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217 six and ten years old children have been examined and state of health of oral hollow has been valued by using DMFT, the most commonly used index in odontological epidemiological researches. Here below follows the clinical-statistical analysis.
The influence of a restricted low molecular carbohydrate diet was tested in 101 children and juveniles with diabetes mellitus. Due to the influence of this diet deep carious lesions develop more slowly. Children in whom the diabetes manifested itself at an early age had a lower index of filling and a higher index of defect. The degree of dental care was altogether alarmingly low.
The prevalence of oral malodor and association of habitual mouth breathing with oral malodor were investigated in children residing in rural areas. One hundred and nineteen children participated in this study. A sulfide monitor and organoleptic method were used to evaluate oral malodor. About 8% of children had a sulfide level in mouth air above the socially acceptable limit (75 ppb). Habitual mouth breathing was a factor contributing to oral malodor. Oral malodor was not significantly correlated with plaque index, history of caries or frequency of toothbrushing.
The objective of this study is to describe the oral hygiene habits and the status of the teeth decay of 150 senegalese students living in a university campus. The results showed that the toothbrush as mean of oral hygiene supplanted the traditional means such as "cure dents" or water rinse with finger. Results showed also a high rate decay (60%) but the CAO index remained low (2.04%). We founded an improvement of dental decay status with an increasing daily number of tooth brushing: we noted a decreasing dental plaque deposition rate, a decreasing decay rate and a CAO index remaining low until adult age.
Preventive measures, continuously realized in children of dentists cause significantly lower values of Plaque index, Sulcus-bleeding-index, CPITN and caries in all groups of age in comparison to other groups.
An epidemiological study of a representative sample of 702 children, aged 6 to 15 years, was conducted in the Languedoc-Roussillon region composed of the departments of Aude, Gard, Hérault, Lozère and Pyrénées Orientales. The mean DMFT at 12 years of 4.21 was always higher in girls (5.13) than in boys (3.46) of the same age. The DMFT was lower in urban areas than in rural zones, but the difference was only statistically significant at 11 years of age. The pits and fissures were the most caries-affected sites (67%) followed by proximal (22%) and smooth surfaces (11%). The plaque index varied from 0.94 to 1.23 between 6 and 15 years. The calculus index increased with age from 0.20 at 6 years to 0.60 at 15 years. The gingival index passed from 0.28 to 0.51 between 6 and 15 years.
An epidemiological survey of dental caries prevalence has been conducted in North of France on a representative sample of 6 to 15 year old children. Six departments were studied: Nord, Pas de Calais, Somme, Aisne, Oise and Seine-Maritime. 2,772 children were randomly selected and examined. A dft index of 3,38 was found at 6 years which increased slightly until 8 years (3.71) and then decreased regularly to 0.57 at 12 years. The mean DMFT was 0.31 at 6 years, 4.10 at 12 years and 6.92 at 15 years. At the same ages, the respective values of DMFS were 0.56; 8.65 and 14.22. The plaque index increased up to 10 years (1.57), was stable from 10 to 13 years and decreased until 15 years. The calculus index increased up to 8 years. It was stable between 9 and 12 and increased again until 14 years. The gingival index varied in relation to age.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the care index and the mean dmft/DMFT in different populations of 5-, 12- and 14-year old children. DESIGN: Information from recent studies of 5-, 12- and 14-year old children, co-ordinated by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry (BASCD) was used. The correlation between the mean dmft/DMFT and the care index for each health district was calculated for each age group, along with the linear regression equation of the care index in terms of dmft/DMFT. RESULTS: All the correlation coefficients were negative indicating that the care index would be expected to increase as the disease levels decrease. For the 5-year-old children in 1995/96 three other factors for the same time period; dentist:population ratio, percent of children registered and standardised mortality ratio (SMR), were also included in the model. This did not change the negative relationship between dmft and the care index. CONCLUSIONS: The strong negative relationship between the care index and mean dmft/DMFT levels indicated that in a situation where disease levels are reducing over time, the care index would be expected to increase. Conversely in a situation where disease levels were increasing the care index would be expected to fall.
The aim of the study was to examine the oral health and treatment needs of chronically hospitalized psychiatric patients in Israel. Ten percent of the patients hospitalized for more than 2 years in the 18 psychiatric institutions in Israel were selected at random. The dental status (DMF-T index) was calculated, demographic and medical data were retrieved from the files. Of the 431 patients examined (250 men, 181 women, average age 54 years) 312 patients had only partial natural dentition. The average DMF-T score was 26.74 (out of 32), one of the highest in the literature. The caries component accounted for 2.3% of the DMF-T, the missing teeth component 72% and the restored teeth component 5%. There was an adverse correlation between age and caries and between duration of hospitalization and number of teeth. The average number of carious and missing teeth was higher than in the healthy population. No all-edentulous patients had dentures. These findings confirm the urgent need for an intervention program to improve dental health care in high-risk, difficult-to-treat, psychiatric chronic inpatients.
OBJECTIVES: To develop a reproducible surface-specific caries index that provided qualitative and quantitative information about untreated dental caries, that could be used in conjunction with the DMFS index and would provide information on not only the caries prevalence but also the location and type of caries lesion in an individual based on clinical examination. METHODS: Untreated carious lesions were divided into six types based on the location of the lesions. 339 rural school children in the age group of 12-15 years were examined for dental caries using both the DMFS index and the Specific Caries Index. RESULTS: Type 1 and 2 were found to be the most common type of caries lesions. The reproducibility of the Specific Caries Index was also found to be good. CONCLUSIONS: Encouraging indications about the validity and reproducibility of this new caries index was found, suggesting the need for further studies to test its applicability in larger and different populations.
The aim of the study was to establish a preventive program with the combined use of amine fluoride toothpaste and gel in groups of adolescents living in different locations in Hungary. Caries and oral hygiene examinations were performed at the beginning of the study and repeated after 1 and 2 years. The adolescents were divided into 3 groups: 1 control and 2 test groups. The control group continued its usual oral care habits. One of the test groups received Elmex toothpaste for unsupervised home use daily and Elmex gel for use once a week, and the other test group received Elmex toothpaste and only placebo gel. The combined use of amine fluoride-containing toothpaste and gel provided a significant reduction in DMFS mean values (38% including white spot lesions, 34% not including white spot lesions, p < 0.05) and in visible plaque index values (18%, p < 0.05) compared to the control group.
The aim of this study was to analyze a number of microbial, salivary, and dietary factors in patients with clinically active and inactive root caries. 147 patients, aged 30-78 years, referred for specialist treatment of periodontal disease, were randomly selected. 645 decayed and 539 filled root surfaces were found. Out of the carious lesions, 372 (58%) were recorded as clinically active and 273 (42%) as inactive. 30 patients showed no lesions (group 1), 46 had only fillings or inactive lesions (group 2), and 35 showed 1-2 (group 3) and 36 greater than or equal to 3 active lesions (group 4). The lactobacillus count differed significantly between all groups, except group 1 vs. 2, and the mutans streptococcus count between groups 1 vs. 4 and 2 vs. 3 and 4. Group 4 differed in plaque score from the other groups, and the salivary buffer effect differed between the inactive groups 1 and 2 and the active group 4. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was shown that lactobacillus count, plaque index, salivary buffer effect, dietary habit index, and number of exposed root surfaces contributed significantly to the coefficient of determination.
OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a classification and index of dental treatment experience for adults. DESIGN: Twenty-four general dental practitioners recorded treatment experience at baseline on 4,211 regularly attending adults of whom 3,878 were re-examined after one year and 3,698 patients completed a questionnaire on factors related to treatment. SETTING: Health authorities of Manchester and Salford. METHOD: Set theory was used to divide the baseline clinical data set into 7 mutually exclusive classes of dental treatment experience. Seven dental specialists used the nominal group technique to weight tooth status to form an index of dental treatment experience (DTE). The ability of the DTE classification and index to discriminate between groups of patients' responses to the questionnaire was compared with the THI and DMFT index. RESULTS: Ninety-nine per cent of the patients fell into 5 hierarchical classes ranging from fillings only to wearing a denture in addition to a crown and/or bridge. When calculated on the baseline data, the classification discriminated between 16 of the 20 variables investigated in the questionnaire. Fifteen significant differences were found between mean scores for groups of patients on the DTE index, 14 on the THI and 8 on the DMFT index. Fifty-five (1%) patients moved their class as a consequence of the treatment carried out during the year. All three indices found significant differences for the same four variables of the 20 tested. CONCLUSION: A classification of dental treatment experience together with an index to measure the severity of that experience has been successfully developed and tested. It appears to have advantages over the traditional DMFT index and is at least as discriminating as the THI.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the anthropometric measures and oral health status of children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and compare them to matched controls. The sample of 90 cases (children diagnosed with FAS) and 90 controls were matched for age, gender, and social class. The mean age of the cases was 8.9 years with the controls slightly older at 9.1 years. The results of the anthropometric measurements in respect of weight, height, and head circumference showed significantly lower values for the FAS children when compared to the controls. Several physical abnormalities described in children with FAS were seen in this study. Some of these abnormalities seen in the FAS children included deformities in the small joints of the hand, altered palmar creases, and malformation of the ears. The prevalence of enamel opacities between FAS and controls was not significantly different and averaged around 15% for both groups. More than three quarters of both the cases and the controls demonstrated the presence of plaque and almost two-thirds demonstrated gingival bleeding on probing. FAS patients had statistically significantly (p<0.001) more dentofacial anomalies than the controls. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) score for the FAS sample was slightly higher, though not significantly different from that of the controls, and the decayed component (d) made up the largest part of the index in both groups.
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The aim of the study was to assess the oral health of a group of children, and to compare the findings with the results from an investigation performed 4 years earlier in children of the same age and living in the same area. The material consisted of 149 randomly selected 8-year-old children. The study included examination of caries and the state of the gingival conditions, enamel hypoplasia and opacities, supragingival calculus and extrinsic stains. Determinations were also made of the rate of secretion, pH and buffer effect of stimulated saliva. Socio-economic data and anamnestic dental data were noted. The investigation showed a decrease in caries frequency in the primary teeth, but not in the permanent teeth, during the four-year-period. As in the former investigation, regression analyses showed a negative correlation between the level of education of the parents and caries indices, and that the variation of the gingival indices could be explained by socio-economic factors. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the caries index for primary teeth and the rate of secretion of the saliva and the presence of supragingival calculus.
This analysis of a caries index, proposed in 1966 to WHO as a simplified method of measurement, as tested on a 16- to 45-year-old population who were seeking dental care at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry revealed several weaknesses associated with the index. An analysis of the external validity of this index, a comparison with subjects' DMFS scores, revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.71. Although the index purports to measure the prevalence and severity of dental caries by dividing the dentition into five zones representing increasing severity of dental caries experience, an analysis of this index's internal validity, i.e. whether these five zones truly represent a rank-order scale of severity, revealed misclassification rates of from 21% for the total population up to 44% for a subgroup. When zones were recombined to reduce the misclassification rates, the descriptive capabilities of the index were greatly reduced as most subjects were then classified in only one or two of the zones.
A "screening" done by the "Servizio Materno Infantile" of Modena relative to children from 6 to 12 years old during 1988-89 is described. The research is referred to 1454 children 6 years old attending the second year of the secondary school. For the evaluation of the level of the dental health have been used the Oms Index. The results are very comforting: the 54% of the 6 years old children have sound teeth, but from the dmft Index with a value of 1.6 comes out the trend not to cure the caries of the deciduous teeth. Very few are the cases of 6 years old children with caries of the permanent teeth. At 12 years the percentage of children with sound teeth is lower (34%), however analyzing the DMFT Index (1.9) appears a very high degree of attention towards the dental care.