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Results for “Adolescent, Institutionalized”

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PubMed1993

[Severely mentally and physically disabled in Gunma Prefecture].

We studied severity, causes of the disabilities, complications due to disabilities, and past histories of the severely mentally and physically disabled whose guardians or parents were residents in Gunma prefecture on September 1, 1991. This survey was made on severely disabled schoolboys and girls aged 6 to 15 years with IQ of 35 or less who could not stand or walk, even if they were supported. The number of them was 133 at the moment of this survey. Asphyxia at birth and congenital but unknown etiology were the major causes in the institutionalized cases, but cerebral palsy of unknown etiology and "no information" were frequent in the cases cared at home. The institutionalized patients showed severer mental retardations, palsies and disabilities on activities of daily lives, though not with statistically significant difference, and contained significantly larger number of cases fed by gastric tube or having meals as blended foods and significantly smaller number of cases having conventional meals than cases cared at home. Furthermore, epilepsies or constipations as complications were found more frequently in institutionalized cases than in cases cared at home with significant difference. On past history, relatively large numbers of the disabled suffered from various infectious diseases, especially from measles, varicella, mumps and pneumonia. Histories of measles, varicella and mumps showed higher frequency in institutionalized cases than in cases cared at home, though not with significant difference. On the cases cared at home, some of them did not have their home doctors, though in small numbers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The unit play manager as facilitator of purposeful activities among institutionalized profoundly and severely retarded boys.

Child care workers were trained in specified techniques (play manager routines) in an effort to increase purposeful activity among a group of profoundly and severely retarded institutionalized boys. A system of prompts, increasing the availability of toys and regular staff monitoring, were alternated with normal institutional routines in an ABA reversal design. On the average, activity level increased from 10% to a mean of 70% during treatment conditions. Correspondingly, stereotyped or harmful behaviors decreased from an average of 20% to 70% during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Periodontal status and treatment needs of 12-15 year old institutionalized mentally handicapped school children in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Mentally handicapped children are known, to have poor periodontal health. But previous studies lack conformity due to the use of different indices by the different authors. Twenty-five institutionalized mentally handicapped school children in Ibadan, Nigeria were studied with the aim of assessing their periodontal health and per treatment needs using the CPITN which is known to be simple and has international uniformity. The result showed that none of the children had healthy periodontium and all the children will need oral hygiene care with a significant percentage (8%) requiring complex periodontal care. The need for comprehensive preventive dental program is discussed since the hallmark of management of the children is prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Note on locus of control and academic achievement in institutionalized juvenile delinquents.

The previously reported relationship between internal locus of control and academic achievement was explored with the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (Nowicki & Strickland, 1973) and seven measures of academic achievement in a random sample of 45 male residents of seven state learning centers for juvenile delinquents. Correlations between overall locus of control scores and all seven measures were significant, but with intelligence controlled in a partial correlation, locus of control scores were found to add little to the prediction of academic achievement from IQ scores alone. Discussion addressed possible explanations for the current findings in terms of the meaning of the scale for a nonnormal group and the effects of situations on responses of subjects.

Achievement↗
PubMed1974

Programming the generalization of a greeting response in four retarded children.

Reinforcement techniques of prompting and shaping were employed to develop handwaving, a useful social greeting response, in four institutionalized retarded subjects. A multiple-baseline design across subjects demonstrated the reliable functioning of the training procedures. Specifically, it showed that training and maintenance of the greeting response by one experimenter was not usually sufficient for generalization of the response to the more than 20 other members of the institution staff who had not participated in the training of the response. However, high levels of generalization to staff members were recorded for three subjects over periods ranging from one to six months after a second experimenter trained and maintained the response in conjunction with the first experimenter. The fourth subject, although never receiving training by a second experimenter, showed similar results following a second training by the first experimenter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Differences in social skills performance between institutionalized juvenile male offenders and a comparable group of boys without offence records.

Eighteen institutionalized young male offenders and 18 boys without criminal records, comparable in terms of age, academic performance and social background, were videotaped during a five-minute standardized interview with a previously unknown adult. The videotapes were then subjected to a behavioural analysis of 13 responses which had previously been suggested to be important social skill components. The tapes were also shown to six independent judges who rated each tape in terms of social skills performance, social anxiety, friendliness, and employability. The offender group was found to differ significantly from the non-offender group in terms of the level of eye-contact, head movements, amount spoken, fiddling movements, and gross body movements. The offender group was also rated in significantly less favourably terms on the scales of social skills performance, social anxiety, and employability, compared to the non-offender groups. No significant difference was found in terms of friendliness ratings. Correlation analyses between the specific behavioural measures and the subjective rating scales revealed statistically significant associations between six of the 13 behavioural measures and one or more of the subjective rating scales. The provides some indication of the type of responses important in determining the impression made by adolescent male in an interview situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Primary care of previously institutionalized retarded children.

