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PubMed2006

Engaging students in wellness and disease prevention services.

Pharmacy education has traditionally focused on medications and treatment of disease. However, as an accessible health care professional, pharmacists can influence healthy behaviors in their patients. Encouraging/promoting healthier lifestyles in the United States is essential because the leading causes of mortality are tobacco use, poor nutrition, and inactivity. In order to prepare pharmacists for this role, student pharmacists must be taught how to implement and deliver wellness and prevention services. Community advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) occur at an ideal point in the curriculum to engage students in these activities. This article provides preceptors with guidance and tools for restructuring the community APPE at their sites to incorporate wellness and disease prevention activities.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2006

Laboratory monitoring in oncology.

OBJECTIVES: To educate pharmacists about the application of laboratory values in oncology. METHODS: Research on drugs used in cancer therapy was conducted using multiple sources, including primary, secondary and tertiary references. Online searches were conducted on Medline (1966-2004), EMBASE (1996-2004) and Ovid databases, using a drug's generic name and key words, such as 'adverse effects', 'hematotoxicity', 'renal toxicity', 'hepatotoxicity', 'cardiotoxicity', 'organ dysfunction', and terms describing chemotherapy-related toxicity, such as 'tumour lysis syndrome'. RESULTS: Laboratory monitoring in oncology was separated into the hematologic, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Laboratory tests applicable to each system are discussed. In addition, tests pertaining to specific drugs used in cancer therapy are explained. This information was compiled into a comprehensive continuing pharmacy education module. CONCLUSION: Laboratory monitoring assists the pharmacist in the monitoring of chemotherapy. A general understanding of common tests used in cancer therapy and knowledge specific to drugs used can help the pharmacist tailor drug therapy monitoring.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2001

The diffusion process of patient education in Dutch community pharmacy: an exploration.

Patient education activities in pharmacies are receiving much attention. These activities are relatively new and implementation requires individual and organisational change in pharmacies. The aim of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of patient education in community pharmacies and to classify these barriers and facilitators into the diffusion stages of Rogers' 'Innovations in Organisations' model [Rogers, EM. Diffusion of innovations. 4th ed. New York: The Free Press, 1995]. Six focus group interviews, three with pharmacists and three with pharmacy technicians (total n = 38) were carried out. The initiation phase has been dealt with by community pharmacies, whereas the implementation phase has not. The barriers and facilitators in the redefining/restructuring stage were mainly related to the organisation of patient education. In the clarifying and routinizing stages, barriers were related to repetition and knowledge transfer. The facilitators in these stages relate to performing and talking about patient education. Interventions for implementation of patient education should aim at these barriers and facilitating factors.

Community Pharmacy Services↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacy student knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about selling syringes to injection drug users.

OBJECTIVE: To explore pharmacy school education and pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), drug use, and syringe sales to injection drug users (IDUs). DESIGN: Qualitative study of a convenience sample of pharmacy school students. SETTING: A pharmacy school in the southeastern United States. INTERVENTION: Two focus groups and nine in-depth interviews were conducted about HIV/AIDS education and counseling, syringe sales to possible IDUs, and related pharmacy school education. PARTICIPANTS: 19 Doctor of Pharmacy students, including 88 students in their third professional year and 11 in their fourth professional year. RESULTS: Most participants believed that they would benefit from more class time on HIV/AIDS topics, including AIDS treatment medications and HIV prevention. Most participants believed that the laws and regulations governing syringe sales in their state were vague, leaving syringe sale decisions to pharmacists' discretion. Nine study participants supported selling syringes to possible IDUs, five opposed it, and five were undecided or ambivalent. Classroom education focused on addiction to prescription drugs, with limited attention to illicit drug use. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy students have divided opinions about selling syringes to IDUs. To prepare students for helping their patients with drug-use problems, pharmacy schools should increase training about HIV/AIDS and addiction. Policy makers should consider changing laws and regulations of syringe sales to recognize prevention of blood-borne infections as a legitimate medical purpose for selling syringes to IDUs.

HIV Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied