SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Spirometry”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[COPD: spirometry in general medicine].

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. COPD typically develops for a number of years before seeking medical help. Early detection by primary care physicians is a unique opportunity to intervene when the disease is not yet a health problem. COPD is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Pulmonary function test is thus the cornerstone for the early diagnosis of this disease. Determination of two lung volumes is enough to detect airway obstruction by spirometry: the Force Expiratory Volume during the first second (FEV1) of expiration and the Vital Capacity. Unlike electrocardiography, the procedure is a key stage in the performance of a spirometry. However, with some precautions described in the present paper, the manoeuvre is easy to perform properly. Technical considerations and limitations are also described. The interpretation of the results obtained needs a good understanding of the "normal value" and of the definition of an obstructive defect. When an obstruction is demonstrated with this simple test, it must be completed by more advanced tests to confirm the nature of the obstruction. Among these tests, the bronchodilators challenge testing, the evaluation of hyperinflation by plethysmography and the diffusing capacity of the lungs are the most currently realised tests in pulmonary function laboratories. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are necessary steps to improve the management and prevention of COPD.

Family Practice↗

PubMed2003

["Mixed" changes in spirometry--verification of the pattern of lung function impairment].

UNLABELLED: Reduction of FEV1%FVC ratio together with lowered FVC often is interpreted as "mixed" ventilatory disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real frequency of the overlapping obstructive and restrictive impairments in patients with FEV1%FVC<0.7 and FVC<80% of predicted, which is often described as "mixed" ventilatory defect. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of pulmonary function data. Only 748 out of 6673 patient's data met inclusion criteria: performed bodypletysmography and FEV1%FVC<0.7 together with FVC<80%pred. in spirometry. In all cases spirometry and whole body pletysmography were performed according to ERS standards by experienced staff using MasterLab-"Jaeger" equipment. Reference values according to ERS guidelines were applied. RESULTS: We found volume restriction defined as TLC below lower limit of normal in only 17% of the patients. There was also inverse correlation between FEV1%pred. and RV%TLC%pred. ratio. So, the basic mechanism of reduction in VC and FVC in patients with normal TLC is increased RV. CONCLUSION: "Mixed" ventilatory impairment in majority cases represents airway obstruction with lung hyperinflation. Such a coincidence of reduced FVC and FEV1%FVC ratio requires further investigations (pletysmography) to clarify the reason for the diminished vital capacity.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Spirometry: an essential clinical measurement.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory disease is common and amenable to early detection and management in the primary care setting. Spirometric evaluation of ventilatory function plays a critical role in the diagnosis, differentiation and management of respiratory illness such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and restrictive lung disorders, and is important in the assessment of lung health in smokers and those exposed to occupational and environmental hazards. OBJECTIVE: This article covers the basic theory, fundamentals of test indications, performance and equipment, the interpretation of results and the nuances behind the spirogram and the flow-volume curve. DISCUSSION: The use of spirometry by primary care physicians, practice nurses and physiotherapists is now practicable and supported by a comprehensive range of devices, training courses and reference materials. Systematic use of ventilatory assessment both in the clinic and with patient self monitoring of peak flow and FEV1 has the capacity to improve patient understanding, confidence in self management, and quality of life for those with lung disease. Spirometry may also provide a useful modality for following the progress of those with neuromuscular disease and incipient respiratory muscle weakness and for the promotion of respiratory health in the community setting, although further research in all these areas is required.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗

PubMed2005

[Feasibility and predicted equations of spirometry in Shenzhen preschool children].

