SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Dander”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Indoor climate and allergy. The prevalence of allergens in Norwegian primary schools].

We have investigated the prevalence of allergens from cat, dog, house dust mite, pollen, mould and food in dust samples from schools and homes in Norway. Occurrence of cat and dog allergens in schools was surprisingly high, especially in classrooms with carpeted floors. Cat and dog-derived allergens are brought into schools through the pupils' outside contact with pets. Children who are in contact with pets at home or in their surroundings carry animal hair and dander into the classrooms on their clothes, shoes and bags. The schools seemed to be a protective environment against mite infestation, as verified by very low content of mites in both carpeted and smooth floors. Furthermore, while cat and dog allergens were more prevalent in schools than in homes without pets, mite and food allergens were more dominant in homes. Frequent cleaning is important in schools, to prevent accumulation of animal hair and dander in the classrooms. We emphasize the obvious advantages of linoleum floors over carpets in decreasing the pupils' level of exposure to indoor allergens and dust.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗

PubMed1994

[Biological pollution of indoor air].

Biological pollution of indoor air can consist of viruses, bacteria, fungi, fungal spores, mites, dander and metabolic products from the microorganisms. The occurrence of such pollution can occasionally cause building-related adverse health effects. Allergens produced by house dust mites and in the dander of furred domestic animals are generally regarded to be among the most important causes of disease episodes in atopic individuals. Bacteria and fungi as such cause building-related disease more rarely. An exception is respiratory infections caused by Legionella bacteria. Other possible health effects of biological indoor air pollution have been suggested, but the data are inconclusive.

Air Microbiology↗

PubMed1994

[Prevention of exposure in respiratory allergies].

Sensitization to indoor allergens like house-dust mite and animal dander as well as outdoor allergens like grass and tree pollen play an important role in the development to atopic airway disease, i.e. atopic rhinitis and conjunctivitis and allergic asthma. Studies on emergency room patients in the US showed that the sensitization to cat dander and house-dust mite Dermatophagoides represented risk factors for acute attacks of asthma. However, irrespective of the inheritance of atopy, disease of specific organs and expression of symptoms remain highly variable and are likely to depend on a multiplicity of environmental factors, the most important of which is likely to be the level of exposure to the sensitizing allergen. There is increasing evidence that exposure to potential allergens early in life is important. Concentrations and timing of the exposure seem fundamental. The elimination of allergens in households of atopic individuals is crucial in a prophylaxis and therapy. There have been several publications on mite allergen elimination procedures; a lot of them are uncontrolled, and allergen reduction is not significant. This article tries to compare trials reporting of improvement of clinical symptoms and significant reduction of indoor allergens with those trials which did not achieve significant results.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of patent and latent atopy among a general normal adult population in the south east of France by RAST investigation and correlation with circulating total IgE levels.

A population of 512 adults (men: 266, 52%, women: 246, 48%) with mean age 41.4 years (S.D. 10.7) was investigated. This population was subdivided into five groups: Marseilles city, Manosque a small town in a prealpine area, the area surrounding the Etang de Berre, a rural area in Northern Bouches du Rhône and Chateaurenard, a small town in an intensive agricultural area. RASTs to a panel of eight allergens (Lolium perenne, Parietaria officinalis, Cupressus sempervirens, Olea europea, Cat dander, Alternaria tenuis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Castor bean seed) were done. 99 subjects were found to have a RAST positive to one or several allergens. The main positives found by RAST were a grass pollen (Lolium perenne) and the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus with respectively 10.1% and 11.3% of the results followed by the pollens of Olea Europea 4.4%, Parietaria officinalis 3.1% and Cupressus sempervirens 1.9%, Castor bean seed 1.7% Cat dander 0.9% and Alternaria tenuis 0.9%. Allergy to cstor bean (Ricinus communis) seed was found mostly in the Chateaurenard area where castor castor bean pomace is used in the fields as a fertilizer. There is an almost equal number of RAST positivities to mites (13.3%) than to pollens (11.1%). The prevalence of RAST positive was higher in men (24.1%) than in women (14.2%), p < 0.01). This prevalence is lower when age is increasing. Thirty four subjects (6.6%) had clinical symptoms: This group has a higher prevalence of positive RAST in cases of allergic rhinitis (p < 0.01) and of asthma (p > 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Relationship between dust mite allergen and human IgA in house dust samples.

