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Results for “Cognitive-behavioral interventions”

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PubMed1986

The effects of cognitive-behavior modification on private speech and task performance during problem solving among learning-disabled and normally achieving children.

Recent research has supported the hypothesis that poor performance among learning-disabled (LD) children is frequently the result of deficits in self-regulation of strategic behaviors, rather than structural or ability deficits. As a result, cognitive-behavior modification (CBM) techniques that emphasize development of self-regulation through self-verbalizations (private speech) have been strongly recommended. The present study examined the natural occurrence of regulatory private speech among LD and normally achieving children during problem solving, as well as the effects of CBM training on private speech and task performance. Results indicated significant deficiencies in private speech and task performance among LD children; CBM training resulted in significant improvements. These results provide further verification of deficits in self-regulation of cognitive activity among LD children and import implications for intervention.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2025

Social Responsiveness as a Mediator in Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Autistic Youth with Maladaptive and Interfering Anxiety.

Numerous adaptations to interventions have been included in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for autistic youth. This study examines the degree to which CBT adapted to the social needs of autistic youth confers significant benefit by promoting social responsiveness. A secondary analysis was conducted on a multisite randomized clinical trial (Wood et al. in JAMA Psychiatry 77:474-483, 2020) comparing adapted CBT with standard-of-practice CBT and treatment-as-usual (TA). Autistic youth (N = 167; aged 7-13) with maladaptive and interfering anxiety participated. The adapted CBT (BIACA) uses a modular format, with an emphasis on supplementing common CBT practice elements (reframing and graded exposure) with social skill supports. The primary outcome measure was the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale. Social responsiveness was assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition. Participants' general mental health was assessed as a secondary outcome using the Brief Problem Checklist. Mediation was tested using the SPSS PROCESS macro. Analyses suggested that the effect of adapted CBT on anxiety was mediated by its effects on social responsiveness, with a statistically significant indirect effect. Youth randomly assigned to adapted CBT exhibited better overall mental health at posttreatment compared to those randomized to the other conditions, and this effect was also mediated by improved social responsiveness. CBT adapted to address some of the social needs of autistic youth may enhance mental health outcomes by supporting social responsiveness, perhaps increasing the ease and effectiveness with which some youth can navigate potentially stressful situations such as entering and participating in group activities.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Relapse prevention in psychoeducational groups for compulsive crack cocaine smokers.

The paper presents a model of relapse prevention that utilizes metaphor, education, and psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral principles in psychoeducational groups for compulsive crack cocaine smokers during inpatient detoxification. Relapse prevention teaches engagement in preventive alternative behaviors after inpatient detoxification. Clinical interventions impress patients with the nature of their psychological vulnerability to internal and external dangers and the importance of aftercare treatment post detoxification to receive needed support negotiating high risk situations. The paper provides a detailed description of the group process and of the actual interventions the clinician utilizes, thereby expanding clinical options on what to do and say when educating patients on relapse. Interventions prepare patients to negotiate the numerous high risk situations they will encounter after inpatient treatment that could easily trigger relapse. Psychoeducation provides patients with a cognitive and intellectual framework in which to understand the process of psychotherapy, the difficulties regulating affect and self esteem, and how aftercare treatment addresses their psychological problems and decreases chances of relapse.

Cocaine↗
PubMed1994

Stress and coping in the context of psychoneuroimmunology: a holistic framework for nursing practice and research.

Nurses who specialize in mental health routinely deal with stress and coping as priority issues. Yet there has been no consensus on an overriding framework for organizing and interpreting knowledge concerning the influences of stress on health and well-being. In addition, stress-management interventions have often been piecemeal. This article surveys traditional and emerging conceptualizations of stress and stress management, with a special focus on the transactional model and psychoneuroimmunology as complementary integrative frameworks. The authors recommend a comprehensive approach for stress management that includes behavioral, cognitive, and combination strategies for active coping as well as cognitive-behavioral techniques for relaxation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Addressing women's concerns about weight gain due to smoking cessation.

Specific concerns about weight gain following smoking cessation inhibit attempts to quit smoking, especially in women. However, adjunct interventions to prevent weight gain after cessation have generally been successful only in attenuating, rather than preventing, weight gain. More aggressive weight control adjuncts may be necessary to prevent cessation-induced weight gain. On the other hand, weight control programs have not been found to improve long-term smoking abstinence and, in fact, may actually impede abstinence, necessitating a search for alternative approaches to addressing weight concerns. Since the typical amount of weight gain is essentially trivial from a health standpoint, particularly when compared with the health benefits of quitting smoking, the most appropriate clinical strategy may be to combat the weight concerns themselves rather than the weight gain. A second alternative approach is to focus all treatment efforts on smoking cessation alone, to avoid placing excessive burdens on participants resulting from attempting simultaneous changes in multiple health behaviors (i.e., smoking and those related to weight). The rationales for these three clinical approaches to addressing concerns about weight gain-more effective weight control, direct reduction in weight concerns by cognitive-behavioral treatment, and smoking cessation only-are presented, followed by descriptions of the adjunct treatments based on these approaches currently being evaluated in a clinical outcome study with women trying to quit smoking.

