PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Transfusion”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Transfusion-associated Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: implications for transfusion medicine in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan cause of Chagas disease, causes life-long infection and is easily transmitted by blood transfusion. Our goals were to determine the prevalence of Chagas disease among donors in five Mexican blood banks, to look for evidence of transmission of T. cruzi by transfusion, and to evaluate two serologic assays for Chagas disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood samples from donors were tested initially with the Abbott Chagas EIA or the Meridian Chagas' IgG ELISA. Samples giving readings that were at least 50% of the cutoffs were run in a confirmatory radioimmune precipitation assay (RIPA), as were samples from recipients of blood products from RIPA-positive donors. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Chagas disease was 1/133 (55/7,296; 0.75%). In addition, 4 of 9 surviving recipients of blood products from T. cruzi-infected donors were in turn infected. Using the manufacturers' recommended cutoffs, the sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott test were 92.0% (23/25) and 99.8% (2,865/2,872) respectively, and the corresponding values for the Meridian assay were 70.0% (21/30) and 100.0% (4,369/4,369). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate clearly that transfusion-associated transmission of T. cruzi is occurring in the study areas. Serologic testing of blood donors for Chagas disease should be performed there and in the rest of Mexico. The two screening assays evaluated may lack the accuracy necessary for blood donor testing when used as suggested by the manufacturers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Primates: models for red cell transfusion studies--cryopreservation and survival of transfused red cells in primates.

Primates are excellent models for study of blood transfusion in humans. Erythrocytes of chimpanzees, gibbons, baboons, and rhesus monkeys have a half life (T/2) of 14 to 16 days and a life span (T/10) of approximately 50 to 60 days, which is about half of that found in man. Red cells of primates were cryopreserved by freezing using either a droplet method or the low-glycerol rapid-freeze procedure. Thawed cells survive normally when transfused into the same species. Transfusion of incompatible isologous blood in alloimmunized baboons, in the presence of high titer antibodies, showed survival with small volumes to be virtually nil, but with large volumes, a short normal survival period was followed by a "collapse" phenomenon similar to that seen in humans.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2001

Red blood cell transfusions in very and extremely low birthweight infants under restrictive transfusion guidelines: is exogenous erythropoietin necessary?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the number and volume of red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs) in very and extremely low birthweight infants under restrictive red blood cell transfusion guidelines without erythropoietin administration, and to compare the results with those reported in similar infants receiving erythropoietin. METHODS: From April 1996 to June 1999, all RBCTs given to infants with a birth weight of less than 1500 g were prospectively recorded. Data on RBCT combined with erythropoietin treatment and RBCT guidelines were extracted from four prospective randomised trials of erythropoietin for anaemia of prematurity. RESULTS: When the restrictive RBCT guidelines were followed, the number of RBCTs and volume transfused were similar to those reported during erythropoietin administration. CONCLUSIONS: RBCT guidelines may have a similar impact on RBCT in very low birthweight infants to the administration of erythropoietin. The effect of RBCT guidelines on RBCT frequency should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of erythropoietin administration to preterm infants.

Erythrocyte Transfusion↗
PubMed1993

Intrauterine intravascular transfusions in fetal erythroblastosis: the influence of net transfusion volume on fetal survival.

The intravascular volume load that an anemic fetus can tolerate was studied retrospectively in 124 consecutive intravascular transfusions in 35 erythroblastic fetuses. The tolerated volume load correlated well to the estimated fetal weight. Transfusion volume loads above 20 ml/kg of the estimated fetal weight resulted in a lower fetal survival. We recommend an upper transfusion limit at 20 ml/kg corresponding to approximately 20% of the feto-placental blood volume.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1976

Regeneration of blood-forming organs after autologous leukocyte transfusion in lethally irradiated dogs. II. Distribution and cellularity of the marrow in irradiated and transfused animals.

Dogs were given transfusions of cryopreserved autologous mononuclear blood leukocytes after 1200 roentgens (R) (midline dose) whole-body x-irradiation. Bone marrow repopulation was studied by means of histomorphological methods at days 9 and 10 after transfusion of an average of 3 X 10(9), 7 X 10(9), 13 X 10(9), and 31 X 10(9) cells. The return of marrow cellularity to normal values was related to the number of cells transfused. With low cell doses (3 X 10(9) and 7 X 10(9)), the marrow regeneration at 10 days was focal. There were groups of cells (colonies) showing either erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, or megakaryocytopoiesis in the osteal niches of the trabecular bones. Frequently such niches were seen showing complete cellular recovery next to niches with complete aplasia. With higher cell doses, all niches showed hemopoietic regeneration, and the cellularity approached normal values. No hemopoietic regeneration was observed in those skeletal parts that do not show hemopoiesis, even under normal circumstances.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: a serious residual risk of blood transfusion.

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) is well recognized as an uncommon, but frequently fatal, adverse effect of blood component therapy. In this disorder, viable donor lymphocytes transfused to a vulnerable patient orchestrate a devastating attack on the recipient's tissues. In contrast to the striking reduction in infectious risks of blood transfusion, a significant residual risk of TA-GVHD remains. This article reviews the pathogenesis and mechanism of TA-GVHD, which provide the foundation for a prevention strategy. A review of selected recent cases illustrates the challenges faced in the identification, prevention, and treatment of this frustrating disorder.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Transfusion for operation: reduction and proper preparation of blood for transfusion].

In order to minimize preoperative transfusion requirements and to order proper preoperative transfusion blood, we induced deliberate hypotension and analyzed preoperative preparation of blood with C/T (cross-match/transfusion) ratio. We tried to establish a maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) based on the surgical transfusion experience of about 10 operations at our hospital. Deliberate hypotension was induced with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in 14 patients with mastectomy. Bleeding volume in PGE1 group (n = 7) was reduced to approximately 50% of control group (n = 7) at average dose of 35 +/- 25 ng.kg-1.min-1 with enough urine output. The dose of PGE1 was smaller than other reports because of the application of continuous epidural block to general anesthesia in all cases. Average C/T ratio was 4.6 and it was 3.6-24 in the 10 operations, which are higher than recommended value of the Ministry of Health and Welfare as well as ASA committee. We confirmed deliberate hypotension with PGE1 and continuous epidural block under general anesthesia were useful to minimize blood loss during mastectomy and clarified the improvement of the present preoperative blood ordering.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1987

[Post-transfusion hemolysis in premature infants. Apropos of 8 cases of post-transfusion hemolysis in premature infants].

Accidents related to blood transfusion have become rare in neonates, due to the application of very strict rules. The 8 reported cases of post-transfusion hemolysis occurred in prematures less than 32 weeks gestational age. Signs consisted of hemoglobinuria and/or severe jaundice. In some patients exchange-transfusion had to be performed. Immuno-hematologic, bacteriologic and technical investigations did not show the etiology of these accidents. No similar clinical reports were found in the literature. Some authors suggest a mechanical origin.

Erythroblastosis, Fetal↗
PubMed1983

Transfusion-induced anergy: skin test as an index for pretransplant transfusions.

Cell-mediated immunity in vivo was studied by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) to seven antigens in 156 chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients, using a disposable multipuncture device. Anergy was found in 46.8 per cent of patients, and a positive correlation was seen between anergy and female sex, time on HD, glomerulonephritis as primary renal disease, younger age and previous blood transfusions (BT). The effect of BT on DCH was studied prospectively in 29 responsive patients. A significant decrease in DCH response was seen. The transfusion-induced anergy remained for a variable time. The pretransplant BT policy suggested by our data would be to periodically undertake skin tests and to transfuse only responsive patients, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of multiple BT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Blood transfusions and immunophenotypic alterations of lymphocyte subsets in sickle cell anemia. The Transfusion Safety Study Group.

Transfusions purportedly induce dysfunction of cell-mediated immunity in sickle cell anemia (SCA). We studied hematologic and lymphocytic indices in 173 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative subjects with SCA and 131 black controls. Children aged 1 to 7 years with SCA had leukocyte counts and percentages of granulocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells, and T-cell markers (CD2+CD11b+, CD4+CD26+, CD4+CD29+) that were significantly higher than those for control children. Percent total lymphocytes was decreased for this age group, but the total number of lymphocytes and T and B cell counts were similar to controls. Platelets were not increased. Adolescents (aged 8 to 17 years) and adults (aged > or = 18 years) with SCA had increased total leukocytes and monocytes and lymphocytes counts that remained level instead of decreasing, as did comparably aged controls. Lymphocyte subsets typically increased in count, but their percentage remained similar to children. The exception was CD56+ cell counts, which were increased in adolescents and adults. No lymphocytic subset change suggested impaired cellular immunity, and none could be related to transfusion. Prophylactically transfused patients had higher granulocyte counts, but these may arise from the complications of SCA itself.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Febrile transfusion reaction caused by AB0-incompatible platelet transfusion.