Previous investigators have mentioned that human IgA is found in house dust. IgA has also been reported to be present on human skin and hence in human dander. If human dander is the primary source of food for house dust mites, a relationship would be expected between IgA and dust mite allergen (Der f I) concentrations. We wished to learn whether IgA was consistently detectable in house dust and whether IgA and dust mite allergen concentrations were related. Dust samples were collected from the bedrooms of infants enrolled in a prospective study designed to evaluate the relationship between early allergen exposure and childhood allergic disease. One hundred eighty samples were studied: 50 samples were the initial samples collected from the first 50 infants enrolled, 120 samples were monthly samples obtained from 10 other homes, and 10 additional samples were randomly selected for extraction in a nonprotein containing buffer to determine the percentage of total extractable dust protein contributed by IgA. Finally, nine commercial house dust extracts were studied to learn whether they were similar to the dust samples from study houses. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure human IgA, human secretory IgA (sIgA) and Der f I concentrations in all of the dust extracts. We found that IgA was consistently present in house dust samples ranging from 3.2 to 2,396 micrograms of IgA per gram of dust. A strong correlation (r = .90) was found between IgA and sIgA concentrations. IgA constituted 0.27% to 6.04% of the total protein in dust samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollution↗

PubMed1993

[A study of characteristics in adult asthmatics who are sensitized by cats and dogs allergens].

We studied adult asthmatics who were sensitized (RAST sore > or = 1) by cats and dogs allergens. Compared with non-sensitized asthmatics, the following some characteristics were noted in the sensitized asthmatics: 1) The histogram of the onset age of asthma showed two peaks. 2) The asthmatics sensitized by cats epithelium were more frequent and had higher RAST scores than those sensitized by dog hair dander. 3) There was a significant correlation between the RAST scores to dogs dander and dog hair. 4) There was no correlation between the RAST score to cat epithelium and dog hair. 5) The positive rations of intradermal testing to other allergens were higher in the sensitized asthmatics than in the non-sensitized asthmatics, especially to some foods allergens. 6) The asthmatics sensitized by cat and dog allergens were much more sensitized by house-dust mites than were the non-sensitized asthmatics. The asthmatics sensitized by cat and dog demonstrated being allergic to not only cat and dog allergens but also to many other allergens. We thought that the sensitized asthmatics were more atopic than the non-sensitized asthmatics and this was the reason why they were sensitized by cat and dog. The RAST scores to cat allergens were higher than the RAST scores to dog allergens. This fact showed that the cat was more important than the dog. This result agreed with our clinical experience.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Determination of the stability of diluted allergen extracts using a concentration step prior to EAST inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Generally the stability of diluted allergen extracts, as used for skin testing, provocation testing and immunotherapy can not be measured using a normal enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST) inhibition method. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the stability of diluted allergen extracts using an ultrafiltration step prior to the standard EAST inhibition procedure, in which the allergen extract was concentrated 100-fold. METHODS: This concentration procedure was validated for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, timothy pollen, birch pollen and cat dander extracts and used in a stability study in which three batches were stored for 1 year at 6 degrees C and 25 degrees C. RESULTS: There was no difference in relative potency before and after concentration of birch and timothy pollen extracts. D. pteronyssinus and cat dander extracts showed a significant decrease of 25% and 35% of the relative potency after concentration. The mean coefficient of variation of 12 determinations of the stability study was 11.8%. CONCLUSION: For all allergens the 30 BU/mL or approximately 0.00025 mg/mL solution was stable for 12 months at both temperatures, except for D. pteronyssinus which declined rapidly at 25 degrees C.

Allergens↗

PubMed1996

The disturbance of epidermal barrier function in atopy patch test reactions in atopic eczema.