Body Image↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of education versus behavioral skills training interventions in lowering sexual HIV-risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents.

Substance-dependent adolescents (N = 34) in a residential drug treatment facility received either a 6-session behavior skills training HIV-risk reduction intervention or standard HIV education. After the intervention, adolescents who received behavior skills training exhibited increased knowledge about HIV-AIDS, more favorable attitudes toward prevention and condom use, more internal locus of control, increased self-efficacy, increased recognition of HIV risk and decreases in high-risk sexual activity. Self-report data were corroborated by records for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. The results from this pilot demonstration effort suggest that skills training based on cognitive-behavioral principles may be effective in lowering high-risk adolescents' vulnerability to HIV infection and warrant evaluation in a controlled comparison with a larger sample.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study.

This study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment package for pathological gambling. Twenty-nine men who met criteria for pathological gambling in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised; DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) were randomly assigned to treatment or wait-list control. The treatment included 4 components: (a) cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions about gambling, (b) problem-solving training, (c) social skills training, and (d) relapse prevention. The dependent variables were the South Oaks Gambling Screen, perception of control, frequency of gambling, perceived self-efficacy, desire to gamble, and number of DSM-III-R criteria met by participants. Posttest results indicated highly significant changes in the treatment group on all outcome measures, and analysis of data from 6- and 12-month follow-ups revealed maintenance of therapeutic gains. Recommendations for clinical interventions are discussed and focus on the cognitive correction of erroneous perceptions of gambling.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An investigation of cognitive-behavior therapy combined with oral valium for children undergoing painful medical procedures.

In previous research, a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) package was found to be effective in reducing children's distress associated with the painful medical procedures of bone marrow aspirations (BMAs) and lumbar punctures (LPs). Orally administered Valium demonstrated less effectiveness but was helpful in reducing behavioral distress before the medical procedure. In the present study, we investigated whether the combination of oral Valium and CBT would result in increased efficacy of the CBT. Eighty-three subjects were randomly assigned to receive either CBT or CBT plus Valium while undergoing either a BMA or an LP. Dependent variables included observed behavioral distress, self-reported fear and pain, and pulse rate. Results failed to support the value of such a combination but did provide additional evidence in regard to the effectiveness of the CBT. The need for more potent medical interventions for some children is discussed.

Arousal↗
PubMed1996

Intervention strategies for students with ADHD: creating a holistic approach.

An overview of therapy approaches commonly used by speech-language pathologists with students having ADHD and their primary intervention responsibilities with these students is presented. Several strategies for establishing the kinds of learning contexts necessary for success are described, which emphasize the importance of empowering students in meaningful and relevant contexts. Five major intervention strategies for working with ADHD students are reviewed briefly--modifying learning environments, pharmacological therapy, behavioral management, cognitive-behavior modification, and classroom academic management--and detailed references for each are provided.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1994

Psychosocial treatment of phobia and panic disorders.

Intervention packages combining cognitive restructuring techniques and exposure exercises have become the psychosocial treatments of choice for panic, agoraphobia, and social phobia. Exposure and related desensitization techniques are the treatment of choice for all variants of simple phobia. Combining psychotropic medication and cognitive-behavior therapy suggests strategies that offer new opportunities for increasing the number of individuals with anxiety disorders who can be effectively treated with a biobehavioral approach.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1998

Cognitive-behavioral play therapy.

Discusses cognitive-behavioral play therapy (CBPT), a developmentally sensitive treatment for young children that relies on flexibility, decreased expectation for verbalizations by the child, and increased reliance on experiential approaches. The development of CBPT for preschool-age children provides a relatively unique adaptation of cognitive therapy as it was originally developed for adults. CBPT typically contains a modeling component through which adaptive coping skills are demonstrated. Through the use of play, cognitive change is communicated indirectly, and more adaptive behaviors can be introduced to the child. Modeling is tailored for use with many specific cognitive and behavioral interventions. Generalization and response prevention are important features of CBPT. With minor modifications, many of the principles of cognitive therapy, as delineated for use with adults, are applicable to young children. Case examples are presented to highlight the application of CBPT. Although CBPT has a sound therapeutic base and utilizes proven techniques, more rigorous empirical scrutiny is needed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Ephedrine-induced thermogenesis as an adjunct to cognitive restructuring and covert conditioning: a proposal for treatment of obese individuals.

