SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Trace Elements”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Liver cirrhosis and metabolism (sugar, protein, fat and trace elements).

The metabolism of various nutrients in the liver indicates the presence and severity of liver disorder, and can also reveal suitable nutritional treatment strategies. This paper overviews liver cirrhosis, investigates nutritional therapy and the role of malnutrition in patients with liver disease, and analyzes metabolism in the diseased liver of amino acids (BCAA etc.), carbohydrates and fats, with special attention to the metabolism of trace elements for diagnostic, surveillance and treatment. Trace elements play an essential role in maintaining vital functions, and excess or deficiency leads to metabolic disorders. To investigate the effect of trace element concentrations in liver disorders, we conducted tests comparing the concentrations of trace elements among patients at various stages of liver cirrhosis, and found a significant correlation between trace element metabolism and disease presence and progression. There is also a correlation between serum trace element concentrations and metalloprotein concentrations in the body, imbalances in which play a role in liver disease. Excess or deficiency can be rectified for improvement of liver disease. Because trace element concentrations are markers of oxidative stress levels in the liver, analysis of the concentrations can also be used for diagnosis of liver disease as well as indicating the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1980

Metabolic interactions of copper with other trace elements.

Metabolic interactions between copper and other trace elements influence not only the susceptibility of animals and humans to deficiency or toxicity of copper but also the biochemical and pathological consequences of these states. Antagonistic trace elements affect the utilization of copper by reducing its solubility within the intestinal lumen, by competing with copper during its absorption or transport, or by modifying its distribution between receptors in body tissues. The derangement of iron-dependent functions during the development of copper deficiency provides a further example of such interactions which, in this instance, arise from the involvement of copper in processes that apparently regulate the flux of iron between plasma and cellular pools. This paper deals with recent studies of the mechanisms of the interactions between copper and zinc, cadmium molybdenum and iron.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Trace elements in neoplasm tissues of the larynx].

Trace elements are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Changes in bioelements concentration were observed in numerous pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was evaluation of trace elements concentration in neoplasmatic tissues of the larynx. The study comprised 52 patients operated for cancer of the larynx. Levels of magnesium, zinc and copper in neoplasmatic tissues of the larynx were determined using atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry. The results were compared with the control group. Elevated levels of magnesium were observed in neoplasmatic tissues of the larynx. Zinc and copper levels were lowered in comparison with the control group. The results were statistically analysed.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Trace element accumulation in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. and the trees Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. in Catalonia.

We studied trace element accumulation in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme and the widely distributed Mediterranean trees Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis located at increasing distances from the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. Hypnum cupressiforme, Quercus ilex and, to a somewhat lesser extent, Pinus halepensis, have proved to be adequate as possible accumulative monitoring species in relation to trace elements pollution. No significant effects of crown orientation were found. One-year old leaves generally accumulated more trace elements than current-year leaves. All the studied trace elements showed greatest concentrations in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, with lead, cadmium and arsenic concentrations being especially high. In general, trace element concentrations in biomass were similar or higher than the values reported from other Mediterranean urban areas of Europe. The top soil-layer concentrations were also higher in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area indicating the existence of mechanisms of atmospheric deposition and/or concentration in the soil. The lower values of Pb of airborne origin relative to other elements such as Cd, Cu, Zn and Sb suggest that traffic exhausts are not the only important focus of pollutants in this area. The results of biomass concentrations and of enrichment factor of biomasses respect to bedrock and soils show that atmospheric inputs account for the higher trace element concentrations in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area.

Biomass↗

PubMed1994

Estimates of trace element intakes in Chinese farmers.