Atopic eczema (AE) is a common skin disorder. Eczematous lesions showing macroscopic, microscopic and immunopathological resemblance to lesional AE can be induced by aeroallergens by epicutaneous testing (atopy patch test, APT). Altered epidermal barrier function, as determined by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), is a typical feature of patients with AE. The present investigation was performed to define the differences in the epidermal barrier function between positive APT reactions to aeroallergens and positive patch test reactions to contact allergens in AE patients. Allergen extracts from grass pollen, birch pollen, cat dander and house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were applied in large Finn chambers on Scanpor for 48 h on the clinically unaffected and untreated skin of the back, in 11 patients with AE. The same procedure was done with 27 contact allergens of a standard test battery. Test reactions were read and TEWL was measured after 48 and 72 h. Eight of the 11 patients developed positive APT reactions to D. pteronyssinus, two to cat dander and one to birch pollen. Seven of the 11 patients showed positive patch test reactions to nickel sulphate, two to potassium dichromate, one to thiuram-mix and one to paraphenylenediamine. Vehicle controls were negative. The TEWL of the positive APT reactions was significantly higher, both after 48 h (mean +/- standard deviation 10.0 +/- 6.5 g/m2h) and after 72 h (9.7 +/- 5.4 g/m2h) as compared with the control site (48/72h: 4.4 +/- 1.5/4.1 +/- 1.4 g/m2h) (P < 0.01). In contrast, TEWL of the positive patch test reactions to contact allergens (48/72 h: 5.4 +/- 2.2/5.4 +/- 1.9 g/m2h) was similar to that of the control site (48/72 h: 5.2 +/- 2.1/5.0 +/- 1.8 g/m2h) (not significant). The relative TEWL at 48 h and 72 h, expressed as the ratio between the positive patch test and the control site, was significantly higher in the positive APT reactions (48/72 h: 218.8 +/- 80.4%/232.0 +/- 85.9%) compared with positive patch test reactions to contact allergens (48/72 h: 102.1 +/- 12.0%/107.1 +/- 9.5%) (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the epidermal barrier function in AE patients is altered only in positive APT reactions, in contrast to positive patch test reactions to contact allergens. As a consequence of this aeroallergen-induced altered epidermal barrier function, further allergens can more easily penetrate the skin, inducing a vicious circle and perpetuating the eczematous lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Evaluation of the prevalence sensitization to common inhaled allergens in children of school age using skin tests].

The prevalence of sensitization to common inhalant allergens was assessed among schoolchildren using skin prick tests with standard allergen extracts. The results were analysed in relation to asthma and allergy suggestive symptoms. A positive reaction to at least one allergen was observed in 13.5% children. The most frequent was allergy to timothy, then to house dust mite, birch, mugwort, cat dander and dog dander. Children with wheezing, breathlessness and/or rhinitis had significantly more frequent positive test results compared to children without any complaints.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1998

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: first results of ETAC. Early Treatment of the Atopic Child.

UNLABELLED: There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. RESULTS: In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (> or = 30 kU/l) or specific IgE (> or = 0.35 kUA/l) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. DISCUSSION: Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.

Allergens↗

PubMed1998

[European study of asthma. Prevalence of atopy in young adults of 5 areas in Spain. Spanish Group of European Asthma Study].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study is to show the prevalence of atopy in five Spanish areas, and its variability according to area, age and gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From a populational based sample of 16,884 individuals aged 20 to 44 years-old, we obtained a randomized 20% subsample (n = 3,310). Participants performed specific IgE measurements, skin prick tests, forced spirometries and metacholine challenges to measure bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The response rate was 40%, and 1,313 individuals were finally included in the study. Specific atopy to the following aeroallargens was determined: cat dander, Cladosporium, Dermatophagoides, Phleum, Parietaria, birch, Alternaria, ambrosia, olive, rye grass and dog dander. RESULTS: The global prevalence of atopy (detectable specific antibodies IgE in serum and/or skin reactivity) widely varied by area, skin reactivity ranking in males from a minimum in Albacete (24.6%; 95% CI: 18-33) to a maximum in Huelva (39.6%; 95% CI: 30-53), and in females ranking from a minimun in Galdakao (10.3%; 95% CI: 6-17) to a maximum in Barcelona (28.8%; 95% CI: 19-43). Considering separately seropositivity and skin reactivity we observed a similar trend. Males showed a higher prevalence of global atopy (40.1%) than females (29.4%). Our data indicate that there is a decrease in the prevalence of atopy according to age in the general population, but only significant in men. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is the most common allergen in all ares but Albacete, where the most common allergen is the olive pollen. CONCLUSIONS: By means of a standard methodology, we report population data of the prevalence of atopy in five Spanish areas. The distribution of the prevalence of atopy varies widely in the five areas surveyed, according to the composition of the most common environmental allergens.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

T-cell subset assay. A useful differentiating marker of atopic and seborrheic eczema in infancy?

