all gastrointestinal) in eight patients were classified as drug related. A total of eight patients discontinued treatment because of an adverse event, but in only four were the events drug related.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2005

Accumulation of azithromycin and roxithromycin in tracheal epithelial fetal cell lines expressing wild type or mutated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR).

Macrolides are accumulated in phagocytes, partially via an active transport system; the membrane carrier is not identified but many data indicate a link with the P-glycoprotein family which includes the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. We have used two epithelial cell lines which express either wild-type (N cells) or mutated (homozygous deltaF508) (F cells) CFTR to study the cellular accumulation of two macrolides (azithromycin and roxithromycin). Adherent cells were incubated with the radiolabeled drugs before extensive washings and counting. Azithromycin was better (about 2-fold) accumulated in F cells up to 60 min but then plateaued, whereas accumulation continued without saturation over 3 hours in N cells. Roxithromycin was also better (1.5-fold) accumulated in F cells at 15 and 30 min, but there were no differences at further incubation times. Macrolide efflux from loaded N and F cells, and the susceptibilities of the carrier systems (entry and efflux) to various pharmacologic agents were similar to those previously observed with phagocytes. These data suggest that the macrolide carriers (for entry and efflux) are not strictly specific for phagocytes and that the CFTR protein plays a role in macrolide uptake.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1999

Clinical and immunoregulatory effects of roxithromycin therapy for chronic respiratory tract infection.

The clinical and immunoregulatory effects of long-term macrolide antibiotic therapy for patients with chronic lower respiratory tract infections (CLRTI) were investigated. Clinical parameters and neutrophil chemotactic mediators in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of CLRTI patients (n = 10) were examined before and after 3 months oral administration of roxithromycin (RXM). The in vitro effects of RXM were also examined on the release of these mediators from alveolar macrophages (AM) and neutrophils. Arterial oxygen tension (p<0.05), vital capacity (VC) (p<0.001), %VC (p<0.05) and forced expiratory volume in one second (p<0.01) were improved after RXM treatment, but airway bacteria were not eradicated. Among the mediators, the levels of interleukin (IL)-8, neutrophil elastase (NE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were higher in ELF than in plasma of CLRTI patients and they decreased after RXM treatment (n = 7, p<0.05 for each). RXM concentrations were significantly increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells of the treated patients. In in vitro experiments, RXM showed inhibitory effects on IL-8 release from AM and neutrophils. In conclusion, interleukin-8, neutrophil elastase and leukotriene B4 contribute to the neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of chronic lower respiratory tract infection patients and the clinical effects of roxithromycin may, in part, be attributable to the suppression of excess release of the chemotactic mediators from inflammatory cells.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2000

Effects of roxithromycin on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human periodontal ligament cells in culture.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant angiogenesis is associated with lesion formation in chronic periodontitis. However, little is known about the mediators that contribute to angiogenesis or about therapeutic agents that control the production of the mediators. Roxithromycin (RXM), which is a new 14-member macrolide antibiotic, has a wide antibacterial spectrum against oral pathogens and an immunomodulatory effect. In the present study, we examined the effects of RXM on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. In addition, the effect of RXM on VEGF expression in HPDL cells was examined. METHODS: HPDL cells were plated at 5 x 10(5) cells/ml in 150 cm2 cell culture dishes. The confluent-stage cells were pretreated with or without 10 microg/ml of RXM or other antibiotics in 1% FBS-containing alpha-MEM for 24 hours, followed by simultaneous treatment with 10 ng/ml of TNF-alpha and 10 microg/ml of these antibiotics. After incubation for various periods, the culture supernatants and sediments were collected and analyzed by ELISA, Northern blot, and gel shift assays. RESULTS: VEGF mRNA and its protein were constitutively expressed in HPDL cells, and the level of expression was markedly enhanced by stimulation with TNF-alpha. RXM strongly inhibited the expression of VEGF mRNA and the production of VEGF. Furthermore, RXM suppressed activation of transcription factors AP-1 and SP-1, which were critical factors in VEGF transcription, in TNF-alpha-stimulated HPDL cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that TNF-alpha, one of the proinflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, induces excess induction of VEGF in HPDL, which may account for increased angiogenesis in periodontitis lesions. Interestingly, the antibiotic roxithromycin inhibits TNF-mediated VEGF induction, suggesting its possible therapeutic utility in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory conditions involving VEGF induction.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Influence of cytostatic treatment on the efficacy of erythromycin and roxithromycin in a staphylococcal infection in mice.