UNLABELLED: Morbidity of chronic lung disease in young children is relatively high, and could increase in the future. Pulmonary function testing is used for clinical assessment of patients with suspected or obvious pulmonary disease to assess the severity of dysfunction and to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness. In the recent few years, forced expiratory parameters assessing lung function have been measured in older children. In order to assess abnormalities of lung function in preschool patients with respiratory disorders based on changes of forced expiratory parameters, adequate reference values are needed. However, such data in healthy preschool children remain scant in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the spirometry of preschool children and establish the normal lung function prediction equations for Chinese preschool children. METHODS: A survey in 343 healthy preschool children (184 boys and 159 girls) aged 3 to 6 years (73 children aged 3 years, 96 children aged 4 years, 91 children aged 5 years and 83 children aged 6 years) was carried out in Shenzhen in 2004. Eleven flow volume tests parameters, i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 0.5 second (FEV(0.5)), forced expiratory volume at 0.75 second (FEV(0.75)), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV(1)), maximal mid expiratory flow rate (FEF(25%-75%)), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory time (FET100%) were measured by using COSMED spirometry produced in Italy. Stepwise multiple regressions and non-linear regressions were carried out with the statistical software SPSS10.0 for Windows to identify the best predictors of lung function parameters using standing height, weight, age and gender as potential determinants. RESULTS: Spirometric tests could be successfully carried out by using imagery methods in the following percentages of children: 69.9% of 3 to 4 years old, 70.8% of 4 to 5 years old, 92.3% of 5 to 6 years old and 91.6% of 6 to 7 years old children, 77.7% of the selected population (217/279) of children performed at least two acceptable tests respectively. The average forced expiratory time (FET) was 1.61 +/- 0.52 sec (x +/- s), the 5th percentile value was 0.9 sec, 18 of 279 (6.5%) children produced a FET less than 1 second. Forced expiratory volume in 0.50 and 0.75 sec (FEV(0.5), FEV(0.75)) were thus measured necessary in preschool children. All lung volumes and flow rates increased with age, height as well as weight growth in both gender groups. The correlation among most lung function parameters was higher in height than in age and weight in boys. Whereas the correlation among most lung function parameters was higher in age than in height and weight in girls. The regression equations of lung function were established. By comparison with the equations derived from this study and from studies by Nystad, it was found that there was a difference between the predicted values. CONCLUSION: Spirometric testing is feasible in preschool children by using imagery methods and may be useful for both clinical practice and research. The correlation among most lung function parameters was higher in height than in age and weight in boys. Whereas the correlation among most lung function parameters was higher in age than in height and weight in girls.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Preoperative spirometry predicts perioperative pulmonary complications after major vascular surgery.

This study determined utility of preoperative spirometry for prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) defined as pneumonia, ventilator dependence greater than 48 hours, and adult respiratory distress syndrome in 147 patients undergoing vascular surgery from June 1988 through March 1990 [39 aortic aneurysm repairs, 21 carotid procedures, and 87 operations for occlusive disease including aorto-ileofemoral, infra-inguinal, and visceral]. The incidence of PPC was 12.9 per cent, while cardiac complications (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and ventricular arrhythmias) were present in 9.8 per cent. Prior or current smoking, which was present in 80 per cent, was not predictive of PPC. FEV1 was 2.2 +/- 0.7 L/s (mean +/- 1 SD). Abnormal FEV1 (2.0 or less L/s) was present in 42 per cent (n = 62). For FEV1 of 2.0 or less, PPC rate was 22.5 per cent versus 5.8 per cent for FEV1 greater than 2.0 L/s (P less than 0.005, Fisher exact). The incidence of PPC was 30.7 per cent for aortic aneurysm repair, 8.0 per cent for occlusive disease, and 4.7 per cent for carotid procedures. Abdominal aortic procedures (performed in 67 patients: 39 for aortic aneurysm repair and 28 for aortoiliac occlusive disease) were associated with a PPC rate of 22.4 per cent versus 5.0 per cent for "nonabdominal" procedures (P less than 0.002, Fisher exact). Life table analysis after surgery demonstrated decreased survival for patients with PPC (P = 0.031, Mantel-Haensel) during follow-up (250 +/- 165 days). PPC are associated with abnormal FEV1 and abdominal vascular procedures. In conclusion, preoperative spirometry is useful for the prediction of PPC after vascular surgery.

Diagnostic Tests, Routine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diffusing capacity and spirometry following a 60-minute dive to 4.5 meters.

