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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator on intra-abdominal abscess formation in rats with generalized peritonitis.

BACKGROUND: During generalized peritonitis, intraabdominal fibrin deposition is stimulated whereas fibrinolytic activity is reduced, which predisposes intra-abdominal abscess formation. We investigated the effects of increasing the intra-abdominal fibrinolytic activity on abscess formation by intra-abdominal administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Potential side effects, such as bacteremia and bleeding, were also assessed. STUDY DESIGN: A rat model of generalized peritonitis, induced by intraperitoneal injection of sterile feces contaminated with 10(4) cfu per mL Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 10(4) cfu per mL Bacteroides fragilis, was used. RESULTS: Rats treated with rt-PA dissolved in methyl hydroxy propyl cellulose (MHPC) gel (0.5 mg per mL), had significantly less intra-abdominal abscesses than rats in the control group, treated with either Ringer's lactate solution or MHPC gel alone (p < 0.01). Other than E. coli, cultures of abscesses revealed species originating from the intestine, demonstrating bacterial translocation. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the rats treated with rt-PA as compared with rats in the control group (p < 0.01), which was surprising considering the absence of bacteremia. By challenging the rats with a higher dose of E. coli, early bacteremia was observed in the rats treated with rt-PA, not related to increased mortality rates. Intraabdominal use of rt-PA was not associated with an increased incidence of bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator prevents abscess formation in rats with generalized peritonitis. However, early bacteremia and increased mortality rates are serious drawbacks of the intra-abdominal use of rt-PA in this rat model.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Curing antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides species by aminoacridines and ethidium bromide.

Three clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis and one faecal isolate of B. thetaiotaomicron resistant to one or more of the antibiotics chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline, were cured of their resistance markers by treatment with subinhibitory levels (16 micrograms/ml) of acriflavine, acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Chloramphenicol, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance markers were cured en bloc after exposure to the agents for 24 hr but elimination to tetracycline resistance markers required longer incubation (17-21 days) with the reagents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics for the Bacteroides strains before and after elimination are compared. Elimination of these antibiotic resistances indicates that the resistance markers are located as extrachromosomal plasmids (R-factors). The emergence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistances may compromise treatment of bacteroides infections and may also provide a reservoir of antibiotic resistance in the intestinal flora.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1999

Molecular detection of Bacteroides forsythus in infected root canals.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Bacteroides forsythus in infections of dental root canals. Eleven samples from infected root canals were analyzed by four different molecular methods. The prevalence of the monitored species varied as a function of the detection method. The polymerase chain reaction-DNA probe method after immunocapture yielded the highest prevalence value (6/11), whereas the lowest value was observed with the slot-blot (3/11). Of the 11 canal samples, 5 were positive by ELISA and 4 were positive by immunofluorescence. The presence of B. forsythus was detected by all four methods in 3/11 canals, whereas 4/11 appeared to be free of B. forsythus. Our data indicate that B. forsythus can be part of the endodontic microflora. The procedure consisting of immunomagnetic capture and a polymerase chain reaction-DNA probe assay can be useful as an alternative to culture for clinical studies of the species infecting human dental pulp.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenicity of piliated and encapsulated Bacteroides fragilis.

Of 20 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group, only three were encapsulated (C+) and these induced abscesses in mice. After coinoculation with live, formalized or capsular material from other bacteria seven other isolates formed abscesses. The Bacteroides recovered from these abscesses were C+; those that had been inoculated with Klebsiella had pili-like and bacteriophage-like structures. Once encapsulated, the Bacteroides isolates induced abscesses when injected alone.

Abscess↗
PubMed1999

Glucose utilisation in the lungs of septic rats.

Sequestration and degranulation of leucocytes in the pulmonary microcirculation is considered to be a key event in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis. Glucose serves as the main source of energy in activated leucocytes. The aim of this study was to assess whether glucose utilisation in the lungs can be used as an indicator of pulmonary leucocyte accumulation in an experimental model of sepsis of intra-abdominal origin. Sepsis was induced in rats by abdominal implantation of a gelatine capsule containing bacteria and rat colonic contents. Empty gelatine capsules were implanted in control animals. Animals were studied 6 and 12 h after sepsis induction. Glucose utilisation was measured as the tissue uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG) 1 h after intravenous injection of the tracer. Micro-autoradiography was also performed after injection of tritiated deoxyglucose. We found increased uptake of (18)FDG in the lungs of septic animals. The uptake also increased with time after sepsis induction. (18)FDG uptake in circulating leucocytes was increased in septic animals compared with controls, and micro-autoradiography showed intense accumulation of deoxyglucose in leucocytes in the lungs of septic animals. We conclude that glucose utilisation is increased in the lungs of septic rats. Measurements of pulmonary glucose utilisation as an index of leucocyte metabolic activity may open new possibilities for studies of the pathophysiology of sepsis and for evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Removal and inactivation of indicator bacteriophages in fresh waters.