Epidemiologic data on the average daily human dietary intake of the trace elements nickel, cadmium, molybdenum and silicon are scarce, worldwide, primarily because foods consumed vary widely over days and seasons. Available full year food allocation records for farmers in rural areas of China provide an unique opportunity to estimate dietary trace elements. In 1988, we measured the concentration of zinc, copper, iron, cadmium, nickel, molybdenum, silicon and selenium in different foods by using food samples collected from 232 villages (distributed among 21 communes). These measurements, combined with the food consumption information from existing food allocation records in each commune for an entire year, allowed us to estimate the average daily consumption of these trace elements by Chinese farmers. With one exception (an association of zinc and esophageal cancer), the variation of dietary trace elements did not show any association with mortality from several common diseases. The estimates for some of the dietary trace elements from some subpopulations were either less or more than current recommendations. No increases in mortality were found, however, from diseases normally associated with either dietary deficiencies or excesses of these elements.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Changes in the concentrations of trace elements in human milk during lactation.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine 18 trace elements (Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, and Zn) in 55 human milk samples from 46 healthy mothers collected during lactation periods extending to 293 days after birth. Se was quantified by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). To test the accuracy and the precision of the analytical procedure, milk powder reference materials (BCR 063 and BCR 150) were analyzed. The results obtained by ICP-MS and HG-AAS showed good agreement with the certified values. Whenever available, trace element concentrations determined in the human milk samples were compared to reliable literature data. The concentrations of Be (< 0.05 to 0.9 microgram/kg), Bi (< 0.09 to 2.0 micrograms/kg), Cs (1.7 to 7.7 micrograms/kg), La (< 0.05 to 3.7 micrograms/kg), Rb (440 to 1,620 micrograms/kg), and Tl (< 0.08 to 0.5 microgram/kg) are the first to be reported for human milk. The concentrations of the essential trace elements Cu (p < 0.005), Mn (p < 0.05), Mo (p < 0.0005), Se (p < 0.001), and Zn (p < 0.0005) significantly decreased and the concentrations of cobalt significantly increased (p < 0.005) in human milk during the course of lactation. All concentrations for the essential trace element tin in the human milk samples were below the method detection limit of 0.3 microgram/kg. Among the not essential and toxic elements-with the exception of Ba, Pb, and Tl-the trend toward lower concentrations with continuing lactation is much less pronounced than for the essential trace elements. With the exception of Se, the daily intakes of essential trace elements of fully breast-fed infants are considerably lower than dietary recommendations.

Female↗

PubMed1992

Effect of calcium, copper, and zinc levels in a rapeseed meal diet on mineral and trace element utilization in the rat.

Mineral and trace element interactions were studied in a balance trial with rats. Calcium, copper, and zinc were supplied to a rapeseed meal diet in a factorial design. Animals were fed ad libitum, and absorption, excretion, and retention of the elements were evaluated either as fractions of total intake or in relation to nitrogen retention to account for differences in food intake and lean body mass increment. The intrinsic content of minerals and trace elements was sufficient to support growth at a rate that could be expected from the rapeseed protein quality. However, when calcium was included in the diet, the intrinsic dietary level of zinc appeared to be limiting, despite the fact that the zinc level was twice the recommended level. Additional zinc supply reversed growth impairment. This calcium-zinc interaction is believed to be owing to the formation of phytate complexes. Calcium addition influenced the calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and iron--but not the copper--balances. The addition of calcium reduced the availability of the intrinsic zinc, whereas no effect was seen in the zinc-fortified groups. The availability of intrinsic copper was in a similar way significantly impaired by addition of dietary zinc, whereas copper-supplied groups were unaffected by zinc addition. Intrinsic iron availability was also dependent upon zinc addition, although in a more ambiguous way. Thus, addition of extrinsic minerals to a diet high in phytate can result in significant impairments of growth and mineral utilization.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The dynamics of trace elements in eye tissues].

The dynamics of trace elements in various organs and eye tissues of NOD mouse and zinc deficiency rat were examined. Zinc content in eye tissues, especially the retina and choroid of NOD mouse with spontaneous diabetes mellitus and zinc deficiency rat were significantly decreased. Zinc uptake also was decreased in the retina and choroid, as compared with other organs. As a result, it was concluded that eye tissues, especially the retina and choroid were markedly reflected changes of the dynamics of trace elements.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

The occurrence and distribution of selected trace elements in the Upper Rio Grande and tributaries in Colorado and northern New Mexico.

Two sampling trips were undertaken in 1994 to determine the distribution of trace elements in the Upper Rio Grande and several of its tributaries. Water discharges decreased in the main stem of the Rio Grande from June to September, whereas dissolved concentrations of trace elements generally increased. This is attributed to dilution of base flow from snowmelt runoff in the June samples. Of the three major mining districts (Creede, Summitville, and Red River) in the Upper Rio Grande drainage basin, only the Creede District appears to impact the Rio Grande in a significant manner, with both waters and sediments having elevated concentrations of some trace elements considerably downriver. For example, dissolved zinc concentrations upriver of Willow Creek, which primarily drains the Creede District, were about 2-3 microg/L; immediately downstream of the Willow Creek confluence, concentrations were above 20 microg/L; and elevated concentrations occurred in the Rio Grande for the next 100 km. The Red River District does not significantly impact the Upper Rio Grande for most trace elements. Because of current water management practices, it is difficult to assess the impact of the Summitville District on the Upper Rio Grande. There are, however, large increases in many dissolved trace element concentrations as the Rio Grande passes through the San Luis Valley, coincident with elevated concentrations of those same trace elements in tributaries. Among these elements are As, B, Cr, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, U, and V. None of the trace elements exceeded U.S. EPA primary drinking water standards in either survey, with the exception of cadmium in Willow Creek. Secondary drinking water standards were frequently violated, especially in tributaries draining areas where mining has occurred. Dissolved zinc (in Willow Creek in both June and September) was the only element that exceeded the EPA Water Quality Criteria for aquatic life of 120 microg/L.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Trace elements in diabetes mellitus. Peculiarities and clinical validity of determinations in blood cells.

Significantly more information about trace element status can be obtained by investigating concentrations in blood cells instead of only evaluating the concentrations in plasma. This can be explained by the fact that essential trace elements such as zinc, copper, chromium and selenium take part in a variety of enzymatic processes on a molecular cellular level. Ignoring these important biochemical roles, trace element concentrations determined in whole blood or plasma very often lead to conclusions contrary to the actual intracellular concentration. Especially in metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, conclusions drawn from trace element concentrations in blood cells usually offer more valuable clinical information about the metabolic state than trace element concentrations in plasma or whole blood. In the present investigation copper and zinc concentrations were increased in all blood fractions of diabetic patients (IDDM). In insulin-dependent diabetic children significantly higher values of zinc in erythrocytes were also found, and they were higher in patients with poor metabolic control (HbA1c>9%). When different blood fractions in diabetic patients (NIDDM) were compared with a control group, chromium was significantly increased in plasma and polymorphonuclear cells. Patients with IDDM had pronounced decreased selenium concentrations in erythrocytes as compared to controls.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Relationships between trace elements and atherosclerosis.

The possible relationship between trace element (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn) concentrations in various human tissues (heart, liver, kidney, aorta, rib and head hair) and cardiovascular diseases was studied on the basis of indications in the literature that trace elements may be directly or indirectly involved in cardiovascular disease processes. The underlying theme was that (slightly) reduced, as well as (slightly) elevated, concentrations compared with optimum values could, in the long term, lead to atherosclerotic lesions. In this project the tissues were obtained by autopsy involving 200 individuals (hospitalised patients and victims of traffic accidents). The seriousness of cardiovascular disease was quantitatively expressed by the degree of atherosclerosis of the descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) and of the abdominal aorta, for which a special measurement method was developed. Correlations were evaluated by two different methods, i.e. by a comparison of patients with extremely high or extremely low degrees of atherosclerosis and by means of stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) analysis. Corrections were made for the influence of age. The element Cd was found to be positively, and the elements Cu, Co, Se and Zn negatively, correlated with the degree of atherosclerosis. The inclusion of risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, obesity and smoking) did not improve the explained variance.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Trace element accumulation in hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Yaeyama Islands, Japan.

