PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Transfer”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Nerve transfer for treatment of brachial plexus injury: comparison study between the transfer of partial median and ulnar nerves and that of phrenic and spinal accessary nerves.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of using partial median and ulnar nerves for treatment of C(5-6) or C(5-7) avulsion of the brachial plexus with that of using phrenic and spinal accessary nerves. METHODS: The patients were divided into 2 groups randomly according to different surgical procedures. Twelve cases were involved in the first group. The phrenic nerve was transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve or through a sural nerve graft, and the spinal accessary nerve was to the suprascapular nerve. Eleven cases were classified into the second group. A part of the fascicles of median nerve was transferred to be coapted with the motor fascicle of musculocutaneous nerve and a part of fascicles of ulnar nerve was transferred to the axillary nerve. The cases were followed up from 1 to 3 years and the clinical outcome was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There were 2 cases (16.6%) who got the recovery of M4 strength of biceps muscle in the first group but 7 cases (63.6%) in the second group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.025). However, it was not statistically different in the recovery of shoulder function between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Partial median and ulnar nerve transfer, phrenic and spinal accessary nerve transfer were all effective for the reconstruction of elbow or shoulder function in brachial plexus injury, but the neurotization using a part of median nerve could obtain more powerful biceps muscle strength than that of phrenic nerve transfer procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[In vivo HSV-TK gene transfer and the therapeutic effects of ganciclovir on bladder cancer in mice with HSV-TK gene transfer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective method for in vivo HSV-TK gene transfer and observe the therapeutic effect of ganciclovir (GCV) on bladder cancer in mice after receiving such gene transfer therapy. METHODS: Mice models bearing subcutaneous tumors of bladder cancer were established in 24 syngeneic mice, and HSV-TK gene transfer was performed by means of naked DNA plasmids, DNA-liposome complex or retroviral mediators respectively. GCV treatment was administered in all the mice and its effect on the growth of the tumor was subsequently observed. RESULTS: Gene transfer therapies by DNA-liposome complex and retroviral mediators both significantly inhibited the growth of the tumor by 54% and 68% respectively, and the survival of the mice was prolonged by 28.81% and 44.16% (P<0.05). The effect of gene transfer by naked DNA plasmids was not obvious (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Gene transfer therapies by DNA-liposome complex and retroviral vectors supplemented by GCV treatment are effective therapeutic modalities against bladder cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Transfer of extensor carpi radialis brevis as an extensor to extensor motor transfer (EEMT) in ulnar nerve palsy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate functional outcome and correction of deformity with extensor carpiradialis brevis motor transfer to replace the intrinsic muscles as an extensor to extensor motor transfer (EEMT). METHOD: This was a prospective observational study with one group pretest posttest design conducted from 1996 to 2004. Convenience sampling technique was used and the sample size was twenty one. The independent variable was transfer of extensor carpiradialis brevis to replace the intrinsic muscles. The dependent variable was functional outcome and the correction of deformity. The extraneous variables were age, sex interval between injury and transfer as well as local factors related to wound and grafts used. The average follow up was 22.5 months. RESULTS: The mean preoperative unassisted extensor lag was 56.79 +/- 10.39 which improved to 9.6% +/- 5.4 (correction of 83%) at six months after surgery. With open hand assessment 76.19% reported good to excellent results, while 79.89% achieved good to excellent results with closed hand assessment. The mechanism of closing was good to excellent in 89.42% cases, however only 71.42% patients considered their hands good to excellent. Significant problems were seen with use of tendoachilles as a graft. CONCLUSION: Extensor carpiradialis brevis transfer to replace the intrinsic muscles as an extensor to extensor motor transfer can achieve good functional outcome as well as correction of deformity despite shortcomings in physical rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Murine transfer factor. III. Specific interactions between transfer factor and antigen.

