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Results for “illness perception”

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PubMed2002

[Knowledge concerning illness, expectations and perceptions of treatment of elderly stroke patients and family caregivers--a prospective study during inpatient treatment].

Forty-five stroke patients and their 45 proxies were interviewed after the patients' hospital admission and before discharge. The topics of the interviews were disease knowledge, expectations in and judgement about therapy, estimation of functional health status (CCOP/WONCA Charts), and prognosis. The patients and proxies were also asked to name the patient's actual three most important health problems. The depressive symptomatology in the patients (geriatric depression scale) and their ADL status (Barthel Index) were evaluated on admission and before hospital discharge. The proxies' general knowledge of disease was superior compared to that of the patients. There were knowledge deficits regarding individual risk factors and secondary prevention, in particular. Information was predominantly obtained from physicians. However, an additional need for information on prognosis and prevention, in particular, was expressed by patients and proxies before hospital discharge. There was a high agreement between the patients and their proxies in mentioning the patients' actual three most important health problems, apart from psychological problems. These were mentioned only by the proxies but not by the patients themselves. Depressive symptomatology in the patients increased significantly. There were associations of depression with the level of the Barthel Index score and the patients' self-estimation of functional health status before and after the stroke. Full recovery was expected by one half of the patients, on admission. The patients' primary therapeutic goal was the ability to walk again. Their ADL status improved significantly, as measured by a mean increase in the Barthel Index score by 22 points. The patients and their proxies, as well, judged the result of treatment equally high. The proxies' total satisfaction with patient care was significantly related to their ratings of separate parts of patient care regarding nurses, therapists, and physicians, to their expectations in therapy, and the satisfaction of their own personal needs. The results of the study revealed a particular need for information on prognosis and secondary prevention of stroke. Furthermore, depression and coping with consequences of the disease should be important issues in counselling of stroke patients and their proxies. The results regarding patient and proxy satisfaction with care were of importance for internal discussion in the clinic.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Personal perception of chronic illness.

Nurses caring for patients in the home must see them as a complex collection of many parts that require a holistic approach. With the plethora of therapies blending the relationship between mind and body, patients are seeking to be treated as a whole person rather than a physical illness. A diagnosis of cancer or other serious illness affects the physical, psychologic, spiritual, and economic aspects of the person's life, and patients with these diagnoses know the illness and its treatment will decrease many of their normal activities and limit their effectiveness. Because of this disruption, chronic illness causes stress and anxiety in both patient and the family. Therefore nurses must be ready to assess, intervene, and monitor the ongoing progress of both patient and family.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

Trait anxiety, symptom perceptions, and illness-related responses among women with breast cancer in remission during a tamoxifen clinical trial.

Postmenopausal women with breast cancer in remission (N = 140) who were participating in a randomized clinical trial of tamoxifen chemoprevention therapy completed measures of trait anxiety, symptoms, cancer worry, and breast self-examinations (BSEs) during the first 6 months of the trial. Trait anxiety was associated with heightened sensitivity to tamoxifen-induced symptoms (but not with tendencies to report increases in symptoms unrelated to tamoxifen use), greater tendencies to attribute symptoms to tamoxifen use, and greater cancer worry. Tamoxifen use increased BSE rates among high-anxiety participants. For low-anxiety participants, tamoxifen use increased cancer worry but not BSE rates. Trait anxiety appears to be associated with vigilant activation of illness-related representations that trigger attentiveness to sensations, worry, and protective coping in response to somatic cues.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Caregiver discourse: perceptions of illness-related dialogue.

Interacting with terminally-ill patients is significantly stressful for caregiving families. To date, few studies have examined how caregivers perceive their communication with dying family members. As such, the present investigation was undertaken. A sample of 10 family caregivers was utilized for the study; informants had to be the spouse or child of the patient, having provided the majority of care during the illness period. Semi-structured interviews were employed by the investigator to collect data on the communicative experiences of these caregivers; they were asked to describe their thoughts and interactional experiences with specific reference to the following: (1) the inevitability of the patient's death, (2) the patient's preferred courses of action, (3) levels of family interaction, (4) patient denial, (5) previous patterns of discourse, and (6) bereavement. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a two-tier system incorporating aspects of content analysis methodology. Results indicate that caregivers experience difficulty communicating with their patients and with other family members. Suggestions for developing effective, appropriate, and sensitive communication training programs for terminally-ill patients and their caregiving families are provided.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

School-age children's perceptions of mental illness.

