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PubMed2006

[Use of Venofer in management of anemia in cancer patients].

Therapy of anemia raises hemoglobin (Hb) level which in turn improves quality of life. Venofer was tested in 20 anemic (grade 1) patients with various malignancies. The drug was administered in 3 courses, i/v, 200 mg at a 4-5 week interval during chemotherapy. Hb levels rose or remained unchanged in 75%; they fell mostly in cases of tumor progression. There was no correlation between Hb concentration and chemotherapy regimen--with or without platinum. Venofer treatment was followed by improvement in quality of life or by stabilization only in 73.3%. Quality of life improved by 9,3% (FACT-An) after an 1g/dl increase in Hb level. Venofer treatment prevented further anemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

In vitro and in vivo (LD50) effects of human lactoferrin on bacteria.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of human lactoferrin (LF), apoLF, iron saturated LF and of different iron containing compounds (ferric chloride, ferric sodium citrate) were studied on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi-murium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa reference and wild-type strains with well-defined virulence markers (i.e. enterochelin, aerobactin production). LF exert in vitro antibacterial effect, and iron-free Vogel-Bonner medium proved to be suitable for its determination. The effect of intraperitoneally administered LF could not be evaluated because of its aspecificity, as any treatment (e.g. saline, Ringer solution) before bacterial challenge activated macrophages. In contrast to the in vitro results, intramuscular challenge failed to inhibit bacterial growth in vivo, as siderophores produced by bacteria were able to acquire lactoferrin-bound iron. LF treatment, like iron addition, enhanced the virulence of bacteria in mice, whereas apoLF - using iron present in the body fluids - turned to LF being unable to acquire siderophore-bound iron from bacteria. These findings do not support the literary view that LF would be useful as an antimicrobial drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Chronic hemorrhagic iron deficiency. Sources of hemorrhage, blood loss and systematic iron substitution].

In only 121/436 (28 per cent) patients with chronic haemorrhagic iron deficiency bleeding sources could be removed by appropriate management or healed spontaneously. In 61 per cent of all cases the disease lasted from 1 year to greater than 20 years. The fall of haemoglobin per month correlated closely with blood losses per month as calculated by determinations of 59Fe whole body iron loss. Over prolonged periods estimations of the magnitude of blood loss (range 1- greater than 721 per year) based on changes of the iron status under normal diets and under systematic iron substitution. Oral iron administration with appraisable bioavailability was able to compensate blood losses up to 151 and with increasing doses up to 361 per year with maintenance of normal or borderline haemoglobin values. However, side reactions increased considerably after years and with rising doses. Under such circumstances combinations of i.v. iron, oral iron and blood transfusions were successful over prolonged periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Methodological aspects of assessing atmospheric contamination with metal aerosols in the vicinity of thermal power complexes.

A study of metal aerosols content in waste steam-containing gases from a thermal power station operating on oil fuel revealed that the concentrations of V2O5, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO2 and Cr2O3 are not influenced by the operational mode, type of boiler, the mean ratios being 1 : 0, 3 : 0, 27 : 0, 2 : 0, 03 : 0 and 0.25 respectively. Comparing the metal content in oil fuel and waste gases showed that no more than 10% of the studied compounds are sorbed on the boiler walls, the remaining 90% being released into the atmosphere. It is suggested that V2O5 be determined as an integral indicator with the aim of rapid hygienic assessment of the extent of atmospheric contamination with metal aerosols. The presented results may be used in preventive and regular sanitary surveillance during thermal power plant designing, construction and reconstruction.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

Hemosiderosis in rodents and the effect of acetohydroxamic acid on urinary iron excretion.