Concentrations of 18 trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, and Pb) were determined in the liver, kidney, and muscle of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa, Japan. Accumulation features of trace elements in the three tissues were similar between green and hawksbill turtles. No gender differences in trace element accumulation in liver and kidney were found for most of the elements. Significant growth-dependent variations were found in concentrations of some elements in tissues of green and hawksbill turtles. Significant negative correlations (p < 0.05) were found between standard carapace length (SCL) and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Se in the kidney and V in muscle of green turtles and Mn in the liver, Rb and Ag in kidney, and Hg in muscle of hawksbill turtles. Concentrations of Sr, Mo, Ag, Sb, and Tl in the liver, Sb in kidney, and Sb and Ba in muscle of green turtles and Se and Hg in the liver and Co, Se, and Hg in kidney of hawksbill turtles increased with an increase in SCL (p < 0.05). Green and hawksbill turtles accumulated extremely high concentrations of Cu in the liver and Cd in kidney, whereas the levels of Hg in liver were low in comparison with those of other higher-trophic-level marine animals. High accumulation of Ag in the liver of green turtles was also observed. To evaluate the trophic transfer of trace elements, concentrations of trace elements were determined in stomach contents of green and hawksbill turtles. A remarkably high trophic transfer coefficient was found for Ag and Cd in green turtles and for Cd and Hg in hawksbill turtles.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multi-trace-element supplementation in enteral formulas for burned guinea pigs.

A burned guinea pig model (30% total-body surface area) was used to study the effects of supplemental trace elements. The animals were fed via gastrostomy with identical formulas (175 kcal.kg-1.day-1, 20% of calories as protein) supplemented with varying amounts of the multi-trace-element preparation MTE-5. Animals in group 1 received no MTE-5, group 2 received 5 ml/L diet, group 3 received 20 ml/L diet, and group 4 received 50 ml/L diet. After 14 days of tube feeding, the animals were killed. Results indicated no significant differences in resting metabolic rate or body weight. However, animals in group 4 were found to have heavier carcass, jejunum gut, and mucosal weights compared with animals in group 1. In a second experiment, all animals received 5 ml of MTE-5/L diet. In each group, however, one of the trace elements (manganese, chromium, selenium, and copper) was elevated to the concentration found in 50 ml of MTE-5. The results shows no significant group differences when only one of the trace elements was elevated in the diet. Together, these results demonstrated that the addition of trace elements to an enteral diet increased carcass and gut mucosal weight in a standard dose-response fashion. All four of the trace elements evaluated were necessary for this response. It is suggested that the addition of larger requirements of trace elements than previously reported may be beneficial after thermal injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Characteristics and sources of trace elements in ambient PM2.5 in Beijing].

To understand concentration levels and sources of trace elements in PM2.5(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 microns) concentration and composition in the ambient air of Beijing, weekly samples were simultaneously collected for one year in Chegongzhuang and Qinghuayuan. Trace elements exhibited similar significant weekly variations. The strongest weekly shift occurred in winter, which reached as high as a factor of 1.6 for two consecutive weeks. No obvious seasonal pattern was found for trace elements except for that their average concentrations were much higher in winter. The EFs of trace elements were lowest in spring, probably due to frequent dust storms resulting in reduced contribution of anthropogenic sources and increased contribution of soil dust. The ambient concentrations of Se, Br, and Pb were about 1000-8000 times higher than those expected from the crustal soil in Beijing. Se was most enriched in PM2.5, reflecting the characteristics of fine particles from coal burning in Beijing. The annual mean concentration of Pb of 0.31 microgram.m-3 did not exceeded the WHO annual standard, but was at very high level compared to those measured in Los Angles and Brisbane. Comparison analysis of Pb with Br and Se shows that coal burning is probably another major source of Pb in PM2.5 other than vehicle emission.