The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of SCUBA to the pulmonary effects of diving to 4.5 meters depth in healthy subjects using a randomized crossover control condition. Ten healthy divers performed two 60-minute 'dives' using SCUBA in a swimming pool. The non-immersed 1 ATA SCUBA control exposure took place at ambient pressure in the laboratory. Thirty minutes prior to, and 30 and 90 minutes post-exposure, FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1.0 (forced expired volume), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diffusing capacity (DL(co)), heart rate (HR) and temperature were measured. No significant differences were noted in HR, temperature or spirometry between the two conditions. A significant reduction in diffusing capacity occurred at 30 and 90 minutes after the pool dive (9.3% and 15.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no concordant change in DL(co) following the non-immersed 1 ATA SCUBA control. Thus, a pool dive to 4.5 meters for 60 minutes causes a decrease in DL(co), without a change in spirometry, while breathing from SCUBA equipment without immersion causes no significant change in lung function.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Evaluation of flow-volume curves generated by forced-expiratory spirometry in anesthetized dogs.

Positive-pressure plethysmography was used to generate partial and maximal flow-volume data in 10 anesthetized dogs. Acetylcholine (ACh) administered IV induced significant (P less than 0.05) changes in tidal breathing, as evidenced by decreased tidal volume, increased respiratory rate and dynamic resistance, and decreased dynamic compliance. Partial forced-expiratory spirometry-determined from end inspiratory capacity and functional residual capacity, revealed changes in flow and volume as a result of ACh treatment. These changes were not seen in maximal curves (determined from total lung capacity). Peak expiratory flows were limited by the presence of an endotracheal tube. Use of instantaneous time-constant variables to evaluate the concavity or convexity of the downslope of a flow-volume curve did not reveal differences after IV ACh administration. Seemingly, partial forced-expiratory spirometry was useful in detecting bronchoconstriction in anesthetized dogs. Accepted techniques of flow-volume curve analysis for the evaluation of small airway function were not sensitive enough to detect bronchoconstriction in the dog.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Prediction of postoperative respiratory complications by simple spirometry.

Spirometry was carried out before and after operation in groups of patients undergoing three preselected surgical procedures. The patterns of impairment of pulmonary function in each group are discussed. Only in patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy was spirometry of value in determining an 'at-risk' group for the development of respiratory complications. Discrimination was optimal on the 1st postoperative day, making it possible for 70% of patients to be discharged from hospital 48 h after this operation with little risk of subsequent respiratory complications.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗

PubMed1984

[Equipment of a water spirometer with a view to automation of spirometry].

This work describes the complete automatisation of spirometry, the basic examination when assessing respiratory function. The movements of a water spirometer bell, transformed into electrical signals, are transmitted to a micro-computer, equipped with a digital analogue interface and then analysed. A few seconds after the performance of the examination the complete results are automatically edited in absolute values and as a percentage of predicted values (CECA). They are compared to previous calculations in the same spirometer, using the usual technique. The correlations obtained between the two series of results (145 examinations) show the reliability of the automated technique both for calculating volumes as for the maximal expired flows. In conclusion, while conserving the standard information in spirometry, the automatisation of this exam allows a considerable saving of time.

Computers↗

PubMed1980

A comparison of diluent and methacholine challenge with spirometry and the body plethysmograph.

Bronchial reactivity to inhaled diluent and methacholine was determined for asthmatics using automated spirometry. These data were compared with challenge data from a matched group of asthmatics previously studied plethysmographically. High correlations were obtained between all indices both groups, suggesting that spirometry is adequate for the clinical characterization of the methacholine response.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[The effects of incentive spirometry on pulmonary functions].

