PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Decalcification, Pathologic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Bone tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (2). Pathophysiologic data, pathologic findings, and therapeutic implications.

The occurrence of bone decalcification during rheumatoid arthritis is well documented, despite discrepancies among published data. The most recent studies support a decrease in bone mass, especially at the proximal femur, although estimations of the extent of bone loss ascribable to rheumatoid arthritis vary. The fracture risk is increased by approximately 100% in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Bone mass is negatively correlated with functional impairment, joint motion restriction and disease activity as assessed by laboratory tests for inflammation. Increased physical activity can reduce bone loss. Markers for bone formation (osteocalcin, procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide) are normal or decreased, whereas markers for bone resorption (hydroxyproline, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline) are elevated. This decoupling of bone formation and resorption may be responsible for bone loss. Although estrogen therapy can keep in check menopause-related bone loss, earlier findings suggesting that estrogens may have beneficial effects on the joint disease itself have been disproven. The value of preventive bisphosphonate therapy is currently under debate.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1997

Plastination of the larynx for whole-organ sectioning.

Whole-organ sectioning is an important technique for the assessment of laryngeal pathology. Since currently established methods require prior decalcification which causes morphological changes, the critical border area between cartilage and surrounding soft tissue cannot be investigated in the same specimen and morphometric studies are not possible. Plastination is a laboratory technique that has previously demonstrated its capacity to overcome these shortcomings. In so doing water and lipids are replaced by curable polymer within the laryngeal cells making decalcification unnecessary. In the present study, more than 50 human larynges were processed using block plastination (BP) and sheet plastination (SP). For BP the complete organ was plastinated as a whole and then cut into thin serial sections. For SP the fresh organ was sliced first and plastinated in a second step. Findings demonstrated that SP allowed for the production of whole-organ sections within a period of 1 week only. Section thicknesses were as thin as 15 mm using a diamond wire saw and an ultramilling device. Sectioning was possible in both coronary and horizontal planes. Following BP, specimens were cut in an industrial cutting machine to thicknesses of about 0.6 mm. Shrinkage of tissue was less than 10% for both methods. In all, SP was technically superior to routine paraffin histology, although cutting equipment is very expensive and delicate in handling. At present the technique of BP is the method of choice for macromorphometrical investigations on serial sections of the human larynx.

Acetone↗
PubMed1988

Sialolithiasis of a Blandin's gland duct.

A case of sialolithiasis in a Blandin's gland duct is reported. Although minor salivary glands calculi are not uncommon, Blandin's glands are rare sites of occurrence. In this case, a calculus without decalcification is reported. Not only clinico-pathological features but also electron probe micro analyzer plus energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies are presented. These studies reveal that phosphorus is contained in only the basophilic part of the calculus and sulphur in both the basophilic and the eosinophilic parts.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of decalcification on the immunohistochemical expression of ABH blood group isoantigens.

Immunohistochemical stains for ABH blood group antigens were recently shown to be useful ancillary tools for sorting out specimen mix-ups in surgical pathology, irrespective of the fixatives used. However, the effects of decalcification on the expression of these antigens are not known. Therefore, to examine the validity of using ABH blood group immunohistochemistry in decalcified tissues, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of ABH blood group antigens in B5-fixed, decalcified, paraffin-embedded archival bone marrow specimens from 43 consecutive patients (13 blood group A, 6 group B, 20 group O, and 4 group AB). Immunohistochemical staining for A, B, and H blood group antigens was performed with monoclonal antibodies and an avidin-biotin detection method with citrate antigen retrieval. The results of immunohistochemistry were correlated with patients' blood groups as determined by serology. Immunohistochemical expression of the A and B blood group antigens with good staining intensity was detected in erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The immunoreactivity for H blood group antigen was attenuated by the decalcification process and could not be enhanced with citrate antigen retrieval. However, in all 43 cases, the A and B antigen staining pattern was concordant with patients' blood groups as determined with serology. These results show that decalcification does not have adverse effects on immunohistochemical expression of the A and B blood group antigens in tissue sections but may nullify the expression of H isoantigen. However, based on A and B immunoreactivity patterns, immunostaining for ABH blood group antigens can be helpful in resolving problems of specimen mix-ups and tissue floaters in decalcified specimens.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2006

[Chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible: a case report with 14 years follow-up].