Previously reported animal models of hemosiderosis fall short of simulating the human disease state of transfusion-induced hemosiderosis. An explanation for this was found by reexamining heat-treated red blood cell (rbc) loading in the mouse. After 18 intraperitoneal transfusions, each equal to two-thirds of mouse rbc volume, liver Fe reaches a level of 0.3% Fe (dry weight), which is far below the 2%-8% found in heavily transfused patients. Using the easily synthesized chelate compound ferric acetohydroxamate, Fe(AHA)3, liver Fe levels in the rat of up to 2% were achieved after 38 intraperitoneal injections. Fe was distributed in both the reticuloendothelial (RE) system and parenchymal cells, as ascertained by light microscopy. No definite histological or biochemical abnormalities could be demonstrated in loaded rats. Cardiac Fe was approximately doubled. Thus, chelate loading, while producing Fe liver levels similar to those of humans with hemosiderosis, may still be of limited usefulness in studying long-term sequelae. On the other hand, this model can be used in determining responses to chelating agents. To explore this, Fe stores were first labeled by giving 59Fe as 59Fe(AHA)3 prior to loading. In animals loaded to 0.7% liver Fe (calculated), desferroxamine, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, induced a 20-fold rise in urinary Fe. This was duplicated by AHA at a dose of 800-1600 mg/kg. It is concluded that Fe(AHA)3-loaded rats are a potentially useful model of hemosiderosis and that further studies are needed to determine whether AHA can be effective in the treatment of transfusion-induced hemosiderosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Different actions of deferoxamine and iron on Ga-67 abscess detection in rats.

The contrast-enhancing properties of iron (Fe) and deferoxamine (DFO) in abscess imaging with Ga-67 citrate were compared in rats bearing turpentine-induced abscesses. Iron administration shifted Ga-67 from plasma into tissues such as muscle and fat. As a result, the abscess-to-plasma ratio increased whereas the abscess-to-muscle ratio decreased. DFO enhanced the abscess-to-muscle and abscess-to-plasma ratios by increasing urinary Ga-67 excretion. In contrast to Fe, DFO removed abscess-bound Ga-67, thus representing a disadvantage of DFO compared with Fe. As a result, the abscess-to-plasma ratio was more effectively enhanced by Fe than by DFO. We conclude that abscess imaging with Ga-67 citrate may be improved by administration of Fe for detection of abscesses masked by blood activity, or DFO for detection of abscesses surrounded by muscle tissue.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of iron-saccharin injections of Finnish horses.

In four training stables five trotter horses of the Finnish coldblooded breed and seven warmblooded trotters were treated with a ferrissaccharin preparation (Hippiron, Hausmann) intravenously. A short increase in heart frequency after the injection was noted. The cold solution injections, less than + 15 degrees C, may cause dangerous reactions. All horses showed an enhanced appetite, a substantially livier habitus after treatment.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1981

[Response of omental milk spots to colloidal saccharated ferric oxide in the mouse: light and electron microscopic study (author's transl)].

In adult dd-mice, response of omental milk spots to colloidal saccharated ferric oxide intraperitoneally injected was observed by light and electron microscopy. Macrophages in milk spots and the fat tissue along the omental vessels took up large amounts of iron particles 1 hr after injection. Lymphoid cells in milk spots also could take up iron particles, though in very small amounts. At 2 hrs, milk spots were obscure in structure owing to remarkable infiltration of granulocytes. At 12 hrs, mononuclear cells appeared to be accumulated around blood vessels in the superficial zone of the fat tissue. Thus new milk spots appeared to be formed again. At 1 day, macrophages started to appear within formed milk spots. These cells had the ability to take up iron particles, and histochemically showed acid phosphatase activity. In addition, they were accumulated in thick layers along the surface of the fat tissue and milk spots 4 days after injection, but they then became gradually less in density with advancing time. Macrophages in the fat tissue, which could be distinguished from the ones in milk spots by remarkable HRP uptake, disappeared during the first 12 hrs after injection, but they appeared again along vessels in the fat tissue 1 day after injection. The response of two types of macrophages in omentum to colloidal iron was particularly discussed in detail.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Abiogenic synthesis of amino acids during polycondensation of formaldehyde and hydroxylamine].

Using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of dansyl derivatives, studies have been made on the formation of amino acids from formaldehyde and hydroxyamine at the expense of energy from catalytic breakdown of hydroxy peroxide in aqueous medium in the presence of Fe3qt temperature 30 degrees C, pH 2.4. Accumulation of glycine, serine, proline and treonine was observed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Biological markers of oxidative stress induced by ethanol and iron overload in rat.

Studies on rats treated for 15 months with ethanol (10%, w/v, solution in drinking water) revealed that the stimulation of hepatic cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases activity was accompanied by enhanced microsomal malondialdehyde formation, a lipid peroxidation index and a decreased level of the antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. The other components of the prooxidant/antioxidant system, diene conjugates and catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were unaffected. Oxidative stress in blood was shown by a significant decrease in the alpha-tocopherol level whereas lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity remained unchanged. The prooxidative effect of ethanol was catalytically promoted by an iron overload (Fe-saccharate, 100 mg Fe3+/kg body wt. intraperitoneally, 2, 5 and 7 day before test) to simulate the effect of alcoholic hemochromatosis. Thus, the level of malondialdehyde and alpha-tocopherol in the serum may be recommended as biological markers of ethanol-provoked oxidative stress, which is especially useful in the evaluation of the combined effect of ethanol and other chemicals that affect the redistribution of active iron complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Epoetin alfa increases the volume of autologous blood donated by patients scheduled to undergo orthopedic surgery.

