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Results for “Diving physiology”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Post-dive blood lactate concentrations in emperor penguins, Aptenodytes forsteri.

In order to determine an aerobic diving limit (ADL) in emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), post-dive blood lactate concentrations were measured in penguins foraging at an isolated sea ice hole. Resting lactate concentrations were 1.2-2.7 mmol l-1. Serial samples revealed that lactate level usually peaked within 5 min after dives and that 7-12 min was required for lactate concentrations to decrease from 5-8 mmol l-1 to less than 2.5 mmol l-1. Post-dive lactate level was not elevated above 3 mmol l-1 for dives shorter than 5 min. Two-phase regression analysis revealed a transaction at 5.6 min in the post-dive lactate level versus diving duration relationship. All dives longer than 7 min were associated with lactate concentrations greater than 5 mmol l-1. We conclude that the ADL in emperor penguins ranges between 5 and 7 min. These are the first determinations of post-dive lactate concentrations in any free-diving bird and are currently the only physiological assessment of an ADL in an avian species.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Breath-hold diving--an increasing adventure sport with medical risks].

Breath-hold diving as a recreational and competitive sports activity is on the increase. In this review physiological limitations and medical risks associated with breath-hold diving are discussed. Specific topics include hypoxia, ascent blackout, hyperventilation, squeeze or barotrauma of descent including effects on the pulmonary system, glossopharyngeal breathing, and decompression illness. It is also concluded that the health requirements for competitive breath-hold diving should follow essentially the same standards as used for SCUBA-diving.

Apnea↗
PubMed1985

Thermal environmental monitoring of divers using a twelve channel multiplexing instrument.

A 12-channel temperature monitoring instrument designed for use by divers while immersed or within pressure chambers is described. Data are multiplexed at the diver and transmitted to the surface, bell, submarine, or chamber exterior through a two-core electrical cable. In the case of the immersed diver the cable may be incorporated into the diver's umbilical cable. Details of the method and special construction techniques used in the design of the diver-borne multiplexer are given. At the dive control station the 12 individual temperatures may be displayed in either digital or analogue format. The temperature data may also be stored on one track of a battery-powered magnetic tape recorder for subsequent off-line analysis.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1980

Diver monitoring.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rehabilitation of the pulmonary function of deep-water divers in mid-height mountain climate].

It is shown that the stay of deep-sea divers under high-altitude conditions causes a significant improvement in functional state of their breathing system. The speed and degree of lung ventilatory function restitution under conditions of mountain climate are higher than in other climatic zones. The positive effects of staying in the mountains are stable and are preserved for several months. At the same time the restitution efficiency in the mountains is notably lower when it starts earlier than two weeks after the end of decompression. The early start of mountain rehabilitation before reaching the phase of relative functional stabilization of the organism in the process of readaptation is counterindicated for divers with marked deterioration of middle- and small-calibre bronchi conductivity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Trigeminal and chemoreceptor contributions to bradycardia during voluntary dives in rats.

This study investigates the importance of chemoreceptive and trigeminal information during voluntarily initiated diving in rats. The heart rate responses to simulated diving are unaffected by chemoreceptor drive [McCulloch, P.F., and N. H. West. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 32): R1049-R1056, 1992] but are reversibly eliminated by infusion of glutamate receptor antagonists into the spinal trigeminal nuclei [McCulloch, P. F., I. A. Paterson, and N. H. West. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 38): R669-R677, 1995]. To investigate the role of chemoreceptor drive in conscious dives, rats were made hypercapnic, hyperoxic, or hypoxic predive. The role of trigeminal input was explored by infusing the glutamatergic antagonists D-2-amino-7-phosphoheptanoic acid and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione into the region of the trigeminal nuclei. The alteration of arterial blood gases predive had no effect on diving bradycardia. Trigeminal blockade reduced the intensity of the bradycardia but did not abolish it. Chemoreceptor input does not play a significant role in determining heart rate during conscious diving in rats. The attenuation, rather than abolition, of bradycardia on trigeminal blockade suggests either that we achieved incomplete blockade or that an additional spectrum of sensory inputs not present in simulated diving is important in determining the underwater heart rate during conscious diving in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional status changes in humans during a 14-day saturation dive: the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations V project.

Ground-based analogs of spaceflight are an important means of studying physiologic and nutritional changes associated with space travel, and the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations V (NEEMO) is such an analog. To determine whether saturation diving has nutrition-related effects similar to those of spaceflight, we conducted a clinical nutritional assessment of the NEEMO crew (4 men, 2 women) before, during, and after their 14-d saturation dive. Blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after the dive. The foods consumed by the crew were typical of the spaceflight food system. A number of physiologic changes were observed, during and after the dive, that are also commonly observed during spaceflight. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower (P < 0.05) after the dive. Transferrin receptors were significantly lower immediately after the dive. Serum ferritin increased significantly during the dive. There was also evidence indicating that oxidative damage and stress increased during the dive. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased during and after the dive (P < 0.05). Decreased leptin during the dive (P < 0.05) may have been related to the increased stress. Subjects had decreased energy intake and weight loss during the dive, similar to what is observed during spaceflight. Together, these similarities to spaceflight provide a model to use in further defining the physiologic effects of spaceflight and investigating potential countermeasures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Scope and design of the GUSI international research program.

During the 1980s a large new simulated underwater saturation diving system was constructed at GKSS, Geesthacht, Germany. This German Underwater Simulator (GUSI) has performed over 18 trimix (helium, 5% nitrogen, oxygen) dives with 115 divers at depths to 600 m, including 9 to 450 m or deeper for a total of 2672 man-days of saturation and 994 days of welding and other work. From October 1989, an international research program was initiated to permit scientists from other countries to carry out physiologic and medical research during these working dives. The results of the first year's program from 3 dives, GUSI 14, 16, and 17, all to 450 m, are described in this special edition of Undersea Biomedical Research. This brief paper gives the scope, design, and objectives of the program, the dive profiles, and the scientists and projects involved.

Decompression Sickness↗