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PubMed1977

[Calculus index (OHI-S) and periodontal condition in diabetes mellitus].

The calculus (OHI-S) index according to Greene and Vermillion and the periodontal disease index of Kötzschke were determined in 209 male diabetics. The calculus index (CI) was significantly lower in diabetics with healthy gingivae (CI=0.40) than in diabetics with pathological periodontal findings (CI=1.40). Diabetics with advanced periodontal diseases (gingival recession, periodontitis and pockets), such as parodontopathia inflammata profunda, showed the highest CI value (1.88) which also differed significantly from the CI values for diabetics with healthy gingivae or with parodontopathia inflammata superficialis. 91% of our diabetics with pathological findings showed also concretions of calculus, subgingival concretions being detectable in 47.4% of these patients. It is concluded from results obtained that calculus formation is surely a sequela but not the only cause of periodontal diseases.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed2001

[Possibilities of using laser doppler flowmetry in evaluating periodontal tissue status].

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used for evaluation of microcirculatory disorders in periodontal tissue of children in health and disease. Gingival capillary bloodflow was examined in children and adults with intact periodontium and orthognathic occlusion, chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis and local periodontitis (with evaluation of the efficiency of laser therapy), in children with various maxillodental abnormalities, and in adults with partial and complete adentia. LDF findings were processed using mathematical analysis, and criteria for evaluation of capillary bloodflow in children of different age groups were defined. LDF detects microcirculatory disorders in periodontal tissues and differentiates between them, detects subjects at a high risk of periodontal inflammations, helps monitor the treatment course and evaluate the disease severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of interleukin-4 on proteoglycan accumulation in human gingival fibroblasts.

In inflammatory gingival diseases, cytokines have been demonstrated to play critical roles by coordinating the stimulation of immunological and connective tissue cells. The activities of these cells, degrading and remodeling extracellular matrices, constitute the major pathological and repair processes. Thus, elucidating cellular and molecular events occurring in inflamed connective tissues is crucial for the understanding and treatment of inflammation. In order to test a hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines affect metabolism of major extracellular matrix molecules, we studied metabolism of proteoglycans (PGs) by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) under the influence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) as a model of gingivitis. HGF in cell culture were metabolically radiolabeled using [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate in the presence or absence of IL-4, and the labeled PGs were analyzed by chromatographic techniques. The incorporation of 35S into PGs increased with IL-4 both in media and cell layer. At 100 ng/ml of IL-4, the increment of 35S incorporation over control culture was 16-39% (p<0.001) in media and 12-35% (p=0.01) in cell layer. The 35S-labeled macromolecules were PGs containing heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains. From the molecular weight and glycosaminoglycan composition analyses, versican and perlecan-type and biglycan and decorin-type were very likely to be the major PG constituents both in media and cell layer. IL-4 stimulated synthesis of versican and perlecan-type more potently than biglycan and decorin-type. With IL-4 treatment, the ratio of CSPG/HSPG decreased in media and increased in cell layer. This ratio suggested that syndecan family HSPGs were also present in HGF. In conclusion, IL-4 stimulated accumulation of CS/HSPGs in human gingival fibroblasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Systemic retinoid medication and periodontal health in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

Periodontal health in relation to systemic retinoid medication was evaluated retrospectively in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS). The material consisted of 18 children/young adults ranging from 8 to 28 years of age, all with a confirmed diagnosis of PLS. 9 participants, comprising a medication group, had been on long-term (range 1.5-9 years) retinoid medication for their cutaneous lesions. The remaining 9 served as controls. Regardless of whether or not retinoid medication was received, every patient experienced an early and devastating periodontitis, with atypical edematous and erythematous gingiva, suppuration from deep gingival pockets and premature loss of teeth. No correlation could be found between the severity of skin involvement and the severity of periodontal involvement. An improvement with age could be seen for the cutaneous lesions but not for the periodontal condition. Systemic medication with retinoids had a favorable therapeutic effect on cutaneous lesions, and no severe complication/side effect could be seen after several years of continuous use. However, from the results of this study it can be concluded that, at least in a situation with poor compliance of daily oral home-care, no positive effect on the periodontal health in patients with PLS could be seen by the retinoid medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A case of Behçet's disease aggravated by gingival infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

We report a case of Behçet's disease aggravated by gingivitis and carious teeth infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Recurrent severe ulcers in the mouth, and on the genitalia and legs were closely linked with the infection, and dramatically improved after extraction of the carious teeth and administration of systemic vancomycin hydrochloride.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of gingival health and gingival crevicular fluid flow in children with and without diabetes.

GCF flow measurements and a clinical scoring of gingival health were both recorded for a group of 56 children with diabetes and 41 children without diabets. The children with diabetes had significantly more gingival disease than the children without diabetes when compared with either measure. A small but significant correlation was found between the GCF flow and the clinical scores with the children with diabetes but not with the children without diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Determination of surface morphological changes during therapy of gingivitis].

Changes in inflammatory gingival disease of the anterior dental area of the mandible caused by therapy are evaluated with the help of surface morphometric methods. The clinical diversities of the healthy and diseased gum can be presented by comparative consideration of the measurements. The relationship of the contour of the gum to tartar formation and capacity for retention of plaque are interpreted. The ratio of papillary to dental surface allows these findings to be incorporated into the physiomorphological or pathomorphological state.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between bleeding time test and postextraction bleeding in a healthy control population.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether cutaneous bleeding time (BT) is related to bleeding outcome measures after a single tooth extraction. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective clinical pilot study of 30 subjects. Cutaneous BT was evaluated before a single tooth extraction. After extraction, an oral BT was determined. Subjects were contacted 3 to 7 hours and 2 days after extraction to assess further postoperative bleeding. RESULTS: The mean cutaneous BT was 5.9 minutes (range 1.5-10.0 minutes). The mean oral BT was 7.5 minutes (range 0-20 minutes). Cutaneous BT did not correlate with oral BT or any of our measures of postoperative bleeding. However, the oral BT correlated with the number of hours of bleeding after surgery (R(s) = 0.54, P =.03). The time necessary to perform the extraction correlated with the extraction site bleeding 3 to 7 hours after surgery (R(s) = 0.67, P =.0006). CONCLUSION: Cutaneous BT did not correlate with measures of postoperative bleeding in the present study, but oral BT immediately after extraction correlated with the duration of subsequent postoperative bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Immunolocalisation of tenascin-C in focal reactive overgrowths of oral mucosa.

Focal reactive overgrowths of oral mucosa were investigated in the following groups: gingival pyogenic granuloma, fibrous epulis, calcifying fibrous epulis, peripheral giant cell granuloma, giant cell fibroma, fibroepithelial polyp and denture-related fibrous hyperplasia (n = 8 for each group). We hypothesised that immunoreactivity to tenascin-C, a functional protein associated with connective tissue organisation and cell migration, would be differentially distributed in individual lesions and between lesion groups. Staining patterns for giant cell fibromas and fibroepithelial polyps were similar to those reported for normal mucosa. By contrast, additional staining was observed in the other lesion groups, although immunoreactivity was variable and not specific to each lesion group. Strong immunoreactivity was observed around blood vessels lined with plump endothelial cells and in regions where keratinocytes were migrating over ulcerated surfaces. Interlacing collagenous fascicles could be either strongly or weakly immunoreactive, with either fibrillar or diffuse staining. Localised staining was observed around, but not within, areas of calcification.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1983

Hyperplastic lesions of the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. A study of 175 cases.

175 'epulides' were studied clinically and histologically. The lesions were histologically reclassified into three groups: granulomatous, fibromatous and giant cell lesions. The granulomatous group was four times and the giant cell group 1.5 times more frequent in females. It is suggested that the expression epulis should be abandoned as a microscopic designation for lesions in the oral mucosa, as it is only a non-specific topographico-clinical concept comprising histogenetically and histomorphologically differing lesions and therefore does not represent a uniform group. The suggested new terms for the three types of hyperplastic lesions are oral mucosal granulomatous hyperplasias (including such diagnostic terms as granulomatous gingivitis, gingivitis of pregnancy, granuloma gravidarium, pyogenic granuloma, epulis angiomatosa and epulis telangiectaticum), oral mucosal fibrous hyperplasias (including such diagnostic terms as fibrous epulis, epulis fissuratum, fibroepithelial lesions, denture injury tumor and peripheral odontogenic fibroma) and oral mucosal giant cell hyperplasia (including such diagnostic terms as peripheral giant cell granuloma and giant cell epulis).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Oral hygiene: effective and safe].

Daily oral hygiene is a matter-of-course. However, many people disregard the difficulties of effective cleansing of the dentition and need to be made aware of the problems; in everyday practice, more attention must be given to detailed individual instruction and recall. A systematic order of cleansing, the use of the proper instruments in the proper way and particularly the avoidance of traumatic forces are important to prevent damaging side effects, such as gingival recession, abrasion and erosion. Patients with periodontal problems are in need of conscientious instruction after their initial treatment, as careful plaque control has proven to be effective in the prevention of further deterioration. Moreover, patients with an increased risk of plaque retention, due to restorative, prosthetic and orthodontic devices or implants, need special care and frequently repeated instructions.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed2001

Patients with local adverse effects from dental alloys: frequency, complaints, symptoms, allergy.

Data on the prevalence of adverse effects from dental cast alloys and on the characteristics of the related patient groups are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate patients in a defined part of Germany attributing oral complaints or symptoms to dental cast alloys. All dentists in the area of Eastern Bavaria (with 1 million inhabitants) were asked to send corresponding patients to our department during a 3-year period. Out of this collection, patients with complaints or symptoms in the oral cavity were recruited and characterized with regard to number, age and sex distribution, type of subjective complaints and objective intraoral symptoms, and allergy status based on an alloy analysis. Patients reporting to our department with suspected local adverse effects from dental cast alloys represented 0.01% of the population. Thirty-four percent of the patients were 50-59 years old, with females prevailing (76%). A great variety of subjective complaints was reported, which mainly resembles those reported by patients with adverse effects attributed to other dental materials like amalgam or denture base materials. The main objective intraoral symptoms were gingivitis, anomalies of the tongue (lingua plicata, lingua geographica), discoloration of the gingiva, redness of the palate or tongue and lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa. In not more than 10% of the patients, allergy was diagnosed as contributing to the complaints or symptoms.

Adult↗