The effects of incentive spirometry on pulmonary functions were studied in 46 normal adults of advanced age ('N' group) and 42 patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema ('E' group). Subjects of the both groups carried out deep breathing exercises by using incentive spirometry, 'Souffle', for five minutes, five times daily for four weeks. Pulmonary functions and arterial blood gases were measured at the start of exercise program, and at two and four weeks after the start. Both groups showed significant increases in VC, FEV1.0, peak expiratory flow, the flow at 75 percent VC (V75), maximal voluntary ventilation and PaO2, and a significant decrease in A-aDO2 at both two and four weeks after the start. In addition, V25 increased significantly in 'E' group. It is concluded that 'Souffle' is one of the useful preoperative respiratory managements for elderly patients and those with chronic pulmonary emphysema.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability and validity of spirometry measurements in a paperless home monitoring diary program for lung transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that home spirometry measurements are reliable and valid and can be used as part of a home measurement monitoring system by lung transplant recipients. DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational. SETTING: University medical center. SUBJECTS: Eighteen patients who have undergone lung transplantation; age range was 24 to 63 years (mean of 49.5 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Reliability and validity of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). INTERVENTION: Recording of spirometry, vital signs, and symptom measures at home each day by use of a paperless electronic diary/spirometer instrument. RESULTS: Day-to-day variability as measured by the standard deviation ranged from 0.013 L to 0.202 L for FVC and 0.015 L to 0.117 L for FEV1. The correlation between the two best forced expiratory maneuvers on any given day was 0.98 for both FVC and FEV1, with percent differences between the measurements of 2% for FVC and 3% for FEV1. The correlation between measurements performed in the pulmonary function laboratory and measurements done by the patient at home on the same day was 0.94 for FVC and 0.99 for FEV1. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation demonstrated that home measurements are both reliable (i.e., repeatable) and valid when compared with the "gold standard" of the pulmonary function laboratory. The home monitoring program has been well accepted by patients, is easy to use, and provides data comparable to that collected during clinic visits.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The value of pulse oximetry during the performance of a forced spirometry maneuver].

Given that forced spirometry is the main routine exploration in any laboratory of pulmonary functional assessment, we have analyzed the behaviour of O2 arterial saturation (SaO2) during such maneuver in patients with airflow chronic obstruction (AFCO), in order to verify any potential alterations. We have studied three groups of patients: Group A, control, 17 healthy subjects; group B, 18 patients with AFCO and initial saturation higher than 90%; group C, 15 patients with AFCO and saturation equal to or lower than 90%. Total duration of the maneuver was significantly higher in groups B and C compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In groups A and B, we did not observed any significant reductions in SaO2 with respect to the initial value, although we did observed such differences in group C (p < 0.001). None of the patients presented a subjective clinical disorder, although the absence of both complexity and risk suggest the convenience of including the oximetry as an additional parameter when conducting a forced spirometry in patients with AFCO and respiratory failure.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

A guide to spirometry as applied to occupational health.

In the context of occupational health, spirometric testing of respiratory function has a number of important applications. These applications can be expected to become more widespread in view of extensive changes to occupational health and compensation legislation in South Africa. Spirometry is an essential component of pre-assignment medical examinations at the commencement of employment; of medical surveillance of workers exposed to hazardous substances so as to intervene when early changes in pulmonary function are detected; of medical evaluation of functional impairment for appropriate job relocation or compensation; and of research. These applications of spirometry each have special considerations which are detailed.

Female↗

PubMed1996

Spirometry of healthy adult South African men. Part I. Normative values.

