[Demography of medical students: analysis, projections and results].
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Adult↗
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Results for “Social Class--statistics”
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The use and abuse of environment in behavior-genetic research.
The measurements and conceptualizations of environment by environmentally oriented behavioral scientists and behavior geneticists are contrasted. For the environmentalist, the measurement of environment involves direct observation are manipulation. The environment is conceptualized as multidimensional, dynamic and transactional in nature, as well as being mediated, in its effects, by the individual. In contrast, in behavioral-genetic studies the environment is either estimated but not measured or is only measured indirectly. The conceptualization of environment used by behavior geneticists is static and global. In spite of these differing conceptualizations and measurements, areas of common interest are observed, centering around the question of how genotype and environment transact to influence development. Specifically, commonalities and joint research strategies are proposed for the areas of gene-environment correlation/transactional model and gene-environment interaction/organismic specificity.
Environment↗
[Contraception before pregnancy. Evolution between 1972 and 1975 in the Rhone-Alpes region (author's transl)].
The studies was made from two enquiries carried out on women who delivered in June 1972 and 1975 in the Rhone-Alpes region. Contraception therefore dealt exclusively with birth control before a pregnancy. It is clear that contraception has developed significantly: it is practised by 48% of women who were questioned in 1975 as compared with 41% in 1972. There is also a change in the last method used between the two dates: the pill featured in only 17% of all the method used in 1972 and 45% in 1975: on the other hand coitus interruptus went down from 41% to 21%. The spread of the use of the pill is a generalised phenomenon whereas there are several categories of women who do not seem to have used, coitus interruptus less frequently. As far as the social classes are concerned, it is to be pointed out that only non-skilled working-class people have not changed their habits as far as these two methods are concerned. Contraception is practised with more and more success as a method of birth control: on the one hand the number of conceptions which occurred when the women was using a birth control method has gone down from 27% in 1972 to 15% in 1975: on the other hand 51% of those who used a birth control method stopped using it in order to have a baby, whereas in 1972 only 32% did so. Parallel with this evolution, one can point out that the number of women who have 2 or more children has gone down. On the other hand the number of conceptions before marriage and the rhythm of the way the families are constituted has not changed between the two dates.
Adolescent↗
[The configuration frequency analysis. XIII. Multiple, canonical and multivariate prediction CFA and its use in medical sociology].
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Humans↗
[The health image among the inhabitants of Lorraine. A psycho social approach to the representations of health (author's transl)].
How does the population define health? To put to the test the techniques of a socio-psychological approach to this question, a study was made on a sample of the population of Lorraine who underwent a medical examination: a straight forward question on the best definition of health put to 4,000 participants received 6,172 replies which were classified according to 41 principal themes (or definitions), themselves logically grouped under 10 headings (or groups of definitions). In the different socio-professional categories, which proved to be the most relevant, there was a gradded series of health definitions. It thus appears that the health image varies according to the relationship of the individual to society through his job, since among manual workers the health image is more negative and socialized than among white collar workers where the image is more positive and personalized.
Attitude to Health↗
[Comparative analysis of certain nutritional parameters of fat in food rations of various population groups. III. Use of correlation and regression analysis for assessment of the nutritional quality of fat].
Correlation and regression analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation between saturated and monounsaturated fats, on the one hand, and the absolute fat content, and lower correlation with polyunsaturated fats. The increase of fat content raised the saturated fat content in the daily food rations of mental and physical workers with the lowest rise of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rise of the per cent share of saturated fatty acids was always at the expense of monosaturated fatty acids whose content decreased. A similar change was observed in polyunsaturated fatty acids. From the standpoint of nutrition another unfavourable finding was the demonstrated negative correlation between monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Adult↗
Dental erosion in four-year-old children from differing socioeconomic backgrounds.
Although there is very little epidemiological evidence on the prevalence and severity of erosion in children and adults, there have been recent case reports suggesting that the problem of erosion is increasing. This study describes the use of a simple reproducible erosion index. A total of 178 four-year-old children were assessed; almost half of these children showed signs of erosion. The most common site affected was the palatal surface of the upper incisors with 17 percent of the children examined showing visible dentine for greater than one third of the tooth surface. When considering the influence of socioeconomic group on the prevalence of erosion, four out of five children examined in the low socioeconomic group showed low levels of erosion, while a much greater prevalence was observed in the higher socioeconomic groups.
Chi-Square Distribution↗
Caries experience and mutans streptococci as indicators of caries incidence.
Studies indicate that previous caries experience can influence future caries development; however, caries-free individuals also may develop caries. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between baseline caries experience and salivary mutans streptococci (SMS) levels as an indicator for predicting caries incidence in pre-school children. One hundred forty-eight preschool children (mean baseline age, 3-8 years) of low socioeconomic status were examined for dental caries and SMS levels at baseline and annually for 2 years. All children were identified at baseline as either caries free or caries positive. The 2-year delta dmfs scores for both groups were evaluated as 0, 1-2, 3-4, or > 4. The children's baseline SMS levels were categorized as low (0 CFU), moderate (1-50 CFU), or high (> 50 CFU), and were recoded to assigned ranges of 1, 2, and 3, respectively, in each year for longitudinal analysis. Both the caries-free and caries-positive groups had high SMS levels associated with the greatest delta dmfs, and when SMS ranges were added for the three examination years (minimum = 3, maximum = 9), the mean second-year dmfs scores varied directly as the sum of the ranges. Results from this study suggest that SMS levels may be useful in identifying and predicting future caries in preschool children, independent of baseline caries experience.
Analysis of Variance↗