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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Purification of thymidylate synthetase from enzyme-poor sources by affinity chromatography.

The adsorption of thymidylate synthetase from Escherichia coli B to aminoalkyl-Sepharose with the increasing length of carbon chain (2--6 carbon atoms) was investigated. A correlation was found between the chain length and adsorption effectiveness, increasing from the two- to the six-carbon chain. A hydrophobic chromatography of the enzyme on aminobutyl-Sepharose gave about 20-fold purification. A new affinity chromatography carrier was synthesized containing tetrahydromethotrexate linked to aminoethyl-Sepharose via its carboxylic groups. The carrier adsorbed the enzyme from the crude preparation only in the presence of deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (dUMP) in a concentration of 2 X 10(-5) M. The specifically adsorbed thymidylate synthetase was eluted with sacharose-containing buffers in which dUMP was omitted. The purification procedure was applied to a crude thymidylate synthetase preparation from resting E. coli, calf thymus, Sarcoma 180, and Gardner lymphosarcoma. The purified enzyme from all mentioned sources showed one protein band on disc electrophoresis corresponding to enzymatic activity. The formation of a reversible noncovalent complex enzyme-tetrahydromethotrexate-dUMP on the affinity column is supposed.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1970

Clinico-pathological study of malignant lymphoma in Jamaica.

A clinico-pathological study of malignant lymphoma in Jamaica was undertaken to examine the disease pattern in a predominantly negro population of West African origin. During a 9-year period (1958-66) 260 histologically verified cases of malignant lymphoma were encountered. The distribution of the different histological types was as follows: Hodgkin's disease 50.9%, lymphosarcoma 33%, reticulum cell sarcoma 14.2%, giant follicular lymphoma 1.9%. No cases of Burkitt's tumour were encountered.This study indicates that malignant lymphoma is not uncommon in Jamaica, and that its distribution pattern is similar to that observed in Europe and North America, except for the paucity of giant follicular lymphoma, and is different from the pattern observed in parts of Africa populated by Negroes, where Burkitt's tumour is the most common type, and where Hodgkin's disease is relatively uncommon. The age and sex incidence was in general similar to other reported series, but the duration of symptoms was short. The majority of patients presented with generalised peripheral lymphadenopathy. Hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia were common on admission. The prognosis was generally poor in comparison with European and North American series due to advanced stage of disease on presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Radiotherapy in (localized) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the orbit].

Orbital NHLs are rare and manifest themselves primarily in localized stages. The value of radiotherapy is discussed, reviewing retrospectively the treatment results obtained in 41 patients irradiated for orbital NHL between 1958 and 1966. All were histologically verified. There were 15 lymphomas of low and nine of high malignancy according to the Kiel classification. Among the 17 remaining patients, 15 cases had been classified as reticulum cell sarcoma and two as lymphosarcoma. Fourteen cases were in stage IE, 19 in stage IIE, and eight in stage IIIE/IVE. After surgical biopsy (n = 25) or resection (n = 5), megavoltage irradiation was delivered in conventional fractionation from 20 Gy up to a total dose of 50 Gy. During the last decade treatment has been based on CT scans and corresponding computer assisted treatment planning. Clinically, complete remission was achieved in 13 out of 14 patients (93%) with stage IE, in 17 out of 19 patients (90%) with stage IIE, and in five out of eight patients (63%) with stage IIIE/IVE. The nonrecurrence rate is 65% (10 out of 14) for stage IE and 75% (13 out of 17) for stage IIE after a mean follow-up time of 36 months. As regards lymphomas of low and high malignancy, the nonrecurrence rate is 89% and 43% respectively. Recurrence (n = 8) and dissemination (n = 6) occurred only twice more than two years after radiotherapy had been discontinued. The incidence of side effects was low. Two patients developed a "dry eye." In two eyes the lens had to be removed because of progressive cataract. Radiotherapy with individual treatment planning based on CT scans is the curative treatment of choice fo localized orbital NHL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Competing-risk analysis of leukemia and nonleukemia mortality in X-irradiated, male RF mice.

