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PubMed2003

Propionibacterium acnes lipase in seborrheic dermatitis and other skin diseases and Unsei-in.

We examined Propionibacterium acnes lipase in skin diseases and Unsei-in. Butyric acid production in axillary seborrheic dermatitis (ASD) was higher than in other dermatitis, and that in acne vulgaris (AV) was significantly higher than in controls. P. acnes lipase is the pathogenic factor in AV and fatty acids produced by lipase might be the pathogenic factor in ASD. Unsei-in suppressed P. acnes lipase probably because some ingredients have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immune reactions to Pityrosporum ovale in adult patients with atopic and seborrheic dermatitis.

Pityrosporum ovale is a lipophilic yeast commonly present in the seborrheic areas of the skin of adults. Fifty-five young adult patients with atopic dermatitis, 19 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, and 19 healthy control subjects were examined for immune reactions to P. ovale, including tests for specific IgE antibodies (prick test, histamine release), IgG antibodies and epicutaneous testing. IgE antibodies against P. ovale were found in two thirds of the patients with atopic dermatitis and were more frequent in patients with lesions predominantly in the seborrheic areas. In addition, some atopic patients had positive reactions to epicutaneous tests, which suggest that delayed allergic reactions to P. ovale may also be important. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis, no evidence of immediate or delayed hypersensitivity to P. ovale was found. IgG antibody levels were low in all groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Humoral immune response to Malassezia furfur in patients with pityriasis versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis.

Humoral immune responses against exoantigen components of oval, elliptic and round yeast forms of Malassezia furfur were analysed by ELISA and Western blotting assays, using sera from patients with pityriasis versicolor (PV), seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and healthy adults (HA), as control. Sera from patients with SD showed IgG anti-oval M. furfur titers ranging from 1/400 to 1/6400 showing geometric mean (GM) of 1/1472, higher than those obtained with sera from patients with PV (1/200 to 1/6400, GM = 1/1239). Both patient groups showed mean titres statistically superior (P < 0.05) than those obtained form HA (GM = 1/229). Similar data were also obtained with the elliptic and round antigens. However, the anti-oval IgG mean titers from patients' sera were much higher than those obtained with elliptic or round antigenic components (p < 0.05) Anti-M furfur IgM titers obtained from patient's sera with PV against all three exoantigens were statistically superior (p < 0.05) than HA group. Patients with SD showed IgM titers statistically superior (p < 0.05) only to oval yeasts of M. furfur. The IgA mean titers from patients' groups against the different morphological antigens were shown be slightly higher than those HA group. By Western blot, using rabbit anti-sera, the different antigenic components of M.furfur showed a close relationship mainly between oval and elliptic yeast cells antigens. The 70 kDa component of the M. furfur exoantigen of oval morphology was recognized by 84% of the PV patients' sera. On the other hand, SD patients' sera recognized 3 principal components of 70 kDa (100%), 65 kDa (67%) and 84 kDa (53%). These components may be considered immunological markers for PV and SD. Twenty-five percent of HA sera recognized the components of 65, 70 and 94 kDa. This investigation shows that M. furfur antigens can sensitize the host, mainly the oval yeast form of M. furfur with a very important specific IgG response in patients with SD and PV.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed2005

[Malassezia species in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis].

Malassezia species, organisms normally colonizing the skin surface, are thought to play a role as either the cause or an exacerbating factor in a number of skin conditions, including pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Using a non-cultural PCR method, we analyzed Malassezia spp. extracted from the skin surface of SD and AD patients. The species most commonly detected in both patient groups were M. globosa and M. restricta, and the number of Malassezia spp. In these patients was higher than in healthy subjects. After a topical application of 2% ketoconazole cream, changes in the population of Malassezia spp. in 20 intractable cases of AD were recorded. The addition of the 2% ketoconazole cream to the standard topical treatments was found to have reduced the Malassezia spp. population by 90%, and showed a clinical efficacy rate of 70%. Furthermore, a combination of azole agents and tacrolimus produced a synergistic anti-fungal effect against Malassezia spp. in vitro. A clinical trial using this drug combination conducted on the face and neck of patients with intractable AD showed a 66.6% efficacy rate in both the reduction of the flora and in clinical improvement. From these results it was evident that Malassezia is one of the factors exacerbating AD, and that removal of the organism results in an improvement in the clinical condition of the patient.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed2004

A new yeast, Malassezia yamatoensis, isolated from a patient with seborrheic dermatitis, and its distribution in patients and healthy subjects.

Over the last few years, new Malassezia species have been found regularly in Japanese subjects. We isolated another new Malassezia species from a Japanese patient with seborrheic dermatitis (SD), and named it M. yamatoensis. In its physiological characteristics and the utilization of Tween by M. yamatoensis is similar to that of M. furfur and M. dermatis. It is distinguished by its growth temperature. To examine the distribution of the microorganism in the skin of patients with SD and atopic dermatitis (AD), and healthy subjects, we applied transparent dressings to the skin, and detected M. yamatoensis DNA using a non-culture-based method that consisted of nested PCR with specific primers. M. yamatoensis DNA was detected from 3 of 31 SD patients (9.7%), 5 of 36 AD patients (13.9%), and 1 of 22 healthy subjects (4.6%). Therefore, M. yamatoensis is a rare member of the cutaneous microflora.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Characterization of species of the gender Malassezia in patients with seborrheic dermatitis and subjects without skin lesions].

