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PubMed1999

Federalism and managed care: introductory comments to the American Association of Law Schools' Section on Law, Medicine and Health Care on the role of the states in managed care regulation.

This section of the Annals of Health Law represents a compilation of materials concerning the state regulation of managed care. The following materials were first presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Law Schools ("AALS"), Section on Law, Medicine and Health Care in January 1999. Chairman John Blum introduces the subject and questions the dual role assumed by state and federal authorities in regulating managed care.

Facility Regulation and Control↗

PubMed2006

Remembering the message: the use of a reminder cue to increase condom use following a safer sex intervention.

Condom use interventions may be more powerful if they provide cues to recall safe-sex messages when sexual activity occurs. The authors tested this notion by assigning sexually active introductory psychology students (N = 196) to a standard safe-sex intervention, a safe-sex with reminder intervention, or a control (drinking and driving) intervention. Participants assigned to the reminder intervention were given a "friendship bracelet" to wear and were instructed to have the bracelet remind them of the intervention. In a follow-up session (5-7 weeks later), they were asked questions pertaining to condom use. Of the 125 participants who had engaged in sexual intercourse, condom use at last intercourse was higher in the bracelet condition (55%) than in the standard (27%) or control (36%) conditions. The authors also found that the bracelet remained effective, even when participants were under the influence of alcohol. These findings therefore imply that health intervention programs may be more efficacious if they include strategies such as reminder cues to increase the salience of health information in the appropriate contexts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

An introductory clinical core course in psychiatric management: an innovative lifespan course blending all nurse practitioner majors.

TOPIC: The prevalence of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation is significant in primary care settings across the country. Nonpsychiatric nurse practitioners must be able to recognize symptoms of common psychiatric disorders, know how to treat less complex mental illnesses, and know when to refer to psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). PURPOSE: This article describes the course content, assignments, and teaching strategies used in a clinical core course in the nurse practitioner (NP) curriculum that is required for all NP majors at the University of Texas at Arlington. Psychiatric Management for Advanced Practice provides the foundation for later PMHNP major specific clinical courses. SOURCES: Development of the course content was based on NONPF Domains and Competencies for the NP, input from graduate NP faculty using a modified Delphi approach, NP student feedback, review of curriculum from other schools, and review of the literature on depression, suicide, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders in primary care settings. CONCLUSIONS: Since 1999, students from the eight different NP programs at the University of Texas at Arlington have been required to take this course. Student, faculty, and graduate feedback about this course have been consistently positive. Many NP students comment on feeling much more comfortable assessing for depression, suicide, and substance use.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1991

Self-assessment and learning through GOSCE (group objective structured clinical examination).

The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was modified to serve as a means of self-assessment and learning, rather than as an examination. The main modifications were to adapt it for use by small groups instead of individuals, and to provide a correct answer or other feedback at each station. The resulting group OSCE (GOSCE) was used as an introductory session in two residential refresher courses for general practitioners. The 300 participants rated it highly as a method of self-assessment and as an enjoyable social event. Four potential applications of the GOSCE are suggested: as an assessment instrument for formative and informal summative assessment, as a resource for learning about interpersonal and interprofessional relationships, and as a framework for problem-based short courses.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗

PubMed2004

Daily class objectives and instructor's effectiveness as perceived by students.

Course and instructor evaluations completed by students (N=255) enrolled in multiple discussion sections of one introductory-level college class, led by the same instructor over four consecutive semesters, indicated a positive correlation (r = .34, p<.001) between awareness of daily class objectives and ratings of the instructor's overall teaching effectiveness. Students for whom the presentation of daily objectives was memorable or important were more likely to perceive the instructor's teaching as effective, at least as measured by students' standardized evaluations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

An inquiry into protein structure and genetic disease: introducing undergraduates to bioinformatics in a large introductory course.

This inquiry-based lab is designed around genetic diseases with a focus on protein structure and function. To allow students to work on their own investigatory projects, 10 projects on 10 different proteins were developed. Students are grouped in sections of 20 and work in pairs on each of the projects. To begin their investigation, students are given a cDNA sequence that translates into a human protein with a single mutation. Each case results in a genetic disease that has been studied and recorded in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Students use bioinformatics tools to investigate their proteins and form a hypothesis for the effect of the mutation on protein function. They are also asked to predict the impact of the mutation on human physiology and present their findings in the form of an oral report. Over five laboratory sessions, students use tools on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Web site (BLAST, LocusLink, OMIM, GenBank, and PubMed) as well as ExPasy, Protein Data Bank, ClustalW, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and the structure-viewing program DeepView. Assessment results showed that students gained an understanding of the Web-based databases and tools and enjoyed the investigatory nature of the lab.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2001

The Cooperative Familial Registry for Breast Cancer Studies: design and first year recruitment rates in Ontario.

The Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (OFBCR) is one of six international sites of the Cooperative Familial Registry for Breast Cancer Studies collecting family history, epidemiologic information, and blood samples from families (with various patterns of familial risk) for the purpose of studying the etiology of breast cancer. To invite 2361 female breast cancer patients residing in Ontario to take part in the Registry, a package was sent that included a Family History Questionnaire. Several variations of mailing and follow-up strategies were employed. Overall, the response rate was 67%. The best response (74%) was achieved by following up our introductory package of information with a postcard 10 days later and a telephone call several weeks thereafter. Given the design of the project, which involves a considerable commitment on the part of both patients and their family members, we are impressed by the positive response of these women.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development of an introductory course in child protection.

The maltreatment of children is a significant public health and social problem. Healthcare professionals have a crucial role to play working with other agencies to protect children from abuse and neglect. The need for training, support and clinical supervision in this work has been identified. This article discusses the collaborative work that led to the establishment of an introductory course in child protection (English National Board 970) at one school of nursing and midwifery and outlines the benefits of undertaking such a course. The course has attracted participants from a range of healthcare settings and has proved to be well evaluated and oversubscribed. Practitioners have returned to their work setting with increased awareness of child maltreatment and an understanding of the need for a proactive approach to child protection.

Child↗

PubMed2005

Developing information fluency in introductory biology students in the context of an investigative laboratory.

Students of biology must learn the scientific method for generating information in the field. Concurrently, they should learn how information is reported and accessed. We developed a progressive set of exercises for the undergraduate introductory biology laboratory that combine these objectives. Pre- and postassessments of approximately 100 students suggest that increases occurred, some statistically significant, in the number of students using various library-related resources, in the numbers and confidence level of students using various technologies, and in the numbers and confidence levels of students involved in various activities related to the scientific method. Following this course, students should be better prepared for more advanced and independent study.

Aptitude↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A proposal for programming at a didactic unit for nursing sciences (MED 45) in nursing degree courses].

Pre-registration nursing education in Italy has been recently transferred in University. Therefore, many changes, evaluations and innovations have been implemented in Insubria University (Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Varese). Starting from the reasons for the basis choice of three ample goals to reach in three years, a curricula proposal of the entire nursing disciplines and modules of the three years degree is presented. All nursing courses of the same disciplinary sectors ("MED 45" in the national university regulation) have been channelled into a few educational educational modules or units. The educational units of the first, second and third year are afterwards presented. The choice of these educational units is supported with examples while some tables show the topics of formal lectures together with the professionalising activities (i.e., laboratory, nursing skills acquisitiion, testimonies). Considering the difficulties one meets in evaluating teaching strategies, this three years experience has been positive for a few reasons. More precisely, it has contributed in decreasing the theory-practice gap, in developing critical thinking, and in answering to students'expectations at the beginning of the pre-registration course. The introductory module has favoured the development of skilla and abilities useful for self-education and the students' future professional development. The lack of human and structural resources together with the sometimes negative influence of the clinical placements climate (reality shock) is among the main difficulties found.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2004

A transdisciplinary focus on drug abuse prevention: an introduction.

This article introduces the scope of the Special Issue. A variety of scientific disciplines are brought together to establish theoretical integration of the arenas of drug use, misuse, "abuse," and drug misuse prevention. Transdisciplinary scientific collaboration (TDSC) is utilized as a process of integration. Introductory comments regarding the strengths and limitations of TDSC are presented. Then, the relevance of genetics to substance misuse and substance misuse prevention is presented. Next, the relevance of cognition for prevention is discussed. Specifically, neurologically plausible distinctions in cognition and implicit cognition and their relevance for prevention are discussed. At a relatively molar social-level of analysis, social network theory, systems dynamic models, geographic information systems models, cultural psychology, and political science approaches to drug misuse and its prevention are introduced. The uses of both quantitative and qualitative statistical approaches to prevention are mentioned next. Finally, targeted prevention, bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap, and a statement on overcoming disbalance round out the Special Issue. The bridges created will serve to propel drug misuse "prevention science" forward in the years to come. Advances in understanding etiological issues, translation to programs, and ecological fit of programming are desired results.

Cognition↗

PubMed1992

Psychology ethics down under: a survey of student subject pools in Australia.

A survey of the 37 psychology departments offering courses accredited by the Australian Psychological Society yielded a 92% response rate. Sixty-eight percent of departments employed students as research subjects, with larger departments being more likely to do so. Most of these departments drew their student subject pools from introductory courses. Student research participation was strictly voluntary in 57% of these departments, whereas 43% of the departments have failed to comply with normally accepted ethical standards. It is of great concern that institutional ethics committees apparently continue to condone, or fail to act against, unethical research practices. Although these committees have a duty of care to all subjects, the final responsibility for conducting research in an ethical manner lies with the individual researcher.

Australia↗

PubMed2000

[Rationing in surgery and high-tech medicine].

