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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Clinical evaluation of a 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office whitening system.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of light-curing (heat conversion) vs no light-curing (no heat conversion) of a 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office tooth whitening system. Twenty patients with sound medical history (without tooth sensitivity) participated in this randomized, parallel clinical evaluation. Only six maxillary anterior teeth with discoloration and a tooth shade of A3 or darker were selected. Patients received a complete prophylaxis and were evaluated for initial (baseline) shade by three independent evaluators, precalibrated at 85% rater reliability in determining shades before the experiment began. Participants received a 20-minute chairside whitening treatment with a 35% hydrogen peroxide agent using a reflective resin barrier for gingival isolation. During the whitening treatment, the 35% hydrogen peroxide agent was light-activated with a halogen curing light on teeth Nos. 6 through 8 (Group I), but was not light-activated on teeth Nos. 9 through 11 (Group II). All patients returned 24 hours after the whitening application for shade evaluation. Although there were isolated instances (7 out of 20 patients) of greater degrees of lightening in the light-curing group, there was no statistically significant difference using the Mann-Whitney U test (P > .05). This study indicates that light-curing is optional with this 35% tooth whitening system.

Cuspid↗
PubMed2002

Safety profile of a new liquid whitening gel.

Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel, an at-home tooth-whitening product purchased over the counter, contains 18% carbamide peroxide (equivalent to 6.5% hydrogen peroxide) as the active ingredient in a brush-applied liquid gel. The excipients include ingredients commonly used in dentifrices. The potential for effects on the tooth pulp, oral soft tissue irritation, enamel damage, and tooth sensitivity with this peroxide-containing product have been evaluated. An in vitro study demonstrated that pulpal chamber hydrogen peroxide levels are well below those considered to cause an effect on pulpal tissue. An exaggerated-use (4 applications per day for 3 weeks) clinical study showed that no oral irritation occurred during 3 weeks of use. A study measuring peroxide salivary concentration after use of Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel showed that the concentration of peroxide in the saliva after use of the product was extremely low, further supporting the position that this product has a low potential for causing oral irritation. Additional studies demonstrate that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel does not harm the enamel surface or produce demineralization after exposure equivalent to 3 weeks of normal use and over 6 weeks of exaggerated use. Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel has not produced oral irritation (hard and soft tissues) or tooth hypersensitivity in a clinical subject population of 141 individuals using varying treatment regimens. These studies prove that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel is safe for daily use as directed.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2002

Comparative 3-week clinical tooth-shade evaluation of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

A randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, parallel-group clinical trial was performed to compare the tooth-whitening benefits of a novel, nontray, "paint-on" liquid gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel) to those of a commercially available whitening dentifrice. Efficacy was measured by using Vita shade scores obtained at baseline and after 2 and 3 weeks of product use. Eighty subjects were first balanced according to gender, age, and shade scores into two groups. Half were then randomly assigned to either alpha 3-week routine of tooth-brushing (using a nonwhitening dentifrice) and twice-daily 18% carbamide peroxide gel application or a 3-week routine of twice-daily brushing with the commercially available whitening dentifrice. At the completion of the study, the results showed that subjects' teeth in the liquid whitening gel-treated group exhibited a statistically significant (P < .05) 4.12 mean tooth-shade improvement compared to baseline and exhibited a mean score that was 3.7 units higher than the corresponding mean score of the group assigned to use the whitening dentifrice (statistically significant, P < .05). It can therefore be concluded that the combined use of Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel immediately after brushing with a regular toothpaste is clinically superior at whitening teeth than solely using a clinically proven, commercially available whitening dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical comparison of the stain-removal efficacy of a novel liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide and a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

The objective of this examiner-blind clinical study was to compare the extrinsic tooth-stain removal efficacy of a novel, nontray, "paint-on" liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel) with a commercially available whitening dentifrice. After a baseline examination for extrinsic tooth stain, qualifying adult men and women from Canada were randomized into two treatment groups balanced for age, gender, and level of extrinsic tooth stain. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute with their assigned dentifrice (Group 1: nonwhitening dentifrice; Group 2: whitening dentifrice). The subjects in Group 1 also were instructed to use the paint-on whitening gel for 30 minutes twice daily. Examinations for extrinsic tooth stain were repeated after 2 and 3 weeks. Ninety-seven subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At both the 2- and 3-week examinations, subjects assigned to the liquid whitening gel-treatment group exhibited statistically significant reductions in extrinsic tooth stain (P < .05) with respect to stain area (22.7% reduction at 3 weeks), stain intensity (26.3% reduction at 3 weeks), and overall stain removal (32% reduction at 3 weeks) compared with the commercially available whitening dentifrice group. Thus, the results of the examiner-blind clinical study support the conclusion that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel provides a significantly greater level of extrinsic tooth-stain removal efficacy than a commercially available whitening dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Efficacy of a novel, nontray, paint-on 18% carbamide peroxide whitening gel.

A double-blind, 3-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the tooth-whitening efficacy of a novel nontray, "paint-on" liquid whitening gel containing 18% carbamide peroxide (Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel). Efficacy was based on measured Vita tooth-shade scores collected at baseline and after 2 and 3 weeks of product use. Eighty healthy volunteers were balanced into 2 groups based on gender, age, and shade scores (A3 or higher). The duration of product usage was 30 minutes, twice daily, for 3 weeks. Results from this clinical study showed that subjects' teeth in the liquid whitening gel-treated group exhibited an overall mean 3.84-shade improvement and a 3.5-shade difference compared with teeth in the placebo gel group (statistically significant, P < .05) after 3 weeks. Furthermore, this improvement exceeds the minimum requirement to claim "clinical efficacy" as established by the "Guidelines for the Acceptance of Peroxide-Containing Oral Hygiene Products," published by the American Dental Association in 1994. Therefore, it can be concluded that Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel significantly whitens teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of three professional at-home tooth whitening systems.

A three-cell, randomized, parallel, investigator-blinded clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of three professional at-home tooth whitening systems, including Crest Professional Whitestrips (6.5% H2O2), Day White 2 (7.5% H2O2) and Nite White Excel 2 (16% carbamide peroxide equivalent). Ninety subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (30/group). Subjects were instructed to use the assigned whitener following the manufacturers' instructions. Clinical examinations at baseline, and on days 3, 7, 14, and 18 (Day White), or 21 (Crest Professional Whitestrips and Nite White) included the following parameters: 1) oral tissues; 2) tooth shade by the Vitapan Classical shade guide; 3) tooth shade by a chromameter with a jig; and, 4) tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. The results showed significant shade reductions with time in all three groups. Nite White resulted in significantly greater shade reductions in periods between days 7, 14, or 21 and baseline than did the other two systems. Tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation, which were mostly mild and transient, occurred in all groups. It is concluded that all three whitening systems evaluated are effective and safe. Nite White Excel is superior to the other two systems because it provides a greater whitening efficacy with comparable or lower incidence of tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of a novel liquid tooth whitening gel.

PURPOSE: To clinically evaluate a new system for at-home tooth whitening (Colgate Simply-White Whitening Gel), by comparing tooth color improvement and adverse event incidence after 14-days treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 22 subjects (aged 21-46 years) were enrolled into the study. Tooth color and safety assessments were conducted at baseline and following a 2-week at-home treatment. Efficacy was assessed using VITA shade scores. Safety evaluations were performed including the examination of plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BOP), gingival recession and dentin hypersensitivity. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the mean change from baseline. RESULTS: The new whitening gel releasing 5.9% hydrogen peroxide was significantly effective in lightening tooth shade. After only 2 weeks, patients enrolled in the study exhibited an overall mean 3.56-shade improvement from baseline, far superior than minimum values established in ADA Guidelines for the acceptance of peroxide-containing oral hygiene products. Periodontal health (PI and BOP) improved with time overall. Dentin hypersensitivity slightly increased, but it was very well tolerated. No patient discontinued study participation due to such an adverse event. Therefore, it was concluded that the new Colgate Simply White Clear Whitening Gel provided clinically proven, safe and effective at-home tooth whitening.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Clinical response of two brush-applied peroxide whitening systems.