BACKGROUND: The yeast Malassezia spp has an established etiological role in pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis, systemic infections and onychomycosis. AIM: To assess the presence of Malassezia spp in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (SD), to find a correlation between Malassezia spp count and the severity of the disease and to compare the prevalence of the different Malassezia species in SD patients and subjects without skin lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Scrapings of the face from 81 patients with SD (69 males) and 79 subjects (54 males) without skin lesions were obtained for a direct microscope examination and yeast culture. RESULTS: The yeast Malassezia was found in 76% of SD patients and in 82% of subjects without skin lesions. There was a positive correlation between the number of yeasts found on direct examination and the clinical severity of lesions in SD patients. Although this correlation was statistically significant (P = 0.046), the degree of association (rho = 0.22) was weak. Fifty Malassezia species were identified. M globosa was found in 67% of SD patients, followed by M furfur and M sympodialis, each present in 16.5% of the SD patients. In subjects without skin lesions, the most prevalent species were M globosa (77%), followed by M sympodialis (12%), M slooffiae (7%) and M furfur (4%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the yeast Malassezia is not associated with the presence of skin lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Application of rank analysis of covariance methods to analysis of multiple anatomical regions with treatment for seborrheic dermatitis.

This paper presents the advantages of rank analysis of covariance in contrast to the Mantel-Haenszel procedure in the presence of a covariate. In this paper, data from a clinical trial with an indication for seborrheic dermatitis, which afflicts multiple anatomical regions, is presented. This paper presents analysis performed using both the Mantel-Haenszel procedure and rank analysis of covariance for separate anatomical regions, as well as for the combined anatomical regions. The analysis for the combined anatomical regions involves weighted sums over different strata.

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMed1988

Seborrheic dermatitis in otherwise healthy patients and in patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome/AIDS-related complex: treatment with 1% bifonazole cream.

Recent studies reported in the literature have repeatedly pointed out the utility of imidazole derivatives, one of which is bifonazole, in the therapy of seborrheic dermatitis (SD). The cause of this pathological situation is still under discussion but the therapeutic success obtained with antimycotics speaks in favor of the pathogenetic importance of Malassezia ovale in this context. There is a high frequency of SD type complaints in patients with HIV infections in whom immune defenses against various pathogens, including yeasts, are deficient. We therefore verified the clinical efficacy of 1% bifonazole cream on 15 subjects with SD of the face, 9 of whom were affected with lymphadenopathy syndrome/AIDS-related complex (LAS/ARC). The treatment was administered over a four-week period and gave good results in 12 patients. The best results, however, were observed in those suffering from LAS/ARC.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1993

Concomitant psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Cutaneous involvement with disseminated histoplasmosis occasionally occurs in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We describe a profoundly immunocompromised patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had concomitant psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and disseminated histoplasmosis, each with similar features. Findings of a skin biopsy specimen from a lesion on the forehead showed an infiltrate of histiocytes filled with Histoplasma capsulatum. In disseminated histoplasmosis involving the skin, lesions may have features more characteristic of a papulosquamous dermatosis than an infectious disease. In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, especially those with low numbers of CD4+ cells, serious infectious diseases may have unusual features and may assume the appearance of concomitant inflammatory diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Atopic and seborrheic dermatitis: practical management.

Atopic dermatitis is common and causes sleep loss, a disfiguring appearance, an unpleasant odour, teasing, short stature and restriction of career choice in severe cases. There are no drugs which control the scratching; distraction, keeping the nails short and smooth, and the use of mittens at night are all helpful. The sedative action of the older H1 antihistamines makes them useful if scratching prevents a child from falling asleep. Emollients are useful for the associated skin dryness. The least potent topical steroids should be used sparingly to avoid the main hazards of skin atrophy, systemic absorption and growth stunting. Bacterial skin infection with Staphylococcus aureus and sometimes beta-haemolytic streptococci is common and is best treated with oral antibiotics. Herpes simplex virus skin infection is also common; the initial infection occasionally causes a lethal (if untreated) illness. Allergy to house dust mites, pet animals, pollen and food can worsen dermatitis in some cases. There is no test however, which can be used to predict those patients who will respond to avoidance measures, so that management tends to be based on empirical trials of antigen avoidance. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common disorder that usually occurs in the first months of infancy. Findings consist of greasy yellow scales on the scalp (most simply treated with an emollient) and well-demarcated erythematous patches in the diaper area that spread to other areas such as the axillae and neck (usually requiring topical steroids). Some cases go on to develop atopic dermatitis, but many others, although florid, resolve spontaneously.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2005