The interactions between dialyzable transfer factor and antigens have been studied. Incubation of transfer factor-containing dialysates from ferritin-sensitized mice or ferritin-coated plastic surfaces removed the antigen-sensitizing activity; incubations of the same preparations on cytochrome c-coated surfaces did not. Similar results were obtained when cytochrome c-transfer factor was studied. Incubation on cytochrome c-coated surfaces removed the activity, but incubation on ferritin-coated surfaces did not. Specific transfer factor activities could be recovered by elution with 8 M urea or acetonitrile. The finding of interactions between transfer factor and antigens provides evidence for a molecular basis of the specificity of the immunologic effects of transfer factor. This technique may also enable us to obtain amounts of specific material that are adequate for chemical analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intelligence-related differences in learning and transfer and enhancement of transfer among mentally retarded persons.

Prompted learning and transfer were compared for mildly retarded, average-achieving, and above-average children ranging in age from 11.3 to 16.0 years. They learned a strategy for computing moments on balance scale conflict problems with the aid of a graduated sequence of prompts. Maintenance and transfer were assessed one week later using similar prompting procedures. Retarded children required more assistance than did nonretarded children to learn and to transfer the trained strategy. The provision of an additional training session, however, improved retarded children's maintenance and somewhat improved their transfer. The ability-related differences in learning and transfer and the means to improve retarded children's transfer were discussed in light of current conceptions of intelligence and metacognition.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Contributions of the distance-dependent reorganization energy and proton-transfer to the hole-transfer process in DNA.

A kinetic study of the single-step hole transfer in DNA was performed by measuring time-resolved transient absorption. DNA molecules with various sequences were designed and conjugated with naphthalimide (NI) and phenothiazine (PTZ) to investigate the sequence and distance dependence of the single-step hole transfer between guanines (Gs). Hole injection into DNA was accomplished by excitation of the NI site with a 355 nm laser pulse, and the kinetics of the hole-transfer process were investigated by monitoring the transient absorption of the PTZ radical cation (PTZ.+). Kinetic analysis of the time profile of PTZ.+ based on the kinetic model showed that the distance dependence of the hole-transfer process was significantly influenced by the DNA sequence. Results of temperature- and isotope-effect experiments demonstrated that the activation energy increased as the number of bridge bases separating the Gs increased. This is because of the distance-dependent reorganization energy and contribution of the proton-transfer process to the hole transfer in DNA.

DNA↗
PubMed1981

Thermodynamic dependence of interfacial transfer kinetics of nonionized barbituric acid derivatives in two-phase transfer cell.

A theory was developed to describe interfacial transport kinetics of a series of drug homologs in a two-phase transfer cell. When tested, the theory held true for 5,5-disubstituted barbituric acid derivatives in a preequilibrated octan-1-ol = (pH 5) aqueous buffer system maintained at 37 degrees and stirred symmetrically at 50 and 100 rpm. Theoretical prediction of transfer kinetics was not possible in such a cell if the phases were stirred asymmetrically. For symmetric stirring, successful prediction of the transfer kinetics of any homolog in the series was possible from a knowledge of the partition coefficient and transfer kinetics of the parent compound, the partition coefficient of the homolog, and some easily determined system variables. The viscosity and density of the two phases and the phase-volume ratio were needed to define a system constant dependent on the solute diffusion coefficient, interfacial area, donor phase volume, and the boundary layer thickness for diffusion in the donor phase volume, and the boundary layer thickness for diffusion in the donor phase. A method is described to enable estimation of this constant from a knowledge of the transfer kinetics of the parent compound. The rank order of compounds in terms of their observed first-order transfer rate constants is shown to be dependent on the characteristics of the solvent system and stirring conditions employed, as well as on the physical chemistry of the solutes. The results are discussed in light of previously documented investigations.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1985

Junctional transfer in cultured vascular endothelium: II. Dye and nucleotide transfer.