AIMS: The removal and inactivation of faecal coliform (FC) bacteria, enterococci (ENT), sulphite-reducing clostridia (SRC), somatic coliphages, F-specific RNA bacteriophages and bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis in fresh waters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Removal was studied in two areas of a river. The results showed different removal of each group of microbes. Faecal coliform bacteria were removed faster than any other, whereas SRC and bacteriophages infecting Bact. fragilis were the most persistent. Inactivation was measured by 'in situ' experiments, which showed significant differences in survival of the different groups of bacterial and bacteriophage indicators. The SRC and bacteriophages were more resistant than faecal coliforms and enterococci, with the exception of F-specific RNA bacteriophages in the summer. Inactivation experiments with pure cultures of bacteriophages confirmed that phage B40-8 of Bact. fragilis was the most resistant. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteria and bacteriophages show different resistance to natural inactivation. The use of phages allows information to be obtained in addition to that provided by bacterial indicators. Somatic coliphages and phages infecting Bact. fragilis might supply that indicator function. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Confirmation was obtained that bacteriophages provided additional information to that provided by bacterial indicators to monitor the natural inactivation of viruses and/or pathogens.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

Pyogenic liver abscess.

A retrospective study of 18 adults admitted to Meir General Hospital with pyogenic liver abscess during the years 1982-88 was conducted. Our most useful diagnostic tool was ultrasound, which was accurate in all 15 patients in whom it was performed. Only two patients presented with multiple abscesses. Increased alkaline phosphatase was the most predictive laboratory finding, seen in all but one patient. One person was treated conservatively by antibiotics only. In one patient the abscess drained spontaneously into the right thoracic cavity. Initial surgical drainage was done in nine patients and percutaneous catheter drainage in seven. Only one patient died, of septic shock, yielding a mortality rate of 5.5%. The treatment-related complication rate, observed in almost half of the patients, was high. All patients with such complications required repeated drainage, which was achieved surgically in all cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pelvic cellulitis: a life-threatening complication of hemorrhoidal banding.

Rubber band ligation is a commonly employed office procedure for the eradication of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. Since 1980 increasingly frequent reports of an often fatal complication--"pelvic cellulitis"--have appeared. Death has been avoided for some of these patients by early recognition and treatment. One such survivor is reported here, in a case report that illustrates the value of early recognition of symptoms and appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofloxacin in intra-abdominal abscesses caused by Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli.

Experimental intra-abdominal abscesses were produced in mice by intraperitoneal injections of Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli. The therapeutic efficacy of ciprofloxacin was investigated in this mixed intra-abdominal abscess model and was compared with that of rifampicin. Treatment with ciprofloxacin at 0.2 to 20 mg/kg or rifampicin at 20 mg/kg prevented all mice from death, as compared to the 60% mortality rate observed in the vehicle-treated controls. Rifampicin concentrations at 10 and 20 mg/kg were effective in preventing abscess formation and eradicated bacterial abscess. Ciprofloxacin at all the levels tested neither reduced the incidence of abscess nor eradicated Bact. fragilis from abscesses. However, ciprofloxacin at levels of 20, 10, 5, and 1 mg/kg reduced significantly the number of E. coli cells in the abscess. The peak serum level of ciprofloxacin at the oral dose of 20 mg/kg was 0.43 mg/l which was well above the MIC values for E. coli but not for Bact. fragilis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

[Antibacterial activity of MT-141 against anaerobic bacteria].

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of MT-141, a new cephamycin, against anaerobic bacteria were compared with those of cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, latamoxef and cefazolin to obtain the following results. MT-141 showed high activity against a wide variety of anaerobic bacteria including B. fragilis and C. difficile except for Eubacterium lentum, E. aerofaciens and B. furcosus. Antibacterial activity of MT-141 against anaerobic bacteria was almost independent of inoculum size, medium, pH and serum addition. In vitro development of resistance of MT-141 against P. variabilis and B. fragilis was comparable to that of CMZ. Successive parenteral administration of MT-141 into mice did not cause abnormal proliferation of C. difficile. MT-141 showed excellent therapeutic effect against experimental subcutaneous abscess in mice caused by B. fragilis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Septicemia as a complication of liver biopsy.

Although bacteremia is a common accompaniment of needle liver biopsy, septicemia is an extremely rare complication and normally occurs within the first eight hours after the procedure. A case of late onset septicemia, caused by E. coli and B. fragilis, secondary to bowel perforation during liver biopsy, is presented with a brief review of the recent literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Management of postoperative infections in obstetrics and gynecology.

A discussion of postoperative infections in obstetrics and gynecology has been presented with particular emphasis on soft tissue infections involving the operative site. It has been emphasized that the offending organisms are those normally found in the vagina and cervix and that mixed infections are common. The immediate life threats to the patient are endotoxin shock and clostridial sepsis; therefore, initial therapy should include coverage for those organisms. Because of the potential toxicity of clindamycin and chloramphenicol, as well as the usual protracted course of Bacteroides infections, the addition of one of these drugs can generally be deferred until its use is dictated by microbiologic data or a failure of clinical response. Persistent fever generally indicates a lack of the appropriate antibiotic, an undrained collection of pus, or concomitant pelvic thrombophlebitis, the latter being a special concern with anaerobic infections. Specific infections and their management have also been discussed as have urinary tract and pulmonary infections and drug fever.

Abscess↗