The theory of competing risks, extended by the addition of several newly defined estimators, was applied to the analysis of mortality data for acutely X-irradiated, male RF mice, in which the cause of each death was assigned to one of four categories: myeloid leukemia (M), thymic lymphoma (T), lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma (L), and all remaining causes (R), Doses from 0 to 450 rads were delivered within two age ranges: A) 5-6 weeks and B) 9-10 weeks, to give 11 treatment groups totaling 2,073 mice. The data were analyzed in terms of: 1) the nonparametric, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) adjusted survival function; 2) its logarithmic transform, the cumulative force of mortality (cumFM) function; 3) a disease model called "early terminating," applied to causes M and T; and 4) a "late-terminating" model, applied to causes L and R. For any given cause and group, two estimators were used, which measured, respectively: a) the relative lateness of the corrected (or adjusted) time course and b) the relative corrected incidence. For causes M and T, these were: a) the mean age of the force of mortality distribution (MAF), or corrected mean latent period; and b) the final cumFM. For causes L and R, the estimators were: a) the adjusted mean age at death (adjMAD), given an upper limit (as %) of adjusted mortality (adjMAD, 50% for L; adjMAD, 100%--the K-M estimator--for R) and b) the cumFM at a cutoff time of 640 days. For causes M and T, the MAF values showed highly significant decreases of the latent periods with dose, through 300 rads. The final cumFM data showed a marked increase of corrected incidence with dose, for both M and T. In addition, the data for cause M were consistent with a three-parameter, leukemogenic cell model that incorporated two opposing radiation effects: leukemogenic cell potentiation and cell killing. For cause R, the adjMAD, 100% data showed a general decrease with dose and considerable scatter. For cause L, the adjMAD, 50% values showed: for treatment A, a gradual decrease with dose through 300 rads; for treatment B, a highly significant drop for 150 rads, with little change for higher doses. The cumFM, 640-day values for both L and R showed a general increase of corrected incidence with dose. The mortality curves for all causes combined showed the expected life shortening, i.e., decreases of the mean age at death with dose, in the 0- to 300-rad range. In addition, the standard deviations of the mortality curves were significantly less for animals irradiated at age range B than at age range A, for each of the doses--150, 300, and 450 rads.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Primary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract.

Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma represents approximately 1% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Gastric involvement is more common than small or large intestine and carries a better prognosis. Abdominal pain and weight loss may be the only manifestations and may be present for months or years before the diagnosis is made. Perforation and obstruction occur infrequently. Multiple tumors constitute 8% of cases. Although barium studies and endoscopy reveal the lesion in a high percentage of cases, exploratory celiotomy is not infrequently required for diagnosis. Only one-third of lymphomas are confined to the bowel at laparotomy. Histologically one-third are reticulum cell sarcomas and the remainder lymphosarcoma or lymphocytic lymphoma. Five year survival overall was 38%. Curative resections yielded a survival of 60% regardless of site while palliative resections offered only a 17% chance of cure. As expected, survival was inversely proportional to extent of nodal spread. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended for residual disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Histopathology on testicular involvement of leukemia with an emphasis on lymphatics.

The human testes in cases of malignant hematopoietic tumors, especially of leukemia, were histologically examined to characterize the mode of leukemic infiltration in comparison with that of malignant lymphoma. Materials were obtained from 56 autopsy cases, composed of 47 of leukemia, 7 of reticulum cell sarcoma and 2 of lymphosarcoma. Leukemic infiltration was confirmed in 43 (19%) of all leukemic cases and the pattern was divided into three types; diffuse, patchy and perivascular. A high grade infiltration was most common in lymphocytic leukemia. The testicular involvement was unexceptionally bilateral with occasional differences in the grade of infiltration, slight to moderate. There was no regional difference in incidence of leukemic infiltration in the testicular interstitium. A thin-walled canal located closely between the proper lamina of seminiferous tubules and the interstitial cell cluster was suggested to be lymphatics, which were extremely irregular in shape and occasionally did not have endothelium. Therefore human testicular lymphatics might not be a constant canal system, but rather akin to narrow tissue space. A network of argyrophilic fibers was pronounced in the lesion of leukemic infiltration. The frequency and grade of an involvement of the testes in malignant lymphoma were lower and lesser than those in leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An increased incidence of tumour bearing Swiss albino mice in Durham after the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

Mice which were alive in Durham at the time of the Chernobyl nuclear accident presented a highly significant increase in the incidence of those which bore tumours. The comparison is based upon mice which were studied over the previous 4 years. In males and females the increase amounted to 19 and 100 per cent respectively. The most frequent neoplasms to increase were malignant tumours of the reticuloendothelial system and of the reticuloses, lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma were prevalent in mice kept after Chernobyl. The incidence of reticuloses increased by 24 and 18 per cent in males and females respectively.