OBJECTIVE: A randomized, examiner-blind parallel design study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and tolerability of two brush-applied, peroxide-based tooth whiteners. METHODOLOGY: A total of 38 subjects were randomized to Colgate Simply White, an 18% carbamide peroxide paint-on liquid in an applicator bottle, or Crest Night Effects, a 19% sodium percarbonate system in unit dose sachets that dries to form an adherent film. Treatment was for 14 days. The 18% carbamide peroxide gel was applied twice daily, while the 19% sodium percarbonate film was applied for overnight use. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, and again after 7 and 14 days of treatment using digital images to assess tooth color, and oral examinations to establish safety. Whitening efficacy was determined by evaluating the reduction in tooth yellowness (delta b*), increase in tooth brightness (delta L*), reduction in tooth redness (delta a*) and overall tooth color change relative to pure white (delta W*). RESULTS: After 14 days, the mean change in yellowness (delta b*) was -1.43 +/- 0.20 for the 19% sodium percarbonate film, and -0.44 +/- 0.06 for the 18% carbamide peroxide gel. Mean change in brightness (delta L*) was 1.13 +/- 0.13 and 0.55 +/- 0.13 in the film and gel groups, respectively. Between-group comparisons showed highly significant (p < or = 0.003) whitening for the 19% sodium percarbonate film compared to the 18% carbamide peroxide gel for all 14-day color measurements (delta b*, delta L*, delta a* or delta W). Both products were well-tolerated, with no subjects discontinuing treatment early due to a causal adverse event. CONCLUSION: In a direct clinical comparison of two brush-applied products over 14 days, Crest Night Effects provided significant and meaningful improvement in tooth color, representing more than double the whitening measured for the Colgate Simply White.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Comparative clinical investigation of the tooth whitening efficacy of two tooth whitening gels.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical study was to compare the tooth whitening efficacy of two tooth whitening gel products--Colgate Simply White Night Clear Whitening Gel containing either 25% carbamide peroxide, or 8.7% hydrogen peroxide--when used once daily at night. METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline tooth shade evaluation using the Vita Shade Guide, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Central New Jersey area were randomized into two treatment groups, which were balanced for baseline Vita Shade Guide scores, gender and age. The treatment groups were: 1) a tooth whitening gel containing 25% carbamide peroxide; or 2) a tooth whitening gel containing 8.7% hydrogen peroxide. All subjects were given a commercially available, non-whitening dentifrice and a soft-bristled toothbrush at the beginning of the study. In addition, they were also given one of the two tooth whitening gel products. All subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for one minute twice daily (morning and evening) with the non-whitening toothpaste. The subjects were further instructed to apply their assigned tooth whitening gel product once daily at night, per the instructions provided. Evaluations of tooth shade for each subject were repeated after two weeks, and again after three weeks of product use. RESULTS: Fifty-nine (59) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the three-week study. At both the two-week and three-week examinations, all subjects exhibited statistically significant (p < 0.05) tooth shade lightening relative to baseline tooth shade. Further, there was no statistically significant difference in tooth shade lightening between the two tooth whitening gel products. CONCLUSION: The results of this clinical study indicate that after once daily use at night for two or three weeks, a tooth whitening gel containing 25% carbamide peroxide and a tooth whitening gel containing 8.7% hydrogen peroxide both provided statistically significant tooth shade lightening relative to baseline tooth shade. The results also showed that there was no statistical difference in tooth whitening efficacy between the two tooth whitening gel products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Tooth whitening effects of an experimental power whitening toothbrush relative to an 8.7% hydrogen peroxide paint-on gel control.

PURPOSE: To assess the whitening efficacy of a new whitening power toothbrush, designed specifically for the removal of extrinsic stains, relative to an 8.7% hydrogen peroxide paint-on gel control. METHODS: This study was a randomized, single center, two-treatment, parallel design, 4-week, controlled study (n = 27) conducted to measure the whitening ability of an experimental power toothbrush relative to a peroxide paint-on gel control used in conjunction with a manual toothbrush. Subjects were randomized to the experimental battery-powered toothbrush group (twice a day brushing with Crest Cavity Protection dentifrice for 2 minutes each time) or the peroxide paint-on gel control group who applied Colgate Simply White Night per manufacturer's instructions once a day prior to bedtime for the first 14 days of the study as well as brushed twice a day with Crest Cavity Protection dentifrice for 2 minutes using the ADA manual reference toothbrush over the 4-week study period. Study evaluations included objective digital image analysis (L* a* b*) and oral soft tissue examinations at baseline, Week 2 and Week 4. In addition, a pilot, single center, 1-week study (n = 9) was conducted to measure the absolute whitening ability of the experimental power toothbrush as measured by digital imaging analysis in a high stain population, induced by 1 week of rinsing with tea. Study evaluations included digital image analysis (L*a*b*) and oral soft tissue examinations at baseline and Week 1 following brushing with the experimental power toothbrush. RESULTS: In the comparative study, the average baseline L*, b*, and W* values were well-balanced across treatment groups. At the Week 2 visit, adjusted (via ANCOVA) mean deltaL*, delta(a)*, delta(b)* and deltaW* values of 0.08, -0.41, -0.08, and -0.28, respectively, were observed in the peroxide paint-on control group, relative to adjusted mean deltaL*, delta(a)*, delta(b)* and deltaW* values of 0.16, -0.19, -0.38, and -0.33, respectively, in the experimental power toothbrush group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups for any of the endpoints. However, delta(b)* and deltaW* values for the experimental power toothbrush group were statistically significantly improved relative to baseline. At the Week 4 visit, adjusted (via ANCOVA) mean deltaL*, delta(a)*, delta(b)* and deltaW* values of -0.15, -0.24, -0.14, and -0.04, respectively, were observed in the peroxide paint-on control group, relative to adjusted mean deltaL*, delta(a)*, delta(b)* and deltaW* values of 0.02, -0.12, -0.22, and -0.15, respectively, in the experimental power toothbrush group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two treatments groups for any color endpoints of deltaL*, delta(a)*, delta(b)*, or deltaW*. In the induced stain study, the average baseline L*, a*, b*, and W* values were 71.21, 8.28, 19.01, and 35.52, respectively. At the Week 1 visit, the mean deltaL*, delta(a)*, delta(b)*, and deltaW* values were 0.55, -0.27, 0.00, and -0.51 respectively. The deltaL* and deltaW* were statistically significantly improved (P < 0.05) relative to baseline.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body dysmorphic disorder: diagnosis and treatment.