INTRODUCTION: Osteosarcoma, the second most frequent primary malignant bone tumor, is usually found in long bones: femur, tibia or humerus with only 6 to 7% of cases occurring in the jaws. Patients with osteosarcoma of the mandible usually complain of a swelling, which can be painful or not, accompanied by paresthesia of one of the trigeminal nerve branches in about 20% of cases. OBSERVATION: We report a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible affecting a 33-year-old woman with 14 years follow-up illustrating the difficulties of a rapid diagnosis. DISCUSSION: The prognosis of osteosarcoma of the mandible relies on its histological grade and the amount of time elapsing from diagnosis to treatment onset. The treatment of choice is radical surgery providing a 5-year survival rate up to 80%. The definitive surgical treatment is usually performed only after several interventions because operative-room pathology cannot be obtained due to the necessity of decalcification. In order to avoid multiple resections, an interim bridging with a reconstructive plate with a condylar head can be proposed before definitive graft reconstruction. The prognosis of osteosarcoma of the mandible is better than that of long bones. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which are very efficient for osteosarcoma in general, do not change the prognosis of osteosarcoma of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Fresh, frozen, or decalcified bone grafts: a study of early vascularisation and mineralisation of allogeneic and syngeneic bone grafts in rats.

The incorporation of syngeneic and allogeneic bone grafts pretreated by freezing or demineralisation was studied in 10 rats. Fresh, decalcified, or frozen cancellous bone of syngeneic or allogeneic origin was transplanted to intramuscular pouches. Revascularisation was evaluated with radioactive microspheres; formation of new bone was assessed by incorporation of strontium, and resorption was assessed by measuring the reduction of graft weight. Three weeks after grafting, fresh syngeneic and allogeneic bone differed significantly in all three variables. Frozen syngeneic bone was revascularised significantly better than frozen allogeneic bone, but there was no difference in formation of new bone or resorption. There were no significant differences between syngeneic and allogeneic decalcified bone in any of the variables studied. We conclude that differences in incorporation between syngeneic and allogeneic bone grafts are reduced by pretreatment with deep-freezing or demineralisation. Both forms of pretreatment affect the incorporation of the grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Histological changes in the aortic valve after balloon dilatation: evidence for a delayed healing process.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether balloon dilatation of the aortic valve induces long-term macroscopic or histological changes or both to explain the restenosis process. DESIGN: Prospective study of 39 consecutive patients. Sixteen later (mean (SD) 12 (10) months) required operation. This non-randomised subgroup was compared with 10 patients who had aortic valve replacement without prior dilatation. SETTING: University cardiology and cardiac surgery centre and pathology department. PATIENTS: 16 patients who had aortic valve replacement because of failure of or restenosis after balloon dilatation of the aortic valve. Twelve resected valves were examined. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous balloon dilatation of the aortic valve (maximal balloon size: trefoil 3 x 12 mm balloon or bifoil 2 x 19 mm balloon) and surgical inspection before excision of the aortic valve leaflets during open-chest aortic valve replacement. Fixation, decalcification, and staining for histology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of long-term pathological changes in the resected valve and their relation to restenosis after balloon dilatation. RESULTS: Macroscopically the previously dilated valves were indistinguishable from valves from the patients who had valve replacement only. Microscopically, the dilated aortic valves showed areas of young scar tissue that were not seen in a control group of surgically excised stenotic aortic valves. This persistent scarring reaction was seen around small tears or lacerations of the collagenous valve stroma, fractures in calcified areas, and splits in commissures. Young scar tissue without collagenisation was still present 24 months after dilatation. CONCLUSION: Organisation and collagenisation of scar tissue develops slowly after balloon dilatation of the aortic valve. This prolonged scarring reaction may explain the late development of restenosis in some patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pathological and X-ray study on bony specimens of rickets from 124 fetal and infantile autopsies].

The results of pathological and X-ray study on rickets of bony specimens from fetal and infantile autopsies are reported. Three important links were stressed in designing the study. The cases were divided into two groups: "congenital" and "postnatal". Each case has pathological slides and X-ray photographs of the rib, ulna and radius. GMA sections were used in this study to avoid decalcification and constriction of the bony specimens. The results showed that: Congenital rickets is existent in Beijing. Its incidence is 25.4%. The bony change was seen as early as 30 weeks of pregnancy. The pathological and X-ray features are not different between the "congenital" and "postnatal" groups; The incidence of fetal and infantile rickets is 35.5%. It is the highest in the rib, moderate in the ulna and lowest in the radius. The correlation of X-ray and pathological rickets was found to be 82.5% (rib), 77.3% (ulna) and 50% (radius). It can be seen that X-ray examination of the rib may raise the diagnostic rate to 12 times of that based on traditional wrist examination.

