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Results for “BREAST DISEASES”

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PubMed1990

Methylxanthines and fibrocystic breast disease: a study of correlations.

Daily methylxanthine ingestion from drug and dietary sources was studied by means of questionnaires from a sample of 102 women who visited the office of a radiologist for xeromammograms. The mammograms were used to measure the level of fibrocystic breast disease. Fibrocystic breast disease was found to be positively correlated with both caffeine and total methylxanthine ingestion. These positive findings are discussed in light of the fact that most recent studies of this link have been negative.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Fibrocystic breast disease: every woman is at risk.

Fibrocystic breast disease refers to a constellation of breast changes observed in premenopausal women, and 90% of all women experience evidence of pathophysiologic changes in the breast during their lifetime. Although most breast changes are harmless, women need to be concerned with the increased risk of breast cancer, one of the leading causes of death in women in the United States.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Benign breast disease I: hormonal investigation.

One hundred eighty-four patients with benign breast disease (BBD) were studied and compared with 50 normal women. All of the women had ovulatory cycles according to a biphasic basal body temperature and a plasma prolactin in the normal range. Their corpus luteum function was evaluated by way of plasma progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) determinations at days 5, 7, and 9 of the hyperthermic phase. In the 184 patients, plasma P over plasma E2 ratio during the luteal phase was found significantly lower than in normal women. When the patients were grouped according to type of breast lesions, it appeared that plasma P was constantly lower in all groups than in the normal women, while plasma E2 was either normal or elevated in the groups of patients with adenosis tumors and increased nodularity of both breasts. From these results it may be postulated that an imbalance in the secretion of E2 and P by the corpus luteum is a constant finding in women with benign breast disease.

Adenofibroma↗

PubMed2006

Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosis, and management.

Benign breast diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions including developmental abnormalities, inflammatory lesions, epithelial and stromal proliferations, and neoplasms. In this review, common benign lesions are summarized and their relationship to the development of subsequent breast cancer is emphasized.

Breast Diseases↗

PubMed1995

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in benign breast diseases.

The expression of PCNA was examined by immunohistochemistry on 95 formalin-fixed breast surgical specimens. Seventy-four were benign breast disease, 3 atypical hyperplasia; 5 in situ carcinoma; 13 invasive carcinoma. Forty-two percent of benign breast disease, 75% of atypical hyperplasia/in situ carcinoma and 92% of invasive breast carcinoma expressed PCNA nuclear staining. Forty percent of cysts, 15.78% of sclerosing adenosis, 22.22% of adenosis, and 17.39% of epitheliosis expressed low cyclin protein levels (PCNA score I, < 18%); 20% of cysts, 31.57% of sclerosing adenosis, 5.55% of adenosis and 43.47% of epitheliosis expressed moderate levels (PCNA score II, 18 to 50%); whereas 50% of atypical hyperplasia/in situ carcinoma and 54% of invasive breast carcinoma contained high levels (PCNA score III, > 50%). This study on PCNA/cyclin localization suggests that PCNA is an early indicator of ongoing cellular proliferation.

Breast↗

PubMed2000

[Invasive radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of benign breast diseases].

100% of cases of cystic breast disease were effectively diagnosed using high-tech complex examination procedures. The most efficient invasive methods of diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Surgery was reduced to 88% due to application of sclerosing-solution techniques for conservative treatment of breast cysts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

The significance of HER-2/neu/c-erbB-2 gene amplification in benign and malignant breast disease.

This study was carried out to investigate the amplification of HER-2/neu oncogene in 66 patients with primary breast cancer and 90 samples from benign breast disease (BBD). The amplification of HER-2/neu oncogene in the DNA of paraffin-embedded specimens was determined by differential PCR. Nineteen out of 66 (28.8%) breast cancer patients showed amplification of the gene. No gene amplification was found in benign breast disease. There was no significant correlation of HER-2/neu amplification with, age, menopausal status, the number of positive nodes, tumor size, estrogen receptor, however, amplification of HER-2/neu gene was strongly correlated with nodal status (p = 0.0049). In node positive patients, the incidence of HER-2/neu amplification was high (43%). These findings indicate that the amplification of HER-2/neu gene may be of pathogenetic significance in breast cancer and may have a poor prognosis in node positive breast cancer patients while no gene amplification in benign breast disease suggests that HER-2/neu amplification is a late molecular alteration event in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fibrocystic breast disease. An update and review.

Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) is a benign condition that afflicts at least 50% of women of childbearing age. Because of the occurrence rate, the condition is sometimes referred to as a nondisease. The cause of FBD remains unknown, and treatment is only empirical. This article reviews normal breast anatomy and physiology, describes the morphological changes apparent in FBD, discusses current etiological theories and treatment modalities, and identifies nursing interventions relative to women with FBD.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Luteal insufficiency and benign breast diseases. Study in the light of data from the combined LH-RH + TRH test together with the study of ovarian steroids].

