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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Critical size defect in the goat's os ilium. A model to evaluate bone grafts and substitutes.

Bone defects and their treatment are a well known problem in orthopaedic surgery. A critical size defect is a suitable model to study bone replacement materials. This study describes a critical size defect in the goal and the evaluation of three bone fillers (particulate autograft, particulate allograft, and a polyethylene oxide/polybutylene terephthalate copolymer) in this defect. The goat allows for implantation of large implants and has a metabolic rate more comparable with that of humans than small animals. The critical size defect, located in the goat's iliac wing, is easily reproducible and allows qualitative and quantitative evaluation of bone grafts and bone graft substitutes. After 3 months of healing, the unfilled defects showed 13.5% bone in the defect, the autografted defects 36.3%, and the allografted 18.5%. The copolymer gave only 1.5% bone in the defect; this is in contrast to previous reports. The described model allows for the evaluation of bone graft substitutes before introduction into clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Bone cement or bone substitute augmentation of pedicle screws improves pullout strength in posterior spinal fixation.

Pedicle screws are widely used to fix posterior spinal implants. However, in some situations, such as at the ends of long constructs in scoliosis correction, the screws may pull out of the pedicles. This limits the use of pedicle screw fixation where bone quality is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using either a low-viscosity bone cement (Palacos LV) or a bone augmentation material (Cortoss) on the pullout strength of typical pedicle screws (5 mm USS Schanz screws). Ten lumbar calf vertebrae were implanted with pedicle screws. One screw was inserted as normal, and the contralateral screw was augmented with Palacos LV or Cortoss. A plate was then cemented to the posterior surface of each pedicle and the screws were pulled out using a tensile testing machine. The pullout strength of the non-augmented screws was 1203+/-260 N, while the pullout strength of the augmented screws was 1970+/-220 N (Palacos LV) and 2021+/-342 N (Cortoss). Both Palacos LV and Cortoss significantly increased the pullout strength (p=0.0213 and p=0.0029, respectively). There was no significant difference between the Palacos LV and Cortoss groups (p=0.79).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Initial in-vivo evaluation of glass-ionomer cements for use as alveolar bone substitutes.

The response of rat femora to implantation of four glass-ionomer (polyalkenoic) cements (GIC) compared to that seen following implantation of densely sintered hydroxyapatite (Ha) ceramic was evaluated for periods up to 12 weeks. Light and transmission electron microscopic analysis of the GIC/bone interface revealed direct bonding of the GIC G338 and Ketac Cem (both based on fluoro-alumino-silicate) glasses to bone, with a mineralized collagen-containing extra-cellular matrix deposited on the surface of the GIC. AquaCem and the fluoride-free GIC based on MP4 glass showed incomplete osseointegration.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed2001

Beta-tricalcium phosphate as a bone substitute for dorsal spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: preliminary results of a prospective clinical study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in granular form to achieve dorsal spondylodesis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Twenty-eight patients underwent surgical correction and were followed up for 13+/-8 (range 6-33) months. Posterolateral grafting was performed, using either autograft bone mixed with allograft bone (n=19; "bone group") or autograft bone mixed with 25 g TCP (n=9; "TCP group"). Patients were followed by clinical examination, X-rays and computed tomographic (CT) scans to measure bone mineral density. Fusion involved 12+/-1 (range 10-14) vertebrae. The segments were fused after 6+/-1 months in both groups according to the radiographs. No pseudarthrosis was observed. Bone mineral density was 430+/-111 (range 273-629) mg/cm3 in the TCP group versus 337+/-134 (range 130-669) mg/cm3 in the bone group. Resorption of TCP was complete on the radiographs after 8+/-2 (range 6-10) months. Based upon the results of this small preliminary study, the use of TCP appears to be a valuable alternative to allografts for application in the spine, even when large amounts of bone are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Biocompatibility of tetracalcium phosphate cement when used as a bone substitute.