Air↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Trace element metabolism in parenteral and enteral nutrition.

With more patients receiving artificial nutrition, i.e., TPN and EN, deficiencies of essential trace elements have appeared. Because symptomatic deficiencies might be only a small part of the abnormalities, we should recognize a much wider background of abnormal metabolism and physiology of such elements and examine their possible participation in most diseases. Measurements of biochemical indices of trace elements in these patients frequently reveal decreased levels. To prevent marginal deficiencies and maintain good balance in the body, routine administration of trace elements is therefore essential. Discussions focus on daily requirements, including the recommended doses of each trace element in PN and EN formulas. The range of different recommended doses in different countries, and the content and completeness of trace element mixtures available in these countries is a matter of concern. A consensus based on better data from patients with different clinical states is urgently required.

Enteral Nutrition↗

PubMed2005

Soil amendments reduce trace element solubility in a contaminated soil and allow regrowth of natural vegetation.

We tested the effects of three amendments (a biosolid compost, a sugar beet lime, and a combination of leonardite plus sugar beet lime) on trace element stabilisation and spontaneous revegetation of a trace element contaminated soil. Soil properties were analysed before and after amendment application. Spontaneous vegetation growing on the experimental plot was studied by three surveys in terms of number of taxa colonising, percentage vegetation cover and plant biomass. Macronutrients and trace element concentrations of the five most frequent species were analysed. The results showed a positive effect of the amendments both on soil chemical properties and vegetation. All amendments increased soil pH and TOC content and reduced CaCl(2)-soluble-trace element concentrations. Colonisation by wild plants was enhanced in all amended treatments. The nutritional status of the five species studied was improved in some cases, while a general reduction in trace element concentrations of the aboveground parts was observed in all treated plots. The results obtained show that natural assisted remediation has potential for success on a field scale reducing trace element entry in the food chain.

Beta vulgaris↗

PubMed2003

Transport of trace elements in lenses of normal and hereditary cataract UPL rats.

The multitracer technique was applied to the determination of the uptake of trace elements in the lenses of normal and hereditary cataract UPL rats to investigate the transport mechanisms of trace elements during cataract development. Be, Na, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Tc, Ru and Rh accumulate in normal and UPL cataract rat lenses. The rates of uptake of trace elements differ among species and also differ between normal and UPL rat lenses. The uptakes of V and Sr are greater in normal rat lenses, while the uptakes of Mn and Co are greater in UPL rat lenses. High concentrations of Zn are transported into normal rat lenses in comparison with other elements. However, the uptake of Se was highest in the lenses of UPL cataract rats. In addition, the difference in Se uptake between the normal and UPL rat lenses was greatest among the tested trace elements. The present study suggests that the transport characteristics of trace elements are different in the lenses of normal and UPL cataract rats. The different transport characteristics of trace elements in the lenses of normal and UPL cataract rats, especially the higher accumulation of Se in UPL rat lenses, may be implicated in cataract development.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Dietary factors affecting trace element bioavailability from human milk, cow's milk and infant formulas.

Bioavailability of trace elements is affected by the type of diet in which they are presented. In general, absorption of the elements iron, zinc, copper, manganese and selenium appears to be higher from human milk than from cow's milk or cow's milk formula while absorption from soy formula appears to be lower than from milk-based products. The effects of individual components such as protein source, carbohydrate, phytate, organic acids and other cations on absorption need to be assessed and the integrated effects of individual dietary components need to be assessed in the intact diet. While ideally absorptive studies should be performed in human infants, there is a need for developing useful and valid models for assessing trace element bioavailability. Increased knowledge about trace element absorption from different infant diets and the factors involved will lead to a better understanding of trace element requirements of infants. This will help in the suggestion of ways to improve means of supplementation.

Animals↗