To confirm T-cell changes previously reported in atopic eczema, to compare T-cell subset values in atopic and seborrheic infants, and to determine whether T-cell subset assay would be a useful differentiating marker between atopic and seborrheic infants, three age- and sex-matched groups of normal, seborrheic, and atopic infants were recruited. T-cell subset values, total serum IgE, and serum IgE to specific allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus, cat epithelium, dog dander, rye grass, egg white, and milk) were measured. The results showed that total and allergen-specific IgE levels were higher in atopic disease in infancy, but no statistical differences in T-cell subset values between seborrheic and atopic infants were found. T-cell subset values are therefore not a reliable differentiating marker between atopic and seborrheic eczema in infancy.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗

PubMed1999

Hedgehog hives.

BACKGROUND: Hedgehogs are increasingly popular pets in the United States and Europe. A number of infections may be acquired from these animals, and hedgehogs are possible hosts of parasites. However, to our knowledge there arc no previous reports of urticarial reactions to hedgehogs. OBSERVATIONS: We describe 3 patients who developed an acute, transient, urticarial reaction after contact with the extended spines of pet hedgehogs. One patient also developed a more prolonged reaction at the site of contact. Interestingly, all 3 patients had documented allergies to cats and/or dogs. The results of prick testing in 1 patient to an extract of hedgehog dander produced an immediate wheal-and-flare reaction. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of dermatologic disorders may be seen in handlers of hedgehogs. Due to the increasing popularity of these animals as pets, it is likely that these reactions will be noted more frequently by dermatologists. The presence of allergies to other pets may be predictive of hedgehog hives and further investigation of the cross reaction of various animal antigens may clarify this relationship.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effects of Vasocon-A in the allergen challenge model of acute allergic conjunctivitis.

The ophthalmic combination product of 0.05% naphazoline hydrochloride and 0.5% antazoline phosphate (Vasocon-A) was evaluated as an antiallergic agent in 100 subjects with a known allergic history to cat dander, ragweed, or bluegrass pollen. Three independent study sites were used. The allergen challenge model of acute allergic conjunctivitis was selected to assess the agent as it provided a standardized and precise way to measure drug effectiveness for this indication. In a double-masked randomized fashion, the subjects were assigned to one of three groups that received one drop of Vasocon-A in one eye and one drop of either 0.05% naphazoline (group 1), 0.5% antazoline (group 2), or placebo (group 3) in the contralateral eye. After 10 minutes, the dose of allergen shown to elicit a 2+ redness and itching reaction was instilled bilaterally. Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis were evaluated after 3, 5, and 10 minutes. Subjects were then rechallenged 2 hours after drug administration to assess the duration of action of the agents. Vasocon-A was found to significantly inhibit all five major signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis: itching, redness, chemosis, lid swelling, and tearing, for more than 85% of the comparisons when compared over time with placebo, naphazoline alone, or antazoline alone. The results of this study indicate that the combination of naphazoline and antazoline was more effective in inhibiting redness than naphazoline and more effective in inhibiting itching than antazoline. These findings support the use of such a combination for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Allergens↗

PubMed2005

Short-term impact of a randomized multifaceted intervention for wheezing infants in low-income families.

OBJECTIVE: To present an interim analysis of the effect of a home-based intervention with low-income caregivers of wheezing infants at risk for childhood asthma on mediating variables. METHOD: Infants aged 9 to 24 months with 3 or more physician-documented wheezing episodes were randomly assigned to environmental support intervention (ES) (n = 90) or control (n = 91) groups. Nurse home visitors intervened for 1 year to decrease allergen and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and improve symptom perception and management. Assessments at baseline and 12 months included allergens in house dust, infant urinary cotinine levels, caregivers' symptom reports, quality of life, illness management, and quality of caregiving. Medical records were coded for hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and corticosteroid bursts. RESULTS: Within the ES group, cockroach allergen levels were significantly reduced and there was a trend toward reduction in dog dander levels. Among infants with detectable urinary cotinine, levels were significantly reduced in the ES group. Caregiver psychological resources modified the impact, and low-resource ES caregivers were the most strongly affected. Asthma knowledge and provider collaboration improved significantly in the ES group. Neither reports of infant symptoms nor emergency department visits or hospitalizations showed positive intervention effects. Number of corticosteroid bursts for infants was significantly higher for the ES group. CONCLUSIONS: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study intervention was effective in reducing several environmental exposures and improving illness management. However, even with an intensive home-based intervention, we failed to reduce respiratory symptoms or medical use in the ES group relative to the control group, illustrating the difficulty of changing the course of early asthma development among low-income infants.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed2006

