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Results for “Auditory Perceptual Disorders”

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PubMed2005

Delayed automatic detection of change in speech sounds in adults with autism: a magnetoencephalographic study.

OBJECTIVE: Autism is a form of pervasive developmental disorder in which dysfunction in interpersonal relationships and communication is fundamental. This study evaluated neurophysiological abnormalities at the basic level of language processing, i.e. automatic change detection of speech and non-speech sounds, using magnetoencephalographic recording of mismatch response elicited by change in vowels and tones. METHODS: The auditory magnetic mismatch field (MMF) was evaluated in 9 adults with autism and 19 control subjects using whole-head magnetoencephalography. The MMF in response to the duration change of a pure tone or vowel /a/ and that in response to across-phoneme change between vowels /a/ and /o/, were recorded. RESULTS: The groups were not significantly different in MMF power under any conditions. However, the autism group showed a left-biased latency prolongation of the MMF particularly under the across-phoneme change condition, and this latency delay was significantly associated with greater symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adults with autism are associated with delayed processing for automatic change detection of speech sounds. These electrophysiological abnormalities at the earliest level of information processing may contribute to the basis for language deficits observed in autism. SIGNIFICANCE: These results provide the first evidence for delayed latency of phonetic MMF in adults with autism.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Late language development in a child unable to recognize or produce speech sounds.

A boy with severe quadriplegia who neither recognized nor uttered speech sounds acquired language. Until the age of 6 years he was considered to be of severely subnormal intelligence. At age 6 years 9 months he was introduced to a manual sign system. Subsequently he was able to read, write, converse, and produce imaginative stories. Attention and memory were unimpaired and affective and social responsiveness developed appropriately. The case history demonstrates the selective effects of brain lesions that, despite extensive damage, may spare functional systems necessary for cognitive and linguistic development. It highlights the difficulty in diagnosing and evaluating the intellectual and affective potential of a multihandicapped child without functional hearing or speech and emphasizes the importance of sign language as a communication channel and prerequisite for the acquisition of reading and writing skills.

Aphasia↗
PubMed2003

The effect of otitis media with effusion on perceptual masking.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of otitis media with effusion (OME) on perceptual masking (a phenomenon in which spondee threshold for a 2-talker masker is poorer than for a speech-shaped noise masker). DESIGN: Longitudinal testing over a 1-year period following insertion of tympanostomy tubes, using clinical and normal-hearing control groups. SUBJECTS: Forty-seven children having a history of OME were tested. Possible testing intervals were just before the placement of tympanostomy tubes, and up to 3 separate occasions after the placement of the tubes. An age-matched control group of 19 children was tested. METHODS: A perceptual masking paradigm was used to measure the ability of the listener to recognize a spondee in either a speech-shaped noise or a 2-talker masker background. The masker was either continuous or gated on and off with the target spondee. RESULTS: In gated masking conditions, children with a history of normal hearing showed only slight perceptual masking, but the children with a history of OME showed relatively great perceptual masking before surgery and up to 6 months following surgery. In continuous masking conditions, both groups of children showed relatively great perceptual masking and did not differ significantly from each other in this respect either before or after surgery. However, before surgery, the OME group showed higher thresholds in both the 2-talker and speech-shaped noise maskers. CONCLUSIONS: In agreement with previous psychoacoustical findings, the relatively great perceptual masking in gated conditions shown by children with OME history may reflect a general deficit in complex auditory processing.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Auditory pattern perception in 'split brain' patients.

Three "split brain" subjects with normal peripheral hearing were tested on identifying monaurally presented auditory intensity and frequency patterns. One subject was tested before commissurotomy, ten days later, and one year after surgery. Results indicated that sectioning the corpus callosum dramatically affects the ability to verbally report both intensity and frequency patterns. However, the ability of the subjects to correctly "hum" frequency patterns was not impaired. Thus, it appears for a correct verbal report of an auditory pattern, interhemispheric transfer of acoustic information is required, while "humming" the pattern does not. Further application of this finding implicates auditory pattern tasks as as a potentially valuable test for detecting problems of higher auditory processing, particularly those affecting interhemispheric interaction.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1984

Acoustic tumors in the young adult.

Despite the widely held notion that acoustic neuroma is a disease of the middle and late years of life, this neoplasm frequently begins in young adults. It has been reported as occurring in a patient as young as seven years of age. Often, patients in their 20s or 30s may have minimal symptoms despite sizable tumors. Constant alertness for such lesions is essential for early diagnosis and optimal prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Volume perception in parkinsonian speech.

This study contrasted the volume level of speech production with perceived volume. Fifteen idiopathic patients with Parkinson's disease who have hypophonic dysarthria and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects participated in this study. Testing took place in a sound-proof room. Ability to regulate volume was tested at three instructional levels of loudness: participants were given no instructions regarding volume (to elicit normal default volume) or were asked to read loudly or quietly. Two types of volume-perception judgments were made. First, an estimate of one's own volume, immediately after speaking (that is, immediate perception), and secondly, an estimation of reading volume after hearing one's own voice played back (that is, playback perception). These perceptual ratings were compared with actual speech volume produced in reading and conversation tasks. It was found that there was less of a difference between patients' production and perception of speech volume compared with that of the control subjects. While patients spoke more quietly than control subjects, they nevertheless perceived (immediate and playback perception) their own speech to be louder than did the control subjects. Patients overestimated the volume of their speech during both reading and conversation. The findings raise the question as to whether impaired speech production is driven by a basic perceptual fault or whether perception is abnormal as a consequence of impaired mechanisms involved in the generation of quiet speech.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

On the development of low-level auditory discrimination and deficits in dyslexia.

Absolute auditory thresholds, frequency resolution and temporal resolution develop with age. It is still discussed whether low-level auditory performance is of clinical significance--specifically, for delayed maturation of central auditory processing. Recently, five new auditory tasks were used to study the development of low-level auditory discrimination. It was found that the development lasts up to the age of 16-18 years (on an average). Very similar tasks were now used with 432 controls and 250 dyslexic subjects in the age range of 7-22 years. For both groups the performance in one of the tasks was not related to the performance in another task indicating that the five tasks challenge independent subfunctions of auditory processing. Surprisingly high numbers of subjects were classified as low performers (LP), because they could not perform one or the other task at its easiest level and no threshold value could be assigned. For the dyslexics the incidence of LP was considerably increased in all tasks and age groups as compared with the age matched controls. The development of dynamic visual and optomotor functions and the corresponding deficits in dyslexia are discussed in relation to the auditory data presented here.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Auditory processing skills and phonological representation in dyslexic children.

It is now well-established that there is a causal connection between children's phonological skills and their acquisition of reading and spelling. Here we study low-level auditory processes that may underpin the development of phonological representations in children. Dyslexic and control children were given a battery of phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tasks. Potential relations between deficits in dyslexic performance in the auditory processing tasks and phonological awareness were explored. It was found that individual differences in auditory tasks requiring amplitude envelope rise time processing explained significant variance in phonological processing. It is argued that developmentally, amplitude envelope cues may be primary in establishing well-specified phonological representations, as these cues should yield important rhythmic and syllable-level information about speech.

Anomia↗
PubMed1980

Auditory perceptual problems in children: considerations for the otolaryngologist and audiologist.

Five cases of children with auditory processing problems are presented. These children had essentially normal peripheral hearing and ENT exam, but were referred with a question of hearing loss. An auditory perceptual test battery including rapidly alternating speech (RASP), binaural fusion, low pass filtered speech (LPFS), competing sentences, staggered spondiac words (SSW), dichotic digits and frequency patterns was employed. Though some of these tests did not show a perceptual deficit, the majority did depict specific types of auditory processing problems. Based on the information provided by this test battery, appropriate diagnosis and therapy can be provided for the patient.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed2002

Outcomes of hemisphericity questionnaires correlate with unilateral dichotic deafness.

Using the Dichotic Deafness Test, 145 university workers were separated into dichotic deafness and hearing groups based on minor ear responses to dichotic consonant-vowel stimuli. They were also separated into putative right and left brain-oriented groups by Zenhausern's Preference Questionnaire. Interestingly, members of the dichotically hearing group chose mainly right brain-oriented answers and vice versa. A correlation coefficient twice that obtained for Zenhausern's Preference Questionnaire resulted when subject groups separated by the novel Polarity Questionnaire were compared to Dichotic Deafness Test groups. Only 30% of Preference Questionnaire items, versus 90% of Polarity Questionnaire items, were significantly correlated with Dichotic Deafness Test groups. This is the first report of hemisphericity-type questionnaires showing significant correlations with a biophysical measure of brain laterality.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed2000

Perception of dynamic acoustic patterns by an individual with unilateral verbal auditory agnosia.

Previous studies have found that subjects diagnosed with verbal auditory agnosia (VAA) from bilateral brain lesions may experience difficulties at the prephonemic level of acoustic processing. In this case study, we administered a series of speech and nonspeech discrimination tests to an individual with unilateral VAA as a result of left-temporal-lobe damage. The results indicated that the subject's ability to perceive steady-state acoustic stimuli was relatively intact but his ability to perceive dynamic stimuli was drastically reduced. We conclude that this particular aspect of acoustic processing may be a major contributing factor that disables speech perception in subjects with unilateral VAA.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Rate of information segregation in developmentally dyslexic children.

Slowed processing of sequential perceptual information is related to developmental dyslexia. We investigated this unimodally and crossmodally in developmentally dyslexic children and controls ages 8-12 years. The participants judged whether two spatially separate trains of brief stimuli, presented at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) in one or two senses, were synchronous or not. The stimulus trains consisted of light flashes in vision, clicks in audition, and indentations of the skin in the tactile sense. The dyslexic readers required longer SOAs than controls for successful performance in all six comparisons. The crossmodal spatiotemporal resolution of the groups differed more than unimodal performance. The dyslexic readers' segregation performance was also less differentiated than that of the controls. Our results show that not only sensory but also polysensory nonverbal information processing is temporally impaired in dyslexic children.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1990

Central diplacusis.

Although diplacusis is usually indicative of cochlear pathology, to our knowledge causes in the central nervous system ("central diplacusis") have not been mentioned in the available literature. A case of central diplacusis involving a lesion in the posterior thalamus is now reported that resulted in diplacusis binauralis. A neuro-audiological explanation is offered to explain this phenomenon. Presumably, a lesion at the geniculate-collicular level, where pain and tactile impulses are interrelated with auditory, visual and olfactory ones, leads to the phenomenon perceived.

Auditory Perceptual Disorders↗
PubMed1996

The long-term effects of auditory training on children with autism.

Eighty children, 3-17 years of age, with autism or Asperger syndrome and mild to severe distress in the presence of some sounds, were randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group received auditory training and the control group listened to the same unmodified music under the same conditions. Significant improvements in behavior and severity of autism were maintained for 12 months by both groups. Informal data suggested that a range of abnormal responses to sound and other sensory abnormalities may also have improved. Verbal and performance IQ increased significantly 3 to 12 months after interventions. Findings suggest that some aspect of both auditory training and listening to selected unmodified music may have a beneficial effect on children with autism and sound sensitivity, and indicate a need for further research into the effects that led to these changes and the mechanisms involved in the sensory abnormalities commonly associated with autism.

Acoustic Stimulation↗