Vascular endothelial cultures, derived from large vessels, retain many of the characteristics of their in vivo counterparts. However, the observed reduction in size and complexity of intercellular gap and tight junctions in these cultured cells (Larson, D.M., and Sheridan, J.D., 1982, J. Cell Biol. 92:183) suggests that important functions, thought to be mediated by these structures, may be altered in vitro. In our continuing studies on intercellular communication in vessel wall cells, we have quantitated the extent of junctional transfer of small molecular tracers (the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH and tritiated uridine nucleotides) in confluent cultures of calf aortic (BAEC) and umbilical vein (BVEC) endothelium. Both BAEC and BVEC show extensive (and quantitatively equivalent) dye and nucleotide transfer. As an analogue of intimal endothelium, we have also tested dye transfer in freshly isolated sheets of endothelium. Transfer in BAEC and BVEC sheets was more rapid, extensive and homogeneous than in the cultured cells, implying a reduction in molecular coupling as endothelium adapts to culture conditions. In addition, we have documented heterocellular nucleotide transfer between cultured endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells, of particular interest considering the prevalence of "myo-endothelial" junctions in vivo. These data yield further information on junctional transfer in cultured vascular endothelium and have broad implications for the functional integration of the vessel wall in the physiology and pathophysiology of the vasculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Enzymic transfer of 6-modified D-galactosyl residues: synthesis of biantennary penta- and hepta-saccharides having two 6-deoxy-D-galactose residues at the nonreducing end and evaluation of 6-deoxy-D-galactosyl transfer to glycoprotein using bovine beta-(1-->4)-galactosyltransferase and UDP-6-deoxy-D-galactose.

UDP-6-Deoxy-D-galactose and UDP-6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose were synthesized and their transfer to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) by beta-(1-->4)-galactosyltransferase was examined. The transfer rates of 6-deoxy-D-galactose and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-galactose were 1.3 and 0.2% of that of D-galactosyl transfer, respectively. The 2-acetamido-4-O-(6-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (6'-deoxy-N-acetyllactosamine) and methyl 2-acetamido-4-O-(6-deoxy-6-fluoro-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D- glucopyranoside (6'-deoxy-6'-fluoro-N-acetyllactosamine) were synthesized enzymatically in 30 and 59% yields, respectively. Further, 6-deoxy-D-galactose could be completely transferred to N-linked type biantennary oligosaccharides having two N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl residues at the nonreducing end to give the corresponding penta- and hepta-saccharides in 55 and 57% yields, respectively. An assay of 6-deoxy-D-galactosyl transfer using asialo agalacto alpha 1-acid glycoprotein as an acceptor suggested that 6-deoxy-D-galactose was transferred to about 30% of the N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl residues in the N-linked oligosaccharides of the glycoprotein.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1983

A vehicle for DNA transfer and for recovery of transferred genes: lambda Charon phage-pBR322 hybrid.

Recombinant Charon 4A phages accommodating the Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene, the ampicillin-resistance (ApR) gene, and the replication origin of pBR322 were constructed. The phage DNA was introduced into mouse Ltk- cells by a free DNA transfer method or phage-mediated DNA transfer method [Ishiura et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (1982) 607]. Analyses of the physical state of the transferred DNA in the recipient cell genome showed that a DNA fragment as long as 12.7 kb was integrated intact into 67% and less than 40% of the Ltk- transformant cells by phage-mediated DNA transfer and by free DNA transfer, respectively. We also developed a new rapid method for recovery of the transferred gene from the Ltk+ cell into Escherichia coli; the method depends on the fact that the recombinant lambda phage carrying the ApR gene and replication origin of pBR322 transduces lambda-lysogenic bacteria to ApR and is maintained as a plasmid. Using this method the HSV-1 tk gene from one Ltk+ transformant was rapidly and successfully recovered without any rearrangement of the target sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

FTIR studies of internal proton transfer reactions linked to inter-heme electron transfer in bovine cytochrome c oxidase.