Experimental investigators have discussed the therapeutic potential of ephedrine as a thermogenic agent in the treatment of obese individuals. Because research into thermogenesis and the role of sympathetic nervous system stimulation in weight control primarily has emphasized pharmacological interventions, the authors suggest that cognitive restructuring and covert conditioning procedures could be valuable psychotherapeutic additions to a pharmacologically derived weight-loss regimen. Furthermore, it is concluded that additional clinical research is necessary to determine the efficacy of integrating ephedrine therapy and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapeutic procedures as adjuncts to a multidimensional program for treating obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

The role of node-link mapping in individual and group counseling.

The value of using a visual representation strategy, called node-linking mapping, was evaluated in individual and group drug abuse counseling settings. Methadone maintenance clients were randomly assigned to counselors trained to use mapping techniques (n = 57), and those who used standard counseling (n = 51). Clients in the mapping counseling group had more favorable perceptions of their own therapeutic engagement and progress as indicated by ratings of cognitive-behavioral and motivational attributes than did those in standard counseling. Overall, individual sessions were viewed by clients as being more valuable than group counseling, but the use of mapping increased the helpfulness attributed to group counseling to near the same level as individual counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Tailoring treatment approaches to the individualized needs of cancer patients with pain.

Cognitive-behavioral and behavioral interventions, which have been successfully used to manage chronic pain unrelated to cancer, are an acceptable treatment for the psychobiological factors, including the expression of feelings, associated with pain in cancer patients. However, testing the effectiveness of complex multidimensional programs is difficult because of confounding factors such as progression of disease and measurement of potentially reactive outcomes. Patients were enrolled in theoretically strong individualized treatment programs for 5 weeks, with follow-up observation at 9 and 17 weeks. Weekly strategies were chosen to contribute to the achievement of patient-selected pretreatment goals. Interventions were designed to achieve psychobiological outcomes such as a decrease in inaccurate expectations, an increase in the use of positive comparisons and positive self-statements, a decrease in autonomic arousal, and promotion of self-efficacy. Two case studies provide examples of individual differences in treatment needs and the realities of clinical care.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Development and evaluation of an HIV-risk reduction program for female college students.

College students are engaging in high rates of behavior related to risk of infection from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A cognitive-behavioral skills training program for heterosexual college females focused on sexual assertiveness skills and the reduction of risk-related behaviors was designed and evaluated compared with an education-only program. Participants completed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and one-month follow-up assessments of: (a) HIV/STD-related knowledge and beliefs; (b) sexual, alcohol, and drug-related behaviors; and (c) sexual assertiveness role-plays. Skills training participants compared to education-only participants scored higher on sexual assertiveness skills, specific knowledge of HIV infection, and self-efficacy to perform lower risk sexual behaviors and reported a reduction in risk-related behaviors at post-intervention and follow-up assessments. The effectiveness of behavioral skills in HIV risk-reduction programs for college students is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexually transmitted disease prevention approaches that work. Interventions to reduce risk behavior among individuals, groups, and communities.

Behavior change remains the only available means to curtail new HIV infections. Although much remains to be learned about the effectiveness of different prevention strategies, there has already been evidence that both face-to-face interventions focused on individuals and community-level interventions focused on vulnerable communities can produce substantial reductions in high-risk sexual behavior. This article briefly describes the results of controlled outcome studies that have employed cognitive-behavioral and norm change elements to reduce HIV risk behaviors in face-to-face and community-level trials with both inner-city women and homosexual men.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1995

A school-based anger management program for developmentally and emotionally disabled high school students.

Using Novaco's cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of anger, several practitioners developed cognitive-behavioral approaches for effectively intervening with aggressive youth. However, little attention has been paid to using these approaches with young people whose cognitive, emotional, and behavioral limitations appear to preclude them from benefiting from these interventions. A group program at a special school has demonstrated that older adolescents and young adults with diagnoses such as pervasive developmental delay, mental retardation, and autism can benefit from such a model if it is modified to meet their special learning needs. Through the use of daily logs, group reinforcement, role playing, skill building and relaxation techniques, normalizing anger, and providing liaison to classrooms, multiply handicapped students were able to learn the physiology, triggers, and consequences of anger as well as to develop coping strategies for managing their anger, while reducing aggressive acting out. Most of these students will enter protective work and residential settings in the future, and possessing these skills will facilitate their successful placement and increase the likelihood that some will succeed in entering some aspect of the adult mainstream.

Adolescent↗