Systematic review of the relationship between early introduction of solid foods to infants and the development of allergic disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence that early solid feeding (before age 4 months) increases the risk of allergic disease. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and the Drugs and Pharmacology section of EMBASE with key words "infant," "food," and "allergy." STUDY SELECTION: We found 2719 article citations and reviewed references of relevant articles. We critically evaluated the methods and results of articles that met inclusion criteria. We identified 13 studies that met inclusion criteria. There was only 1 controlled trial. DATA EXTRACTION: Allergic disease. DATA SYNTHESIS: Five studies found a positive association between early solid feeding and eczema, with a persistence of the association for 10 years in 1 study. Four studies found no association. One study found an association between early solid feeding and pollen allergy. We found no strong evidence to support the association between early solid feeding and the development of persistent asthma, persistent food allergy, allergic rhinitis, or animal dander allergy. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic review of available evidence suggests that early solid feeding may increase the risk of eczema. However, there are little data supporting an association between early solid feeding and other allergic conditions. Since many studies had problematic methods, additional controlled trials are needed to help guide physicians as they advise parents about the allergic risks of early introduction of solids.

Eczema↗

PubMed1992

Abnormal humoral immune response to mucosal antigenic stimulation in patients with lung cancer.

Previous studies have suggested an inverse relationship between atopy and cancer of mucosal surfaces. Atopy is classically assessed by detecting specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against inhalant allergens. However, Platts-Mills recently proposed that atopy is the ability of an organism to recognize and to respond to limited doses of allergens presented at the mucosal level by producing not only IgE, but also immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. The authors compared the prevalence of atopy in 103 patients with lung cancer (a model of mucosal cancer), 51 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease matched for age, sex, and smoking habits with patients with lung cancer, and 102 healthy control subjects. The authors investigated whether the IgG response to antigens presented at the mucosal level, exacerbated in atopic subjects, might inversely be decreased in patients with lung cancer. Serum IgE antibodies against five common inhalant allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [Der p1], Aspergillus fumigatus, grass pollen, and cat and dog danders) were detected through a radioallergosorbent test assay. Serum IgG antibodies against allergens naturally presented at the mucosal level (respiratory mucosa with Der p1 and digestive mucosa with betalactoglobulin [BLG] and soya proteins [SP]) were measured through a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Atopic status was assessed in 19 patients (18.4%) with lung cancer, 9 patients (17.6%) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 18 healthy control subjects (17.6%). Distributions of specific IgG levels were represented on frequency histograms after natural logarithmic transformation and showed reduced levels of anti-Der p1 and anti-BLG IgG in the cancer population compared with the control populations but similar levels of anti-SP IgG. Influence of sex, age, smoking habits, histologic type of cancer, and its extent could be excluded. The authors' results show no difference in the prevalence of atopy between the three groups. They document a selective, rather than general, defect in the immune response initiated at the mucosal level in patients with lung cancer, the most frequent mucosal cancer in man.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2003

Pet allergen control measures for allergic asthma in children and adults.

BACKGROUND: Although pet removal has been recommended in guidelines on the management of allergic asthma, pet ownership remains high in families where one or more members have an allergy to pet dander. Allergen control measures such as air filtration units placed in the homes of pet-allergic asthmatics have been used as a means of reducing allergen exposure. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical efficacy of pet allergen control measures in the homes of people with pet-allergic asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY: An electronic search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register was carried out. No restriction was placed on language of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing an active allergen reduction measure with control were considered for analysis. Participants had stable pet-allergic asthma. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: 34 references were identified by electronic searching, but only three appeared suitable for potential inclusion in the review. Two met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Both examined the effectiveness of air filtration units. Two reviewers extracted data independently. A limited amount of data were usable for a meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS: Both trials were small (n=22 and n=35). No significant differences were detected between active intervention and control on the primary and secondary outcome measures reported in the studies. Data on absence from school or work were not reported in either study. No meta-analysis could be performed due to lack of common outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The available trials are too small to provide evidence for or against the use of airfiltration units to reduce allergen levels in the management of pet-allergic asthma. Adequately powered trials are needed. There are no trials of other allergen reduction measures, such as pet washing or possibly pet removal.

Adult↗