AIM: To determine normative spirometric values for black and white South African men. METHODS: A population of 796 bank personnel were subjected to spirometry and anthropometric measurements. An exhaustive questionnaire and radiographic screening process was used to identify a healthy population. Spirometry was performed using two calibrated instruments, a sleeve sealed piston spirometer (Autolink) and a bellows spirometer (Vitalograph). The methodological guidelines of the American Thoracic Society were observed. In the regression analysis Mallow's CP statistic was used to identify the best prediction models. RESULTS: Compelling evidence was found in support of incorporating sitting height in prediction equations. For the Autolink studies the prediction equations (based on age, standing height and weight) for forced vital capacity (FVC) (litres) were as follows: blacks: 0.053 height-0.030 age- 3.54; and whites: 0.056 height-0.038 age-3.07; for forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1) (litres) blacks: 0.036 height-0.032 age-1.18; and whites: 0.042 height-0.038 age-1.45. For the Vitalograph the equations were: FVC: blacks 0.048 height-0.024 age- 3.08 L; whites 0.056 height-0.031 age-3.42; FEV1: blacks 0.029 height-0.027 age-0.535; whites 0.042 height-0.036 age-1.84. CONCLUSION: The Vitalograph yielded significantly lower values than the Autolink for FVC measurements despite absolute consistency in methods. In view of the fact that the present study was conducted on healthy men, free from noxious industrial exposure, using state-of-the-art methods, these prediction equations may be regarded as the definitive norms for adult South African males.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Ultrasound spirometry in the horse: a preliminary report on the method and the effects of xylazine and lobeline hydrochloride medication.

A new computerised ultrasound-based spirometry system according to Buess et al. (1995) modified by a double flow measurement facility was used to study pulmonary function in healthy horses and horses affected with subclinical and manifest chronic bronchiolitis (CB). The horses were first evaluated at rest without any medication. On another occasion all horses were tested following i.v. administration of xylazine (0.4 mg/kg) and following i.v. administration of lobeline hydrochloride (l.hy.; 0.2 mg/kg) to evaluate the effect of xylazine and l.hy. on different spirometric variables. Ultrasound-based spirometry proved to be an easily applicable method for lung function testing, even in difficult horses. However, there existed a pronounced physiological variation for all measured lung function parameters and no significant differences between healthy horses and horses with chronic bronchiolitis could be found except for the expiratory tidal volume (VTE p < 0.05). Individually, a marked decrease of variability from breath to breath following either xylazine and l.hy. administration could be observed for all parameters, except the flow-time-ratio (Tpef./ Texp.) and the flow-volume-ratio (Vpef./Vexp).

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Usefulness of on-line spirometry in bronchospasm occurring during anesthesia].

A 45-yr-old asthmatic male was undergoing urgent clipping of the cerebral aneurysm. On-line spirometry was performed by a Ultima produced by Datex Co., Ltd. Bronchospasm occurred just after the endotracheal intubation. Inspiratory airway pressure increased and ausculation of the chest revealed bilateral wheezing. On the screen of the ventilatory monitor, right- and downward shift of P-V loops was noted. Intravenous and inhalational bronchodilator therapy was started. Symptoms improved gradually and P-V loops were also normalized. This case demonstrates that the on-line spirometry is useful for estimating and recording the severity of the bronchospasm occurring during anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1997

[Diaphragm kinetics coupled with spirometry. M-mode ultrasonographic and fluoroscopic study; preliminary results].

Most techniques used so far for the evaluation of diaphragm kinetics are either invasive (electromyography, fluoroscopy), or indirect (respiratory pressures, impedance plethysmography). The aim of this study was to determine whether assessment with ultrasound or fluoroscopy differed, and which technique appeared more suitable in the investigation of quantitative hemidiaphragmatic displacement. Six patients (3 female, 3 male, aged 29 to 40) without respiratory disease were studied during systematic X-Ray chest examination, spirometry, and abdominal sonography. The amplitude of the right diaphragm motion could be measured in all patients with M-mode sonography as well as with fluoroscopy. The vertical ascending motion of the diaphragm measured by M-mode sonography, reached 60% of its maximum amplitude at 50% of inspiratory capacity. There was a significant correlation between the maximum amplitude of diaphragm motion as measured by M-mode sonography (5.8 +/- 0.4 cm; r = 0.89; p = 0.019) or fluoroscopy (5.6 +/- 0.7 cm; r = 0.84; p = 0.036) and the inspiratory capacity (2.73 +/- 0.39 l). M-mode sonography has technical, quantitative and qualitative advantages over fluoroscopy and should be the method of choice in the investigation of suspected diaphragmatic movement disorder. When coupled with other techniques like spirometry, this technique could represent a useful adjunct to functional respiratory studies.

Adult↗