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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine induces stronger cytotoxic T-cell responses than recombinant vaccinia virus vector, plasmid DNA, or a combination of these.

The efficiency of prime-boost vaccinations on the induction of T-cell responses to Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus, replication-deficient adenovirus, and plasmid DNA in mice was quantitated by the number of epitope-specific interferon-gamma-producing T cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity induced. In prime-boost immunizations, all combinations that included the recombinant adenovirus induced a much higher number of epitope-specific interferon-gamma-producing T cells than did other combinations. A single immunization of the recombinant adenovirus was able to induce similarly high levels of epitope-specific interferon-gamma-producing cells, despite the fact that the recombinant adenovirus produces less amount of the Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1989

Replication and dissemination of La Crosse virus in the competent vector Aedes triseriatus and the incompetent vector Aedes hendersoni and evidence for transovarial transmission by Aedes hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae).

The time course and pattern of the replication and dissemination of La Crosse virus was studied in orally infected Aedes triseriatus (Say) and Ae. hendersoni Cockerell. Development of La Crosse virus was approximately the same in both species when plaque assay titers of intact mosquitos or dissected tissues were compared. The mosquitoes were equally susceptible to infection; all Ae. hendersoni and 99% of the Ae. triseriatus tested showed detectable midgut infections. Virus was first detected in hemolymph, salivary glands, and ovaries 10-13 d after infection in both species. The pattern of infection suggests virus dissemination beyond the midgut to be via the hemolymph. By 21 d after infection, 100% (10 of 10) of Ae. triseriatus and 70% (7 of 10) of Ae. hendersoni had infected salivary glands, and the geometric mean titer of Ae. hendersoni salivary glands was 10 times higher than the geometric mean titer of those of Ae. triseriatus, However, when tested for transmission 22 d after infection by refeeding on suckling mice, only 9% (2 of 22) of the Ae. hendersoni with disseminated infections transmitted virus versus 71% (12 of 17) of the Ae. triseriatus. A salivary gland escape barrier was shown to be primarily responsible for the failure of Ae. hendersoni to orally transmit La Crosse virus. However, eight parenterally infected Ae. hendersoni females transovarially transmitted the virus to 25% (5 of 20) of their progeny.

Aedes↗
PubMed2002

[Animal-derived feedstuffs as possible vectors for bovine encephalopathy (BSE) in Germany. Part 2: Assessment of vector risk for compounded feed].

Specific conditions and practices of cattle feeding in Germany have to be taken into account for assessing the risk of feed born transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, especially regarding the situation before the year 2000 when specific directives were introduced for feed production. The present retrospective epidemiological study includes data on feed production and the estimated amount of animal derived feedstuffs for the production of compounded feed for cattle. Risk assessment was performed based on the 'reproduction rate' (R0), that is defined as the estimated number of infections resulting from the processing of brain and spinal cord of BSE affected cattle that is recycled to bovines via feed. Under the conditions as given in Germany until the year 2000 the reproduction rate of BSE via the inclusion of animal derived feedstuffs in compounded feed production for cattle was estimated to be 1.1. Thus, it can be expected that BSE could be reproduced in the system, but with comparatively low efficiency. The expected incidence of BSE should be considerably lower compared to the situation during the 90th in the UK, due to the markedly lower recycling rate of animal protein in cattle feeding. Animal fat could have been a significant factor for BSE transmission due to contamination by proteinaceous brain and spinal cord material during the production process. The relative significance of fat containing feedstuffs for BSE transmission could have been higher in Germany compared to the situation in the UK where meat and bone meal was produced under different conditions and frequently used in higher proportions as an ingredient for compounded feed for ruminants.

Animal Feed↗