There has been much debate about cost-cutting in health care. In this context, the term rationing means that acceptable services and measures with proven benefit are subject to limited allocation (or complete refusal thereof) due to a shortage of resources. After an introductory discussion about the "terminology" of rationing, achievements in premium health care will be critically elucidated in this regard. Chapter 2 focuses on the question of whether age is a valid criterion for the rationing of surgical care. Chapter 3 critically analyses the "societal solution" to the rationing problem. The way to solve society's tendency to become insatiable (pleonexia) is the same as the way to solve the shortage of resources, i.e. by "circumspection" or "moderation" on the part of each individual (sophrosyne).

Cost Control↗

PubMed2001

A stream visual assessment protocol (SVAP) for riparian landowners.

A user-friendly Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP) was recently developed in a joint effort by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the University of Georgia. SVAP was designed to be an introductory screening-level assessment method for people unfamiliar with stream assessments. It was designed for use by NRCS field staff who work with agricultural landowners. NRCS is in a key position to influence conservation practices since the organization works with private stakeholders, maintaining more than 2000 field offices throughout the U.S. with a central office in each state. The SVAP measures a maximum of 15 elements and is based on visual inspection of the physical and biological characteristics of instream and riparian environments. Each element is assigned a numerical score relative to reference conditions and an overall score for the stream reach is calculated. A qualitative description of the stream reach is made based on overall numerical score. While SVAP is not intended to replace more robust stream assessment protocols, it provides quick and reliable information for use in NRCS farm assistance programs. It is also an educational tool through which landowners can learn about conservation of aquatic resources. An abridged copy of SVAP is attached as an appendix to this article and the complete document can be found on the web at http://www.ncg.nrcs.usda.gov/tech_notes.html.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2005

[Progress in assays for and new developments in autoimmune pathophysioirmen's introductory remarks].

We examined the influence of a revision of health insurance in 2004 in Teikyo University Hospital in comparison with 2003. Out to the returns of most hematological tests, especially HbA1c and TK, being included in the treatment charges of outpatients, gross laboratory test sales decreased more than expected. Increased income from judgment charges and management charges could not make up for the deficit in test sales. Therefore, total laboratory test revenues decreased substantially. In 2006, the new revision of health insurance will worsen the revenues further. Hospital laboratory test departments should take appropriate and aggressive management steps in response to these revisions in health insurance.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗

PubMed2002

A clinical teaching guide for psychiatric mental health nursing: a qualitative outcome analysis project.

Limited curriculum enhancement resources are available to psychiatric nurse educators. This article provides a clinical teaching guide for novice instructors teaching an introductory psychiatric nursing course. The investigation is grounded in a constructivist theoretical framework and extends a previous case study project that explored how students learn during a mental health practicum (Melrose 1998, Melrose & Shapiro 1999). The guide was tested and modified by applying a qualitative outcome analysis methodology. Insight into interpreting student behaviour and providing appropriate and stage-specific teaching tools is revealed. Theoretical components, assessment questions for teachers, student behavioural signs and teaching strategies are identified and discussed to describe significant features in creating personally meaningful learning experiences.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Two different approaches to computer-aided teaching of microbial genetics.

Two computer packages have been developed to teach bacterial genetics on an introductory genetics course for undergraduate students in biology. The first package, 'CONJUGACION', is designed to teach bacterial conjugation and its genetic outcomes. It includes four main parts. Firstly, a tutorial part presents a theoretical framework using screens of text and animated graphics. Secondly, an interactive concept application section requires students to carry out experiments for the determination of the correct sex and genotype of 10 bacterial strains. The third part uses the previously obtained data for simulating interrupted mating experiments and mapping the bacterial genome. Finally, an evaluation section allows the students to test their understanding through a series of multiple choice questions. The second package, 'LURIDEL', is intended for teaching the preadaptative character of mutation in bacterial populations on the basis of the fluctuation test of Luria and Delbrück. It simulates, graphically, the appearance of mutations in microbial cultures and gives results of simulated fluctuation experiments. Programs were written under the PCOS operating system in MBASIC extended to graphics for running on Olivetti M20 microcomputers.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1999

The molecular basis of genetics and inheritance.

This article reviews the molecular basis of genetic disorders. It is presented at an introductory level, assuming that the reader has a good physiologic background but has little expertise in the fields of molecular biology and molecular genetics. It addresses the following questions: (1) What is DNA? (2) What are genes and chromosomes? (3) How are genes expressed and how is gene expression regulated? (4) How is DNA replicated? (5) How is genetic material inherited? (6) How is phenotype determined? (7) How are genetic diseases inherited? The goal of this article is to provide vocabulary and concepts that are key for understanding the substantive articles that follow on the subjects of clinical genetics, gene therapy, ethical issues in genetics, and the molecular genetics of cardiovascular disorders. Included in this article is a list of key terms with a corresponding page number where the term is defined or discussed. This should be used as a resource for reading the other articles. In addition, further readings, programmed CDs, and web sites in the areas of molecular biology and molecular genetics are suggested.

Chromosomes↗