Mice made monocytopenic with etoposide or both granulocytopenic and monocytopenic with cyclophosphamide were infected in a thigh muscle with 3 x 10(6) CFU of Staphylococcus aureus; 1 h later erythromycin or roxithromycin was administered, and 4 h after that the number of CFU per thigh was determined. In vitro as well as in vivo, the maximal effect of both antibiotics was only bacteriostatic. Monocytopenia did not diminish the efficacy of either erythromycin or roxithromycin in vivo, whereas the combination of granulocytopenia and monocytopenia markedly decreased the efficacy of both drugs: a 4-fold dose increase was necessary to obtain the same final number of CFU at the site of infection as in the controls. It is concluded that granulocytes contributed substantially to antibiotic efficacy against S. aureus in this short-term infection model.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Roxithromycin and erythromycin in chlamydia-negative non-gonococcal urethritis.

The clinical efficacy and safety of roxithromycin 300 mg once a day was compared with that of erythromycin 500 mg twice a day in 87 men with chlamydia-negative non-gonococcal urethritis. In the roxithromycin group the clinical efficacy rate was 88% on day 8 and between 78% and 84% on day 21. In the erythromycin group the clinical efficacy rate was 98% on day 8 and 86% on day 21, a non-significant difference. Side effects were mainly gastrointestinal, occurring in about 15% of patients receiving each treatment.

Chlamydia Infections↗

PubMed1998

[Comparison of roxithromycin bioavailability of a conventional and a dispersible tablet formulation].

Following oral administrations of a single dose of 150 mg roxithromycin dispersible tablet (formulation A, a new formulation for clinical trial) and conventional tablet (formulation B, purchased from the market) to each of 10 healthy male volunteers in a randomized crossover design, the plasma levels of active drug at different times were determined by a microbial assay with Micrococcus luteus CMCC (B) 28001 and the plasma concentration-time profiles were obtained. The Tmax values of formulation A and B obtained were 1.7 +/- 0.9 and 3.7 +/- 1.6 h, the Cmax values were 4.97 +/- 1.17 and 2.04 +/- 1.26 micrograms.ml-1 and the AUC0-->infinity values were 62.2 +/- 11.9 and 35.0 +/- 16.9 micrograms.h.ml-1, respectively. Surprisingly, the relative bioavailability of formulation B was found to be only 59.8% +/- 32.6% (P < 0.01). The low bioavailability of the latter formulation was attributed to poor release of roxithromycin in the gastric site, which was proposed as a key factor to influence drug absorption. Other related factors were also discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

In-vitro activity of roxithromycin against Chlamydia trachomatis.

Ten Chlamydia trachomatis isolates were tested for their sensitivity to roxithromycin, in comparison with erythromycin and tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of roxithromycin ranged from 0.03-0.12 and 0.25-1 microg/ml, respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

In-vitro and in-vivo activity of roxithromycin against Chlamydia trachomatis.

The object of study was the evaluation of both the in-vitro and in-vivo activity of roxithromycin against Chlamydia trachomatis. In-vitro activity against C. trachomatis was achieved by means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations and was recorded as 0.05 mg/l. In vivo activity was tested in 15 of 60 women, attending the Planning Clinic, who were positive for C. trachomatis. Microbiological diagnosis of chlamydial infection was achieved by using a monoclonal direct smear test (Biomerieux-C trachomatis direct IF). All the patients and their partners were treated with 150 mg of roxithromycin twice a day for 15 days. All the patients were requested to avoid unprotected sexual intercourse up to the end of the therapy. The criterion for clinical efficacy was defined as disappearance of clinical signs and the criterion for microbiological efficacy was evidence of eradication of C. trachomatis at the follow-up (mean time: 30 days). A clinical cure and chlamydial eradication was recorded for all the patients at the end of the treatment and at follow-up. Clinical safety was also satisfactory.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

[The clinical efficacy of roxithromycin in patients with acute odontogenic infections].

The clinical efficacy of a macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin, was evaluated in 24 patients affected by acute odontogenic infections. Patients were treated with a first dose of 300 mg p.o. which was followed by 150 mg p.o. 12-hourly for the following two days. Total responses were evaluated by an arbitrary scale. The results showed that an excellent and good response was obtained in 99.96% of treated patients. On the basis of clinically compared data and the drug safety it may be concluded that roxithromycin can be successfully used in the treatment of odontogenic infections.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

Inhibition of rat liver estrogen 2/4-hydroxylase activity by troleandomycin: comparison with erythromycin and roxithromycin.