Luteal deficiency has been attributed a patho-physiologic role in benign fibro-cystic breast disease, whereas Prolactin would not be involved in this disease. To tes these hypotheses, patients with fibro-cystic breast disease have been investigated through the combined LH-RH + TRH test, coupled with ovarian steroids estimations. 63 menstruating patients with ovulatory cycles, as evidenced by the temperature curve and proven fibro-cystic breast disease, as demonstrated by senography and thermogrphy and/or operation, have been selected for this study. The findings do not favour the role of luteal dificiency but rather the role of PRL hyperactivity in the pathol-physiology of fibro-cySTIC BREAST DISEASE.

Breast Diseases↗

PubMed1990

[Endocrinology and therapy of breast diseases].

In 193 patients with fibrocystic breast diseases in 46% basal prolactin levels were elevated and many women had an increased reaction to TRH test with increased TSH and PRL serum levels. The author recommend for treatment progestogens dopamine antagonists and danazol.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Methylxanthine, alcohol-free diet and fibrocystic breast disease: a factorial clinical trial.

A controlled clinical trial was conducted in Milan, Italy to analyze the effects of methylxanthine (MTX) and alcohol abstention on signs and symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease. A total of 192 women with a clinical and thermographic diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease were randomly assigned to four groups on the basis of two-by-two factorial design: (1) abstention from MTX-containing beverages, (2) abstention from alcohol, (3) abstention from MTX and alcohol, and (4) no dietary advice. Of these, 162 (84.4%) were followed up at approximately 6 months. No statistically or clinically significant effect of a MTX- or alcohol-free diet was observed on signs and symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease. On the basis of the results of the present and previous randomized controlled studies, it thus appears possible to exclude that abstention from coffee and other MTX-containing beverages can substantially reduce signs and symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease within a few months.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Oral contraceptives and breast disease. An epidemiological study.

A case-control study of the relationship between use of oral contraceptives and cancer of the breast, cancer of the corpus uteri, cancer of the ovary, and benign breast diseases was undertaken among women in the age group 20--44 years who had been admitted to several large hospitals in Connecticut. No significant association was seen between use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer. It was found that the longer a woman had used sequential oral contraceptives, the lower her relative risk of benign breast disease. Use of combination oral contraceptives, however, did not appear to influence the risk of benign breast diseases. The numbers of cases with cancer of the ovary and of the corpus uteri in this age group were too small for any conclusions to be reached.

Adenofibroma↗

PubMed1977

Cytologic evaluation of breast fluid in the detection of breast disease.

The availability and cell content of aspirated breast fluid from 1,706 women were evaluated to determine the usefulness of breast fluid cytology as an indicator of breast disease. A newly developed aspirator was used to obtain cells adequate for diagnosis from approximately 50% of the women tested. Fluids were most readily available from women between the ages of 30 and 50 years. Although abnormal cytologies were observed in all age groups, the relative proportion of abnormal specimens as well as the degree of abnormality increased as a function of age. More women over 40 years of age with a high risk of breast cancer had cells classified in the more abnormal categories than did women in the normal risk group. To localize otherwise occult lesions, contrast ductography was performed on all women with very abnormal ductal cells. Women with atypical hyperplastic cytologies most commonly had benign and premalignant breast disease at subsequent biopsy. Of 27 women with fluids classified as suspected carcinomas 18 (66%) had small carcinomas. These observations strongly suggested that the presence of atypical cells in aspirated breast fluids has important clinical application for early detection of breast cancer. One limitation of cytology was that the technique rarely detected carcinomas greater than 1 cm.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Trace elements and superoxide dismutase in benign and malignant breast diseases.

This study was planned to determine the probable changes in trace element levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in women with neoplastic breast diseases. Measurements were performed in three different groups. The first group consisted of 20 healthy women, control group, the second group contained 16 patients with benign breast disease and the third group contained 39 patients with malignant breast disease. The trace element concentrations were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and SOD activity by using spectrophotometry. When compared with the control values, the plasma copper levels were slightly increased in the second group and significantly in the third group (p < 0.001). The difference between the benign and malignant groups was also significant (p < 0.001). The red cell copper values showed a marked decrease in both groups (p < 0 001). Although there were increases in the plasma zinc levels of both patient groups, the differences were not significant statistically. But, the red cell zinc values showed an significant increase in benign and malignant patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001) (p < 0.001). The plasma magnesium and red cell magnesium values did not show significant differences. The red cell SOD activity showed an significant increase in the benign and malignant patient groups (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggested that reactive oxygen metabolites may play a pathogenetic role in the both benign and malignant tumor development, which is reflected by the change in SOD activity, and in trace element concentrations.