We evaluated the biocompatibility of tetracalcium phosphate (4CP) cement, made of 4CP powder and 40 wt% copolymer of polyacrylic acid/itaconic acid and 10 wt% citric acid solution. Light and electron microscopic characteristics were studied 3, 10 and 30 d after implantation. Neither inflammation nor foreign-body giant cell reaction was observed in the tissue adjacent to the implanted material. After 30 d, this material was surrounded with newly formed bone. Ultrastructural examination showed that osteogenesis occurred directly on the surface of the material. These findings suggest that this 4CP cement is biocompatible and possesses osteoconductive properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[An experimental comparative study of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium-phosphate as bone substitutes].

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and beta tricalcium-phosphate (TCP) were implanted into the femoral distal metaphysis of 18 adult mongrel dogs. X-ray pictures were periodically taken following surgery, and the animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 weeks, and 1, 2 years postoperatively. The undecalcified specimens were stained using Cole HE stain. During 2 years following surgery, both radiological and macroscopic examinations revealed no significant change in either HAP or TCP. In the undecalcified specimens, an apparent change in configuration was only noticed in the TCP, but there was no difference in the degree of new bone formation between HAP and TCP implants. At 2 years postoperatively, the Ca/P ratios of the HAP and TCP implants remained constant. The results of this study therefore suggest that TCP is a promising autograft extender.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the mechanical properties of resorbable bone substitutes].

The mechanical properties of blood clots stabilized with collagen, gelatine and alginate sponges were compared with the oid of thrombelastography and volumetric tests. The collagen sponges were distinctly inferior to gelatine and alginate in stabilizing the clot against retraction. There was no evidence of any interaction between collagen and blood clot.

Alginates↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of standards for hydroxyapatite as bone substitute].

Hydroxyapatite ceramic for surgical implants is a material that meets the ASTM F 1185-88 standard. A standard defines specifications for the manufacturer, in particular in the area of quality control. A standard like this provides the necessary basis for clinical use, but only the approval of the public health department provides a fully adequate basis for broader application.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1992

[Bone substitutes and infection in maxillofacial surgery].

Bony substitutes are in fashion in maxillofacial surgery. They are used to fill bony cavities, in bony reconstruction to give shape-lines and re-create area of support or to fill bony defects. Then their use is frequently crowned by success in general surgery, it is not the same thing in maxillofacial surgery because of the usual impossibility to fulfil a requirement to biomaterial utilisation: the watertight. Furthermore, they don't have yet, for the most part, an essential quality: malleability. In our experience, their use are frequently disappointing because of postoperative infections and we stay faithful to the autograft bone. However it is highly probable that these biomaterials will take an importance more and more considerable when these problems will be overcame.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2006

Bone grafts and substitutes.

Bone is a complex organ system that provides structural support for the human body while also serving an important protective function for the internal organs. It is estimated that over 500,000 bone-grafting procedures are performed annually in the United States. These procedures have stimulated the pursuit of novel biomaterials with ideal properties. Key goals are to develop a biomaterial to replace bone that is inexpensive, biocompatible, radiolucent, resistant to infection, compressible, and replaced by host bone. The purpose of this review is to present the uses of commercially available bone grafts substitutes including allografts, calcium sulfates, calcium phosphates, and polymer materials. Descriptions of these biomaterials are provided in the context of their applications including craniofacial surgery, neurosurgery, fracture repair, dental and periodontal procedures, as well as pediatric reconstruction.

Bone Substitutes↗
PubMed1990

[Cytocompatibility of dense polycrystalline hydroxyapatite particles as bone substitute].

The vitro cell culture was used to study cytocompatibility of dense polycrystalline hydroxylapatite. Histologic examination and scanning electron microscopy were used to study qualitatively the growth and adhesion of fibroblasts when they came into contact with hydroxylapatite in culture. The proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro, using the tritiated thymidine uptake method, allows a quantitative analysis of cell activation in response to the extracted solution of the materials. The results of experiment indicated that there were no adverse effects on the growth, adhesion and proliferation rate of human gingiva fibroblasts when they came into contact with hydroxylapatite.

Animals↗