Fetus↗
PubMed2006

Cytologic and architectural mimics of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagnostic challenges in fine-needle aspiration and surgical pathology specimens.

In this paper, we review those pathologic entities that may mimic papillary thyroid carcinoma. These include specimen preparation and handling issues such as decalcification, frozen section, and artifacts occurring following fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Also discussed are true disease entities, including chronic lymphocytic thyroidits, benign papillary hyperplastic lesions, hyalinizing trabecular neoplasm, and post-FNA changes. Both the cytologic and histopathologic preparations containing these changes are reviewed and illustrated; guidelines for distinctions among these entities are provided.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed1990

The innervation of human teeth and gingival epithelium as revealed by means of an antiserum for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5).

The innervation of human teeth and oral mucosa has been studied in the past by different methods, none of which offered a clear description of the precise morphology of nerve fibers and terminals and of nerve organization as a whole. Recently, interesting findings have been obtained by means of immunohistochemical investigations for neurofilaments and S-100 proteins. A new brain-specific molecule, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), has been used for the first time in the present research to investigate the distribution of nerves in human oral mucosa and decalcified teeth, about which there is a paucity of information. The data provided in this study, confirming previous work in other species, may be of value for understanding the anatomy of human oral innervation. In the oral mucosa, the antiserum labels nerve fibers, corpuscles, and neuroendocrine (Merkel) cells. In sections of decalcified teeth, numerous PGP 9.5 positive fibers are demonstrated in the pulp and in the inner 100 microns of dentin. The novel nerve tissue protein used, PGP 9.5, thus appears to be a reliable marker for studies of nerve fibers in human tissues and not to be affected by decalcification procedures. It could then be used for investigations on the innervation of normal and pathological calcified human tissues.

Dentin↗
PubMed1988

Multicenter validation study of real-time ultrasonography, arteriography, and pathology: pathologic evaluation of carotid endarterectomy specimens.

The morphologic description and measurements of endarterectomy specimens are usually believed to be accurate and are used as the gold standard against which the findings of diagnostic procedures are judged. Pathology data on 289 endarterectomy specimens from five participating centers and the corresponding angiography and B-mode ultrasonography data provided a basis for scrutinizing the validity of using the morphologic measurements as a standard. Discrepancies of greater than 1 mm between pathology and angiography measurements of minimum residual lumen occurred in 35% of the cases and between pathology and B-mode ultrasonography measurements in 64% of the cases. Discrepancies of greater than 1 mm between pathology- and angiography-measured lesion width occurred in 81% of the cases and between pathology and B-mode ultrasonography measurements in 64% of the cases. The cases representing mismatches of greater than 1 mm at one participating center were subjected to a rigorous review, with remeasurement of all morphologic features, in an attempt to explain the discrepancies. Various types of artifactual distortion of the specimens, the presence of slit-like and occluded lumens that were likely related to loss of perfusion pressure, and an inability to match planes of interrogation used in angiography and B-mode ultrasonography with pathology planes contributed significantly to the existence of mismatches. On the other hand, fixation and decalcification produced minimal and insignificant distortional changes. We conclude that the acquisition of quantitative data from endarterectomy specimens and the acceptance of morphologic data as a standard are limited by a number of problems that can be defined but have been difficult to resolve.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1988

Otopathology of Egyptian mummy Pum II: final report.

Otoscopic examination of the ears of Egyptian mummy PUM II with the operating microscope revealed a small oval perforation of the right tympanic membrane in the posteroinferior quadrant. The smooth and concise margins suggested an etiology of middle ear infection. A method which allows decalcification of ancient specimens without disintegration of the eardrum and other soft tissues within the temporal bone was described. There was evidence of histological repair at the margins of the perforation consistent with sequela of otitis media. No other abnormalities were observed in the temporal bones of this individual. There was no evidence of otosclerosis bilaterally. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a pathological tympanic membrane perforation has been histologically documented in an ancient temporal bone.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1987

Is it necessary to embed bone marrow biopsies in plastic for haematological diagnosis?