The purpose of this study was to describe how school-age children perceive mental illness. The specific aims of this study were to describe the impact of age and sex on children's ability to identify and classify deviant behavior, and to identify how school-age children perceive mental illness by looking at how they define the concept, characterize the mentally ill, and understand causality and treatment. The random sample consisted of 90 school-age children. Thirty children were in grade 1, 30 in grade 4, and 30 in grade 7. A multimethods approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques was used to analyze data. Major study findings indicated that age was not a significant factor in children's ability to classify deviant behavior; however, there was a sex main effect: Boys were able to better identify deviant behaviors than girls. A developmental trend was noted in children's ability to be aware of what mental illness is, to acknowledge characteristics of people who are mentally ill, to differentiate between mental illness and mental retardation, to identify various etiologies of mental illness, and to choose appropriate treatment modalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Community perceptions of health, illness and care: identifying issues for indigenous communities.

Community meetings, interviews with key informants, and focus groups were used to document major health concerns and problems among Indigenous women in Queensland, as part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. In this article, we analyze understandings of "community" as used in Australian health research and among Indigenous women. We then examine health issues as identified and experienced by women and explore the gaps that exist between community concerns, individual health status, and service delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Noncompliance with medication regimens in severely and persistently mentally ill schizophrenic patients.

Medication noncompliance contributes significantly to recurrence of symptoms and readmission to the hospital of schizophrenic patients. The purpose of this study was to determine factors identified by patients, family members, and nurses for patients' noncompliance. The Health Belief Model provided a theoretical framework. The sample consisted of 11 triads with a noncompliant schizophrenic patient, a family member, and a primary nurse in each triad. A structured interview was developed to assess stated reasons for noncompliance and factors relating to the patient's illness, medication practices, stressors, life-style, and support systems. Results showed that many patients stated they did not need medication or needed less than the amount prescribed. Family members and nurses agreed that the majority of patients did not believe that they needed medication. When asked if they thought they had a mental illness, most patients denied that they were ill. Other stated reasons for noncompliance were drug/alcohol use, and, for one patient, medication side effects. Additional findings were patients' low self-esteem; lack of knowledge about medications; inability to identify stressors in patients' lives; inability to identify early symptoms of relapse; patients' need for support from families; and families' stress from patients' abusive, unpredictable behavior. Use of the Health Belief Model is appropriate to study noncompliance in mentally ill patients if perception of illness threat is assessed. Conclusions were that patients and families could benefit from more knowledge of schizophrenia and its treatment, more awareness of stressors and signs of relapse, and improved mutual problem solving. Studies are needed to assess the effects of patients' denial of illness, denial of need for medication, and self-image/self-esteem on medication noncompliance.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Illness concepts of patients].

The term "Illness concept" compromises all assumptions, interpretations, explanations, and predictions in regard to one's health status. Therapists and patients hold illness concepts which may differ from each other. Illness concepts can be described under formal, phenomenological and psychological-functional aspects. Illness concepts influence perception of illness, cooperation and satisfaction with treatment by the patient. To respect the illness concepts of patients means to respect the patient himself. The patient's perspectives are valuable completions of the therapist's perspectives and should, therefore, be integrated in the planning of therapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perceptions of mental illness in Quebec residents].

A transverse survey was conducted with 772 Quebecers in September 1992. Its purpose was to evaluate the level of awareness of the general public about mental illness, the general knowledge of these illnesses and their treatments and the attitudes towards mentally ill patients. Results show that half of the interviewed subjects still feel that they are not informed enough about mental illness and even well informed people have a poor general knowledge of mental illnesses and their treatments. Finally, more than 65% of the surveyed population show positive attitudes towards psychiatric patients, which seems to be an improvement in comparison with the past years. The author believes that physicians should give more information on mental illness and particularly on the role of drugs in the treatment of mentally ill patients. It seems also important to put more emphasis on information to low and middle class people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Reduction of pain perception of chronically ill children by intermittent infusion therapy].

Chronically ill children who require life-long i.v. infusions in regular intervals (i.e. Agammaglobulinemia, HIV-infection) can be traumatized by such painful procedures. Some children gradually accept such infusions, whereas other children become sensitized and react with increasing fear and resistance. We report on our experience with a combined method of local anaesthesia and active role-plays enacting the i.v. infusion on a puppet. In more than 230 applications (approximately 11 per child) in our outpatient clinic, 19/20 children reported significantly less pain sensations after the 2nd or 3rd application. The children learned to handle actively the threatening situation. The method of local anaesthesia with Lidocaine/Prilocaine and role playing is suitable to relieve pain and reduces distress of such invasive events as regular i.v. infusions are.

Abreaction↗