Transient band-like keratopathy after treatment for seborrheic dermatitis.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of transient band-like keratopathy after ocular exposure to fluocinonide cream and ketoconazole shampoo. DESIGN: Observational case report. RESULTS: A 40-year-old patient presented with acute pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and redness in 1 eye. The symptoms began while using fluocinonide cream and ketoconazole shampoo as treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Examination revealed white clumpy deposits in a horizontal band across the inferocentral corneal epithelium and conjunctival hyperemia. Corneal scrapings revealed no cells or organisms, and culture was negative. The lipophilic deposits dissolved during slide fixation and processing. With conservative treatment the deposits resolved in 3 days. CONCLUSION: We present a case of transient band-like corneal deposit, a novel complication of fluocinonide and ketoconazole exposure.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Comparative study of 2% ketoconazole cream and 1% hydrocortisone cream in the treatment of infantile seborrheic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of 2% ketoconazole cream with 1% hydrocortisone cream in the treatment of infantile seborrheic dermatitis (ISD). This study recruited infants of 2 weeks to 2 years old with a clinical diagnosis of infantile seborrheic at the Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from December 2001 to November 2003. METHOD: The severity of the rash of the patients was examined in terms of erythema, scale and crust before treatment based on a scoring system comparing two sides (left and right) of the lesion with numeral representation for it a severity, namely: Ofor no lesion; 1, mild; 2, moderate; and 3, severe. They were treated with 2% ketoconazole cream on the left side of the lesion and 1% hydrocortisone cream on the right side of the lesion, twice a day. RESULTS: The responses of treatment of 2% ketoconazole cream compared with 1% hydrocortisone cream in 48 patients had no statistical significant difference at 2-3 days of treatment and 4-7 days of treatment. By one week, both 2% ketoconazole cream and 1% hydrocortisone cream have significant clinical improvement of the lesion. The skin lesions were cleared in 31% of the ketoconazole group and 35% of the hydrocortisone group. All skin lesions were cleared by the end of the second week. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of 2% ketoconazole cream and 1% hydrocortisone cream in the treatment of ISD was not significantly different. Ketoconazole is another option for the treatment of ISD, to avoid the side effects of topical corticosteroid in long-term use and on large surface area of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Seborrheic dermatitis, increased sebum excretion, and Parkinson's disease: a survey of (im)possible links.

The concept of skin as a mirror of parkinsonism, dates back at the beginning of the last century. Since then, much evidence has been accumulated supporting a causal association between the neurological disturbance and changes detectable on areas of the integument with the richest sebaceous gland supply, namely seborrheic dermatitis and/or seborrhea. However, the many persisting sources of perplexity weighing on some general aspects of the skin condition itself (lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, high variability of estimates of prevalence, and controversies on etiology and pathomechanisms) must have to date hampered assessment of the real nature, and significance (if any) of the links observed. The three major pathogenical pathways so far conceived in this context will be critically reviewed on the basis of evidences provided in the literature.

Causality↗
PubMed1987

Inherited seborrheic dermatitis--a new mutant in mice.

A new mutation, affecting skin and hair, occurred in an expansion colony of Him:OF1 mice. Test crosses showed that a single autosomal recessive gene was responsible for this trait. Homozygotes have sparse greasy fur and lower viability and fertility than normal littermates. Histological observations showed hypertrophy of sebaceous glands, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis and signs of inflammation. The disease was named 'inherited seborrheic dermatitis' and the gene name seb is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgE antibodies to Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis and Pityrosporum orbiculare in patients with atopic dermatitis, seborrheic eczema or pityriasis versicolor, and identification of respective allergens.

Malassezia yeasts may be a trigger factor for atopic dermatitis. Following the recent reclassification of the genus, the presence of specific IgE antibodies was examined in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis (n = 223), pityriasis versicolor (n = 83), seborrheic eczema (n = 50) and hymenoptera allergy (n = 39) and in controls without skin diseases (n = 50). In addition to using the commercially available radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for Pityrosporum orbiculare couplings were also made against the reference strains for M. furfur and M. sympodialis. To characterize the specificity and molecular weight of corresponding epitopes identical material was used for production of an immunoblot. Despite high total levels of IgE, controls and patients with pityriasis versicolor showed no specific IgE antibodies. Six patients (12%) with seborrheic eczema were positive while 78 patients (35%) with atopic dermatitis had specific IgE antibodies in higher RAST classes that differed between the Malassezia species. The molecular weights of the main antigens of M. sympodialis and M. furfur were determined to be 15, 22, 30, 37, 40, 58, 79, 92, 99 and 124 kDa and 15, 25, 27, 43, 58, 92, 99 and 107 kDa, respectively. Evaluated according to the location of their disease, patients with head and neck lesions most frequently showed Malassezia-specific IgE antibodies. However, there were differences between the Malassezia species tested, the previously used strain P. orbiculare being assignable to the species M. sympodialis.

Adult↗