With the increase in the use of bone marrow trephines for diagnosis have come numerous reports that traditional methods of preparation (by decalcification and embedding in paraffin wax) should be replaced by plastic embedding to avoid decalcification. It has been argued that only by this means can the high quality preparations needed for accurate haematopathological diagnosis be achieved. The present study challenges this viewpoint and argues that with a little extra care and attention conventional paraffin embedding techniques can give equally high quality preparations. Sections prepared in this way meet the diagnostic needs of the haematologist, without requiring a separate technique to be established in the pathology laboratory solely for bone marrow trephines.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

[Radiologic and histologic observations in central talus fractures].

In a prospective study of central fractures of the talus, radiological data (plain radiography, CT, MRI) were scrutinized in terms of correlation with histological findings (biopsy taken at time of screw removal). The study looked at nine fractures in eight patients aged 14-48 years. There was one fracture of Hawkins type I, one fracture of type II, four fractures of type III, and three corpus fractures. All were operated on within 24 h after injury; seven had screw fixation, two had adaptation with K wires. The patients were kept non-weight-bearing for 14-53 weeks. Duration of follow-up was 2 years or more in all but one patient. In the final radiograph the talus was intact in four patients, while four showed a partial avascular collapse; in one patient, a partial collapse was doubtful. Histology taken 16-52 weeks after injury showed osteocyte-free original bone in all cases, with deposition of new bone varying in extent. Hawkins sign was partially positive in six patients, positive in one, and negative in one. Decalcification as well as fracture healing can be better followed by CT than by plain radiography. MRI appeared normal in five patients, partially pathological in two, and abnormal in one. A positive Hawkins sign and normal signal behavior can be seen as prognostically favorable signs. However, in the case of a central talus fracture, even with a favorable course osteonecrosis of at least a part of the talus with gradual replacement by new bone occurred. Vascularization of the central talus seems to be disturbed more frequently than is reflected radiologically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone.

An original technique for histological study of the human temporal bone is presented. It allows faster and better results than previous methods. It becomes obvious that the systematic study of the temporal bone may give important data in the field of pathology, foeto-pathology and forensic medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for validation of non-destructive histotomography of healthy bone tissue].

OBJECTIVES: Fixation (formalin), decalcification (sections) or mechanical treatment (grinding) all bear the risk of artifacts occurring during hard-tissue histology. Because studies on the etiology of pathological changes mostly focus on subclinical lesions, artifacts can simulate early changes or even be superimposed on existing changes. The objective of this study was to determine how artifacts can be reduced. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) a focused laser beam scans the surface of the specimens and penetrates into the tissue. The intensity of the remitted light is recorded. The confocal effect is due to an extremely small aperture (pin-hole), excluding light from out-of-focus planes of the sample. By stepwise movement of the object table, a tomographic series of tomographic images is obtained. Sound cortical bone samples of the lower jaw (n = 20) were studied by light microscopy and by CLSM, visualizing identical areas of a ground sectioned sample after H&E staining. Additionally, embedded and fresh blocks of tissue of the same bone sample were studied histotomographically in the CLSM. RESULTS: (1) Light microscopic micromorphology of cortical bone can be visualized adequately in the CLSM; (2) many structures that can be visualized by light microscopy only after special staining (e.g., osteozyte processes) can be visualized by the CLSM using sample blocks without pretreatment. CONCLUSION: (1) Nondestructive subsurface histotomography by CLSM totally excludes mechanical artifacts; (2) physicochemical artifacts can be handled more easily because fresh samples can be studied; (3) pseudo-three-dimensional imaging allows histological interpretation of the tissue that is equivalent to macroscopic tomographic techniques (CT, MRT).

Artifacts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopic studies of accessory canals in primary molar furcations.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of accessory canals in the furcation region of human primary second molars. Forty freshly extracted teeth were radectomized and furcations were separated. The severed pulp chamber floors were decalcified and dehydrated. Paraffin embedding followed and cross-cut serial sections were taken from the specimens. Microscopic examination of each section followed. Sixteen out of twenty (80 percent) of the maxillary and fifteen out of twenty (75 percent) of the mandibular primary second molars demonstrated accessory foramina in the furcation area. 17.3 percent of the accessory foramina were found in the pulp chamber floor and 82. 7 percent were observed interradicular, close to the periodontal ligament. Thirty percent of the primary second molars demonstrated accessory canals, running from the pulp chamber to the periodontal ligament. Within the limitations of a microscopic investigation it is assumed that accessory furcation canals might be responsible for interradicular bone pathology in case of pulpal inflammation or necrosis.

Decalcification Technique↗