Accidents↗
PubMed1978

Malignant lymphoma and salivary obstruction.

Salivary obstruction may result from growth of a malignant tumor in the vicinity of the salivary gland, as well as result from sialolithiasis. Lymphomas of all types, including Hodgkin disease, lymphosarcoma, and reticulum cell sarcoma frequently are diagnosed in the region of the head and neck. The biopsy of a suspected tumor should be done by multiple needle biopsies. Open biopsies should be avoided to prevent seeding and spreading. When the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma is made, the tumor must be classified histologically and the extent of disease must be determined and staged for proper treatment. Treatment should consist of radiation and chemotherapy. Surgery is of little value. Malignant lymphomas usually are disseminated widely and end fatally.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Echocardiographic diagnosis of malignant lesions of the heart].

Three cases (all verified) were considered in terms of the potentialities of echocardiographic diagnosis of secondary malignant cardiac lesions (in bronchogenic lung cancer, mediastinal lymphosarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma). The following signs of malignant cardiac lesion (with the involvement of the left chambers) were noted: inadequacy of a degree of obstruction and an obstructive effect, change of the mitral valvular cusps, the presence of additional echo-signals (from a tumor) in both chambers, their distribution at the walls, the hypokinetic and akinetic character of movement.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Chronic inhalation studies in mice. II. Effects of long-term exposure to 2R1 cigarette smoke on (C57BL/Cum x C3H/AnfCum)F1 mice.

Standardized exposure conditions with Kentucky reference 2R1 cigarettes were used to expose 2,053 (C57BL/Cum x C3H/AnfCum)F1 female mice (nose only) to fresh, whole cigarette smoke. In addition, 1,014 mice were sham-exposed, and 449 mice were held as shelf controls. The protocol entailed exposing mice to smoke (or sham-exposure) on a daily basis, 5 days/week, for 110 weeks and observing remaining mice until death. A large number of animals was used so that the smoke generation and animal-holding systems could be tested and evaluated and yet provide significant numbers of animals for exposure to cigarette smoke for a major portion of their lifetime. Deposition of smoke particulates was estimated to be about 125-200 micrograms total particulate matter/lung/day. The only lung cancers observed were diagnosed as alveolar adenocarcinomas (AAC). A total of 19 of 978 smoke-exposed mice and 7 of 651 sham-exposed mice were observed with AAC. The difference between the smoke-and sham-exposed groups was not statistically significant at P less than or equal to .05, but the data suggested that the tumors occurred with a shorter latency in the smoke-exposed group (P = .10). The data were analyzed by various methods, including analysis of subsets of the population of animals. A significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer was observed in one subset; however, this difference was not found in the population as a whole or as a result of any other analyses. Under these exposure conditions, 2R1 cigarette smoke would seem to have weak carcinogenic activity in mouse lung tissue. Other changes associated with smoke exposure were increased incidence of pigmented alveolar macrophage accumulation, otitis media, and head and neck fibrosarcomas. However, the incidence of nephritis, hematopoietic cancers (e.g., leukemias, lymphosarcomas, and reticulum cell sarcomas), and pulmonary congestion was significantly higher in the sham-exposed animals.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Proportionate mortality study of workers in the grain industry.

The proportionate mortality experience and proportionate cancer mortality experience were examined for 1,114 white male members of the American Federation of Grain Millers' life insurance plan. Mortality was significantly elevated for accidents and cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems, particularly from lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma, other neoplasms of lymphoid tissue (i.e., giant follicular lymphoma and other primary malignant neoplasms of lymphoid tissue), and multiple myeloma. No increased mortality was seen for cancer of the respiratory tract, and nonmalignant diseases of the digestive tract were significantly lower than expected. Employees of grain mills showed higher mortality ratios of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers as compared to other grain industry categories. A preliminary survey of pesticide usage suggested that grain mills were generally associated with greater use of pesticides than other industrial categories with considerable variation among the many facilities encompassed in this study.

Aged↗