Administration of troleandomycin (0.5 mmol.kg-1 p.o. daily for 5 days) decreased by 61% and 36%, respectively, the estradiol and ethinylestradiol 2/4-hydroxylase activities of hepatic microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats killed 2 hr after the last dose. This decrease did not appear to be due to the in vivo formation of the inactive cytochrome P-450 p Fe(II)-metabolite complex, since disruption of this complex with potassium ferricyanide did not increase estrogen hydroxylase activities. Troleandomycin administration, however, essentially suppressed cytochrome P-450 UT-A (one of the P-450 forms involved in the hydroxylation of estrogens) and resulted in the appearance of cytochrome P-450 forms whose estradiol hydroxylase activity was inhibitable by troleandomycin in vitro. Similarly, troleandomycin (2 mM) inhibited by 60% estradiol and ethinylestradiol 2/4-hydroxylase activities in microsomes from dexamethasone-treated rats, although it had no inhibitory effect in microsomes from control rats. In contrast, erythromycin and roxithromycin (2 mM) exerted no inhibitory effect, even in microsomes from dexamethasone-treated rats. In vivo, these macrolides (0.5 mmol.kg-1 p.o. daily for 5 days) decreased moderately cytochrome P-450 UT-A levels and estradiol 2/4-hydroxylase activity, and did not modify ethinylestradiol 2/4-hydroxylase activity. We conclude that the administration of troleandomycin, but not that of erythromycin or roxithromycin, decreases ethinylestradiol 2/4-hydroxylase activity in male rat liver microsomes, as a possible consequence of decreased cytochrome P-450 UT-A levels and of the induction of glucocorticoid-responsive P-450 forms whose ethinylestradiol hydroxylase activity is inhibitable by troleandomycin.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Our experience in treating pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis with the preparation roxithromycin].

The authors are analyzing their results of the treatment with roxithromycin 150 mg of the pelvic inflammatory disease, caused by chlamydia trachomatis. 29 patients with proved chlamydial infection were treated. The most popular diagnosis was cervicitis. 23 patients were totally cured, 4 patients were with considerable better status after the treatment, and 2 of the patients were with insignificant amelioration of the status. A conclusion can be made, that the roxithromycin is a very good alternative of the existing treatment with doxycicline.

Chlamydia Infections↗

PubMed1995

[A case of Legionella pneumonia successfully treated with roxithromycin].

A 56-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a high fever. An abnormal shadow was seen on his chest X-ray film. He was treated with piperacillin, isepamycin, and minocycline, but his fever remained and the abnormal shadow got worse. Because he had proteinuria, a severe headache, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia, Legionella pneumonia was suspected. A skin test for erythromycin was positive, so roxithromycin was given orally. By the next day the fever had remitted, the appearance of the chest X-ray film had improved, and his symptoms were promptly relieved. This case suggests that roxithromycin can be effective against Legionella pneumonia.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Efficacy and tolerability of brodimoprim and roxithromycin in acute sinusitis of bacterial origin in adults.

In two ear, nose and throat (ENT) divisions, 74 patients affected by acute sinusitis of bacterial origin were selected and, after randomization in two balanced groups following an open parallel group design, assigned to treatment with brodimorprim and roxithromycin. At the beginning, after 3 days, 7 days and at the end of treatment the following symptoms were evaluated, using a four-step score: intensity of facial pain, headache, nasal stiffness, hyposmia, nasal secretion. The mean treatment period was 8.7 days. Tolerability was evaluated through registration and analysis of side effects and laboratory blood tests. The comparison between groups showed a better activity of brodimoprim on facial pain, headache, nasal stiffness and nasal secretion. The presence of resistant bacterial strains was greater in the group treated with roxithromycin (30.8%) when compared with the brodimoprim group (12.5%). Side effects were reported in 5 patients treated with brodimoprim and in 3 patients in the control group. Lab tests did not show serious variations.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[Omeprazole modified antibiotic therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection: can clarithromycin be replaced by roxithromycin?].

Thirty-five consecutive patients (median age: 50 years, 17 men and 18 women) suffering from Helicobacter pylori associated peptic ulcer disease (duodenal ulcer: n = 15, gastric ulcer: n = 13) or severe functional dyspepsia (n = 7) were enrolled in a two-center clinical trial and treated with omeprazole 20 mg bid preprandially and roxithromycin 300 mg bid postprandially over two weeks. After cessation of the study medication, ulcer patients received a full dose H2-blocker treatment up to the final examination four weeks later. All patients completed the trial without contravening the protocol. Side effects were not recorded. The overall proportion of cure of Helicobacter pylori-infection was 29% (10 out of 35 patients) without statistically significant difference between the two participating centers (center I: 7 out of 20 patients [35%], center II: 3 out of 15 patients [20%]; p = 0.33). We conclude from our results that omeprazole plus roxithromycin is an ineffective treatment schedule with regard to cure of H.pylori-infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease or dyspepsia.

Adult↗