A febrile transfusion reaction caused by strong isoagglutinins in the patients serum is reported. The reaction resulted from a transfusion of group A platelets in a group 0 patient; the recipients' serum contained high titered isohemagglutinin (Anti-A 1:8192) capable of lysing bloodgroup A1 red cells up to a titer of 1:8. Moreover, the serum showed a strong positive thrombocytotoxic reaction with the platelets of the donor and some other group A individuals, but remained negative with group 0, and turned to negative reaction with group A samples after neutralization with bloodgroup substance. We conclude that pretransfusion testing of group 0 donors and recipients for isohemolysins combined with platelet crossmatching may prevent febrile reactions.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1993

[Current focus: blood transfusion. Risks and problems in blood transfusion].

Blood transfusion became the subject of major interest because of a possible HIV-infection. It should not been forgotten, however, that HIV-infection is not the only of a wide variety of risks. The leading complication is still the hemolytic transfusion reaction, followed by transmission of hepatitis or other viral or bacterial germs. Less striking side effects, like an immunomodulation or a graft-versus-host reaction, should also been included into the therapeutical considerations. One possibility to avoid risks, is the use of autologous blood. The most important requirement, however, remains to operate with a minimal blood loss.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1986

Spleen cell transfusion in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. Prevention of diabetes, major histocompatibility complex restriction, and long-term persistence of transfused cells.

We report that transfusions of RT1u Wistar-Furth (WF) spleen cells prevented spontaneous diabetes in the RT1u BB/W rat while RT1b Buffalo rat spleen cells did not. In addition, donor origin WF T lymphocytes were detected in nondiabetic-susceptible BB/W recipients 5 mo after transfusion. Survival of donor-origin lymphocytes may provide the cellular mechanism by which major histocompatibility complex-compatible WF spleen cell transfusions prevent BB rat diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Therapeutic concepts in transfusion medicine. Report on the 1st Graz "Transfusion Medicine" Consensus Conference].

The safety of blood and blood components is an important aspect of transfusion medicine. Even if absolute safety of blood products cannot be achieved, this goal has come closer due to significant improvements. These include: (1) exact donor registration; (2) component preparation according to legal requirements and GMP guidelines; (3) determination of all relevant diagnostic parameters according to GMP/GLP guidelines; (4) adequate storage of products; and (5) and often underestimated parameter ensuring safety, strict guidelines for the use of blood products in the treatment of patients. Some of the results of the first Graz Consensus Conference on Transfusion Medicine are presented.

Austria↗
PubMed1983

Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes of pregnant women with sickle cell disease before, during, and after transfusion and partial exchange transfusion.

In the present investigation we found that the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in erythrocytes of pregnant women with sickle cell disease was strikingly elevated compared with that in erythrocytes of men and pregnant and nonpregnant women. Moreover, the enzyme activity in erythrocytes remained high during and after transfusion or partial exchange transfusion even though the enzyme activity in donor cells was low. This finding is suggestive of the possibility that a factor(s) in plasma of persons with sickle cell disease activates erythrocyte COMT activity.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1979

Cure of aplastic anaemia in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria by marrow transfusion from identical twin: Failure of peripheral-leucocyte transfusion to correct marrow aplasia.

The ability of syngeneic peripheral leucocytes to cure marrow aplasia was tested in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (P.N.H.). Transfusion of 7.1X10(10) white cells obtained by leucopheresis from an identical-twin donor, providing 3.4X10(4) myeloid progenitors (C.F.U.-C)/kg, failed to improve marrow function within two months. In contrast, transfusion of 1.3X10(10) nucleated bone-marrow cells, representing 6.4X10(4) C.F.U.-C/kg, from the same donor resulted in prompt bone-marrow recovery. These observations support the hypothesis that aplastic anaemia in P.N.H. is a stem-cell defect that may be corrected by the simple infusion of relatively small numbers of normal bone-marrow cells. They also seem to indicate a distinct advantage of marrow cells over peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in their ability to correct marrow aplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Transfusion and coagulation: an overview and recent advances in practice modalities. Part I: Blood banking and transfusion practices.

Increased sophistication in blood banking and transfusion practice has opened new directions in management of red cell mass and coagulation. The current trend in practice is to avoid absolute hemoglobin or hematocrit values, and to employ physiologic parameters to determine the need for transfusion. For red cell mass, those parameters include use of oximetry, particularly venous oximetry, calculation of oxygen-carrying capacity using cardiac outputs and arterial oxygen saturation, and the ability of each patient to increase cardiac output and/or maintain suitable arterial pressure with hemodilution. More exacting assessment of the coagulation profile, along with evidence that supports the critical circulating platelet and fibrinogen levels, permits judicious use of blood components.

Blood Banks↗