FTIR difference spectroscopy is used to reveal changes in the internal structure and amino acid protonation states of bovine cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) that occur upon photolysis of the CO adduct of the two-electron reduced (mixed valence, MV) and four-electron reduced (fully reduced, FR) forms of the enzyme. FTIR difference spectra were obtained in D(2)O (pH 6-9.3) between the MV-CO adduct (heme a(3) and Cu(B) reduced; heme a and Cu(A) oxidized) and a photostationary state in which the MV-CO enzyme is photodissociated under constant illumination. In the photostationary state, part of the enzyme population has heme a(3) oxidized and heme a reduced. In MV-CO, the frequency of the stretch mode of CO bound to ferrous heme a(3) decreases from 1965.3 cm(-1) at pH* </=7 to 1963.7 cm(-1) at pH* 9.3. In the CO adduct of the fully reduced enzyme (FR-CO), the CO stretching frequency is observed at 1963.46+/-0.05 cm(-1), independent of pH. This indicates that in MV-CO there is a group proximal to heme a that deprotonates with a pK(a) of about 8.3, but that remains protonated over the entire pH* range 6-9.3 in FR-CO. The pK(a) of this group is therefore strongly coupled to the redox state of heme a. Following photodissociation of CO from heme a(3) in MV oxidases, the extent of electron transfer from heme a(3) to heme a shows a pH-dependent phase between pH 7 and 9, and a pH-independent phase at all pH's. The FTIR difference spectrum resulting from photolysis of MV-CO exhibits vibrational features of the protein backbone and side chains associated with (1) the loss of CO by the a(3) heme in the absence of electron transfer, (2) the pH-independent phase of the electron transfer, and (3) the pH-dependent phase of the electron transfer. Many infrared features change intensity or frequency during both electron transfer phases and thus appear as positive or negative features in the difference spectra. In particular, a negative band at 1735 cm(-1) and a positive band at 1412 cm(-1) are consistent with the deprotonation of the acidic residue E242. Positive features at 1552 and 1661 cm(-1) are due to amide backbone modes. Other positive and negative features between 1600 and 1700 cm(-1) are consistent with redox-induced shifts in heme formyl vibrations, and the redox-linked protonation of an arginine residue, accompanying electron transfer from heme a(3) to heme a. An arginine could be the residue responsible for the pH-dependent shift in the carbonyl frequency of MV-CO. Specific possibilities as to the functional significance of these observations are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Maternal-fetal distribution and transfer of dioxins in pregnant women in Japan, and attempts to reduce maternal transfer with Chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) supplements.

Dioxins can be transferred from mother to fetus via the placenta, or to nursing infants via breast milk, potentially causing developmental health problems in children. To assess pediatric health risks from dioxins, exposure of mothers and children to dioxins must be clarified. Methods of reducing maternal transfer of dioxins should also be investigated. Concentrations of 28 dioxin (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and co-planar polychlorinated biphenyls) congeners in blood, adipose tissue, breast milk, cord blood and placenta collected from 44 pregnant Japanese women were measured. In addition, to investigate potential reductions in maternal transfer of dioxins, 23 pregnant women were instructed to take Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplements during pregnancy. Correlations were observed between dioxin total toxic equivalents (total TEQ) in blood and total TEQ in adipose tissue (r=0.913, P<0.0001), breast milk (r=0.695, P=0.0007), and cord blood (r=0.759, P<0.0001). Dioxin levels transferred to fetuses and nursing infants reflect cumulative maternal concentrations of dioxins. A linear regression equation was introduced to predict total TEQ in breast milk and cord blood from dioxin levels in maternal blood, which should prove useful in evaluating fetal and infant risk of dioxin exposure. Total TEQ in cord blood were approximately 26% lower than in maternal blood (P<0.0001). The results of this study suggest that transplacental transfer differs depending on the dioxin congener. Total TEQ in breast milk were approximately 30% lower in the Chlorella group than in controls (P=0.0113). This finding suggests that maternal transfer of dioxins can be reduced using dietary measures such as Chlorella supplements.

Adipose Tissue↗