In patients scheduled to undergo major orthopedic surgery, predonation of autologous blood (AB) has emerged as a means of avoiding subsequent exposure to allogeneic blood. However, patients with a baseline hematocrit (Hct) less than 40% may not be able to donate sufficient AB to fully meet their requirements. In female patients with a baseline Hct < or = 39%, epoetin alfa (300 to 600 IU/kg twice weekly for 3 weeks) significantly increased the amount of AB donated prior to elective orthopedic surgery and significantly reduced allogeneic blood requirements in comparison with placebo. Iron availability was a critical factor in determining the response to epoetin alfa. In these patients, parenteral supplementation with iron saccharate significantly increased the amount of AB donated and the volume of red blood cells (RBCs) collected in comparison with oral iron alone. Parenteral iron supplementation, therefore, ensures that sufficient iron is available to meet the demands of epoetin alfa-accelerated erythropoiesis in patients enrolled in an AB donation program.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Epoetin alfa for autologous blood donation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant anemia.

In patients scheduled for major orthopedic surgery, the presence of anemia can preclude the donation of sufficient autologous blood (AB) to meet transfusion requirements. Although a number of studies have investigated the use of epoetin alfa (in conjunction with parenteral iron supplementation) to facilitate AB donation and reduce exposure to allogeneic blood in this patient population, the optimum treatment regimen and route of administration has yet to be defined. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with a low predonation hematocrit (Hct; < or = 39%), intravenous (i.v.) treatment with epoetin alfa 300 IU/kg twice weekly for 3 weeks was the optimum dosage for facilitation of AB donation and minimization of the decrease in Hct prior to elective orthopedic surgery. However, the subcutaneous (s.c.) route of epoetin alfa administration may allow lower dosages of epoetin alfa to be used. Indeed, epoetin alfa 100 IU/kg s.c. twice weekly for 3 weeks (in conjunction with a single i.v. bolus of 200 IU/ kg at the first s.c. dose) was as effective as 300 IU/kg i.v. administered according to the same schedule. The number of AB units collected, total red blood cell (RBC) volume donated, and peak proportion of reticulocytes were similar regardless of the route of administration. Both treatment groups were associated with a significant reduction in allogeneic blood exposure compared with historical controls. Findings consistent to all of these studies were that epoetin alfa was well tolerated, and that i.v. iron supplementation was necessary to maximize its beneficial effects.

Anemia↗
PubMed1996

Epoetin alfa plus autologous blood donation in patients with a low hematocrit scheduled to undergo orthopedic surgery.

A low predonation hematocrit (Hct) can preclude the collection of sufficient autologous blood (AB) to meet the transfusion requirements of patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of epoetin alfa, in conjunction with intravenous (i.v.) iron supplementation, has proved effective for the facilitation of AB donation by such patients. Compared with untreated controls and patients treated with i.v. iron alone, epoetin alfa 50 to 150 IU/kg SC plus i.v. iron twice weekly for 3 weeks prior to surgery significantly increased total red blood cell (RBC) production (P < .01) and the volume of RBCs donated (P < .05). Epoetin alfa was particularly effective in females and patients with a predicted blood volume (PBV) less than 5 L. Treatment with epoetin alfa led to an increase (albeit nonsignificant) in the number of AB units predonated compared with i.v. iron alone. However, in patients with a PBV less than 5 L, a substantially greater percentage of epoetin alfa-treated patients donated > or = 4 AB units (80% v 30%). Allogeneic blood requirements were reduced, albeit not significantly (P = .051), in patients treated with epoetin alfa. However, in comparison with untreated controls, there was a significant reduction in the mean volume of allogeneic blood transfused per transfused patient in the epoetin alfa groups. The optimum s.c. dose of epoetin alfa in patients with a low predonation Hct scheduled for orthopedic surgery appears to be between 100 and 150 IU/kg twice weekly for 3 weeks.

Anemia↗