Breast Diseases↗

PubMed1998

Clinical and pathological features of breast disease in Cowden's syndrome: an underrecognized syndrome with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Cowden's syndrome (CS), or multiple hamartoma syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with benign skin tumors and an increased risk of breast cancer. In an effort to understand the basic mechanisms regulating the development of breast cancer in this patient population, as well as to define diagnostic aspects of the disorder, we describe for the first time the clinical and pathological spectrum of breast disease in CS. We obtained the clinical histories and examined the histopathology of 59 cases from 19 women with CS sent to us from a variety of institutions. The 19 women showed a spectrum of benign histopathological findings, including ductal hyperplasia, intraductal papillomatosis, adenosis, lobular atrophy, fibroadenomas, and fibrocystic change. Seventeen (89%) showed features suggestive of a breast hamartoma. Fourteen women (74%) showed malignant disease, most of which was ductal carcinoma. Twelve patients (86%) showed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 12 (86%) showed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. One patient had only DCIS and another patient showed both infiltrating tubular carcinoma and lobular carcinoma in situ. Ten patients (71%) actually showed foci of tumor involving densely fibrotic, hamartomatous areas. In summary, we show that women with CS have a spectrum of exuberant benign and malignant breast pathology. A common benign breast lesion in CS is a densely fibrotic hyalinized nodule, whereas the most frequent breast malignancy is ductal carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Progestogen use and decreased risk of breast cancer in a cohort study of premenopausal women with benign breast disease.

A cohort study of 1,150 premenopausal French women with benign breast disease diagnosed in two breast clinics between 1976 and 1979 was carried out to analyse the relationship between progestogen use and the risk of breast cancer. The follow-up accumulated 12,462 person-years. The risk of breast cancer was estimated using a Poisson regression analysis on person-time data and the proportional hazards model. In the latter analysis, cumulated progestogen use and age were considered as time-varying covariables and adjustment was performed on the main risk factors for breast cancer. Neither overall progestogen use nor the duration of use was found to be significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. When progestogens were classified into two categories according to their hormonal potency (19-nortestosterone derivatives vs other progestogens), 19-nortestosterone derivative use was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. In the adjusted model, the corresponding risk of breast cancer was 0.48 (95% confidence interval 0.25-0.90). In addition, there was a linear trend in the decrease of the relative risk of breast cancer with the duration of use (P = 0.02). These results do not support the hypothesis that progestogens might increase the breast cancer risk. They suggest, instead, that treatment with 19-nortestosterone derivatives might have a beneficial effect on the risk of breast cancer in women with benign breast disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation Versus Open Surgery for Benign Breast Disease: Impact on Postoperative Lactation.

BACKGROUND: Benign breast disease (BBD) is common in adult women. While ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) is an established minimally invasive treatment, its comparative impact on postoperative lactation, particularly mastitis, remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate mastitis outcomes following MWA versus open surgery for BBD. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 79 patients (105 nodules) treated between January 2018 and August 2023 were included 41 patients (62 nodules) underwent MWA and 38 patients (43 nodules) underwent open surgery. All patients lactated within 5 years post-procedure. The primary outcome was the incidence of lactational mastitis without systemic symptoms (MWoSS) and mastitis with systemic symptoms (MSS). Patient satisfaction was also assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of MWoSS was significantly lower in the MWA group (19.5%) than in the open surgery group (50.0%). Similarly, MSS occurred in 4.9% of the MWA group versus 34.2% of the open surgery group. Multivariate analysis identified open surgery as an independent risk factor, associated with a 4.13-fold increased risk of MWoSS (OR = 4.125, 95% CI: 1.517-11.218) and a 10.14-fold increased risk of MSS (OR = 10.140, 95% CI: 2.107-48.793). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the MWA group (9.29 ± 0.72 vs. 8.15 ± 1.13, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared to open surgery, ultrasound-guided MWA for BBD is associated with a significantly lower risk of postoperative mastitis and higher patient satisfaction, supporting its use for women of reproductive age, particularly when future breastfeeding is planned.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Estrogen replacement therapy in women with a history of proliferative breast disease.

BACKGROUND: Little information is available regarding the invasive breast carcinoma risk associated with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women with histories of histologically defined breast lesions. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of a consecutive series of women who underwent breast biopsies that proved to be benign between 1952-1978 was conducted. Follow-up data were obtained for 9494 women (87.6% of women eligible for follow-up). To investigate the effect of ERT on invasive breast carcinoma risk, the analysis was restricted to women with premenopausal breast disease whose follow-up extended through menopause and who did not develop premenopausal breast carcinoma. Relative risks were calculated with respect to women who took ERT but whose benign breast biopsies had neither atypical hyperplasia (AH), complex fibroadenoma (CFA), nor proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA). RESULTS: During 190,845 woman-years of follow-up there were 444 confirmed cases of invasive breast carcinoma in the entire cohort. Women with a history of AH had relative risks of invasive breast carcinoma of 2.87 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.3-6.3) and 2.53 (95% CI, 1.0-6.3) if they did or did not take ERT, respectively. For women with a history of CFA these risks were 1.57 (95% CI, 0.72-3.4) and 1.46 (95% CI, 0.53-4.0), respectively, whereas for women with a history of PDWA they were 1.37 (95% CI, 0.88-2.1) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.69-1.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ERT does not significantly elevate the risk of invasive breast carcinoma in women with previous histologically defined benign breast disease. Therefore, ERT is not contraindicated in these women.

Adult↗