Our society constantly sees images of athletes and models in movies and magazines and on television. These people often are presented as representing the ideals of the human body. These images can have a significant effect on people who already are predisposed to being preoccupied with their appearance, those who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). People who have this disorder are preoccupied with certain aspects of their bodies and often seek to remedy their perceived flaws with cosmetic treatment. A general dentist may be the first health care worker who has an opportunity to intervene and assist these people in getting treatment. Patients may have unrealistic expectations for certain procedures, so assessing their psychological status is an important part of treatment planning and diagnosis. Patient expectations should be determined and the ability to provide care that meets those expectations should be discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Placebo-controlled clinical trial of a 19% sodium percarbonate whitening film: initial and sustained whitening.

PURPOSE: To evaluate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial the initial, cumulative and sustained whitening with a brush-applied, peroxide-based, overnight tooth whitener. METHODS: 50 adults were randomized to Crest Night Effects, a 19% sodium percarbonate gel that dries to form an adherent film, or a placebo gel without any peroxide source. The treatments were brush-applied at night, and removed the next morning with normal toothbrushing. Subjects were evaluated biweekly during the 6-week treatment period to evaluate initial and cumulative color change, and again, 4 weeks after completion of treatment to evaluate color relapse. Efficacy was determined by evaluating reduction in tooth yellowness (delta b*), increase in tooth brightness (delta L*) and overall change relative to white (delta W*) from standardized digital images. Tolerability was assessed by examination and interview conducted at treatment and post-treatment visits. RESULTS: Relative to baseline, the 19% sodium percarbonate film group had significantly (P < or = 0.013) whiter teeth after 2 weeks overnight use. For maxillary teeth, delta b* and delta L* means (SD) were: -1.35 (0.858) and 1.06 (0.886), respectively. For mandibular teeth, delta b* and delta L* means (SD) were: -1.27 (0.903) and 0.56 (0.790), respectively. Relative to placebo, the 19% sodium percarbonate group was significantly (P < 0.005) better than placebo for delta b*, delta L*, and delta W*. There was a cumulative benefit with additional treatment, as evidenced by significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in mean delta b* after the initial 2 weeks of treatment. Approximately 90% of the 6-week cumulative color improvement was still evident after 4 weeks post-treatment. Tooth sensitivity (20% of the peroxide group) represented the only adverse event with increased occurrence over placebo, and these events were mild and fully resolved during/after treatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Contemporary trends and techniques in tooth whitening: a review.

UNLABELLED: The popularity of tooth whitening has increased with the advent of patient-applied, peroxide-based whitening agents, as well as increased media influence. Peroxides are considered effective and safe when used under professional supervision. Whitening methods include those prescribed by a dental professional for the patient's at-home use, those applied by the dental professional in the office, a combination of both, or methods available over the counter (OTC). This article reviews the effect of contemporary whitening agents and illustrates the clinical application of three methods prescribed by dental professionals. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: This article presents the use of three different types of whitening agents for improved aesthetics. Upon reading this article, the reader should be able to: Distinguish the difference between professionally administered in-office and at-home tooth-whitening results. Identify the effects of whitening agents on dental tissues.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Progress in the treatment of stained teeth].

The treatment of stained teeth has been one of the striking aspects of stomatology and esthetic dentistry. Based on detailed data and references, this article introduces the types of stained teeth and the main treatment methods including strong point, weakness, limitation of the usage, result, and the relevant mechanisms. It addresses the researches on problems in the treatment of stained teeth. Also in this paper is envisaged what will be done to treat the stained teeth in future.

Dental Veneers↗