Medical care of retarded children is a responsibility of pediatricians that is seldom discussed. Past practices of isolating these children in institutions and caring for them in special multidisciplinary clinics are fading. The medical experience with 48 retarded children, the problems that they present, and the system of care that was developed to meet their special needs are described. Previous medical care was often found to be lacking or inappropriate. The spectrum of morbidity resembles that of a general pediatric population although chronic conditions are much more prevalent. Utilization of primary care and consultative services is much higher than for a nonretarded population. Much time is required for their care; a great deal of time is devoted to advising caretakers and schools and to coordinating health services. A prepaid system of care using a health associate as the primary provider was developed, and has been an effective means of providing health care to these children.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1997

Normal gastric histology in Helicobacter pylori-infected children.

BACKGROUND: In adults, Helicobacter pylori infection is always associated with gastritis or ulcer. However, very active gastritis and ulcers are rarely seen in children. The aim of the present work was to study the relationships between H. pylori and gastric mucosa in children. METHODS: Eighty infected children and adolescents including 48 (60%) neurologically impaired institutionalized patients, aged 2 months-22 years (mean 11.7 +/- 5.2 years) were studied retrospectively. All the patients underwent gastroscopy, and three antral and two fundic biopsy specimens were taken for histology and bacteriology. RESULTS: A normal gastric mucosa was found in 22 of 80 patients (27.5%), whereas the others had gastritis (n = 58, 72.5%). There were no statistical differences between patients with normal histology and those presenting with gastritis for age, sex, ethnic background, symptoms, and the degree of bacterial colonization. The macroscopic aspect of gastritis was less frequently found in children with a normal histology compared with those with histological gastritis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that H. pylori infection can be associated with a normal gastric histology in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Stimulus persistence in retarded and nonretarded children: a signal detection analysis.

Nine institutionalized EMR and 9 equal-CA nonretarded children were tested on a visual backward masking task. Signal detection analysis was used to separate the sensory and nonsensory aspects of behavior, and the presentation of stimuli was randomized to minimize the formation of effective strategies. Two sets of instructions, strict and lenient, and two stimulus durations, 10 and 30 msec, were used in a repeated measure design. No differences were found between the intelligence groups on interstimulus interval threshold or measures of stimulus sensitivity, criterion placement, and false positive rate. Retarded subjects showed significantly greater intersubject variability in criterion placement but failed to raise their criterion in response to strict instructions. The results suggest that (a) stimulus-trace concepts of retardation have been confounded by retarded subjects' inability to compete effectively with nonretarded subjects in the experimental situation, and (b) signal detection procedures are a useful alternative to traditional psychophysical techniques in such comparative research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Gastroesophageal reflux among severely retarded children.

Of 136 institutionalized severely retarded children, 20 (15%) had recurrent vomiting. Of these 20, 15 had gastroesophageal reflux diagnosed by x-ray examination, acid reflux text, or both. Esophagitis was noted by endoscopy in ten of 14 patients with GER. Four patients were anemic and six had had one or more episodes of aspiration pneumonia in the 12 months prior to study. Reduced basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure was the most common manometric abnormality noted in the patients with GER. Responses of the LES to bethanechol and swallow were normal, as was the basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter. Abnormal propagation of esophageal peristalsis was seen in six patients, all of whom had moderate or severe esophagitis. When compared to the nonvomiting retarded patients, the GER patients had significantly lower mental age and higher incidence of scoliosis. Patients with GER who had basal LES pressure less than 10 mm Hg did not improve with medical management. Recurrent vomiting is a common and serious problem in severely retarded children, the organic cause of which can be demonstrated by the application of appropriate investigative techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Growth, morbidity, and mortality in a cohort of institutionalized HIV-1-infected African children.

OBJECTIVE: As a result of the HIV epidemic in Africa, much debate exists on whether institutionalized compared with community-based care provides optimum management of infected children. Previous reports calculated 89% mortality by age 3 years among outpatients in Malawi. No similar data are available for infected children in institutionalized care. We characterized patterns of morbidity and mortality among HIV-1-infected children residing at an orphanage in Nairobi. METHODS: Medical records for 174 children followed over 5 years were reviewed. Mortality was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods with adjustment to account for survival in the community before admission. Anthropometric indices were calculated to include mean z scores for weight for length and length for age. Low indices reflected wasting and stunting. Opportunistic infections were documented. RESULTS: Of 174 children, 64 had died. Survival was 70% at age 3 years. Morbidity included recurrent respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, parotitis, and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. No new cases of tuberculosis disease were noted after admission. Mean z scores for length for age suggested overall stunting (z = -1.65). Wasting was not observed (z = -0.39). CONCLUSION: The optimal form of care for HIV-infected children in resource-poor settings may be the development of similar homes. Absence of tuberculosis disease in long-standing residents may have contributed to improved survival. Stunting in the absence of wasting implied that growth was compromised by opportunistic infections and other cofactors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