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Results for “HYALURONIC ACID”

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PubMed1982

A method for the hyaluronic acid synthetase assay in human skin.

A method for the determination of hyaluronic acid synthetase activity of human skin is described. Skin samples were crush-homogenized, and incubated with UDP-14C-glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in Tris-HCl-buffer containing MgCl2. After papain digestion of the samples, the 14C-labeled hyaluronic acid was separated in Sephadex G 50 chromatography. The radioactivity incorporated into hyaluronic acid was an expression of the activity of hyaluronic acid synthetase. This activity was found to be increased in skin biopsies obtained from psoriatic lesions and decreased after local treatment with potent corticoids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1980

Additional evidence for the role of hyaluronic acid in the macrophage disappearance reaction.

A slight macrophage disappearance reaction was elicited in C3H/Hej mice, a low responder strain. Low levels of hyaluronic acid accumulated in the peritoneal fluid during the disappearance reaction, in keeping with the low response. The macrophage disappearance reaction was not simulated by the intraperitoneal injection of large amounts of hyaluronate into nonsensitized C3H/Hej mice. This suggested that these macrophages were refractory to hyaluronic acid. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that low concentrations of hyaluronic acid did not agglutinate these cells, in vitro, nor inhibit their migration to the extent obtained with macrophages from the responder mice (C57BL/6 strain), thus providing evidence that the low responder mice had at least two defects with respect to the disappearance reaction: 1) they accumulated less hyaluronic acid in their peritoneal fluid, and 2) their macrophages were refractory towards hyaluronic acid. Generalized defects in membranes of various cell types of C3H/Hej mice, involving receptors for lymphokines in the case of mesothelial cells, or hyaluronic acid receptors on macrophages may serve as the central defect and explain the above observations.

Agglutination↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Measuring isokinetic force in patients with gonarthrosis before and after hyaluronic acid therapy].

AIM: In the study we evaluated the effectiveness of intraarticular injected hyaluronic acid (Hyalart) with regard to the changes in the parameters maximal isokinetic muscle strength, total work, pain at rest, and pain under toad. METHOD: We examined 43 patients with osteoarthritis in both knee joints (Kellgren II or II according to X-ray) in right/left comparison. We used the isokinetic system Cybex 600 for measuring the maximal isokinetic muscle strength and the total work. We used the visual analog scale for the pain. The evaluated parameters were measured before and after a 5-week treatment phase with 5 intraarticular injections (one injection per week with 20 mg hyaluronic acid). RESULTS: In knees treated with hyaluronic acid the mean peak torque of the knee extensor was 57 +/- 26.15/32 +/- 19.63 Nm vs. 77.17 +/- 32.54/47.83 +/- 21.43 Nm after (p < 0.01), the mean peak torque of the knee flexor was 40.44 +/- 21.58/22.89 +/- 16.64 Nm vs. 53.55 +/- 24.26/34.05 +/- 17.37 Nm after treatment (p < 0.01) at the angular velocities of 60 degrees/s and 180 degrees/s. Significant differences (p > 0.01) between treated and untreated knee were found for total work of the extensor and flexor of the knee. The pain at rest decreased from 3.83 +/- 1.72 cm to 1.36 +/- 1.42 cm and the pain under load decreased from 7.57 +/- 1.34 cm to 3.75 +/- 1.32 cm in the treated knee group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with gonarthrosis. The treatment resulted in a functional improvement of the knee joint and had a good pain lowering effect in patients suffering from gonarthrosis.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hyaluronic acid increases motility/intracellular CA2+ concentration in human sperm in vitro.

This study investigated the mechanisms of the stimulatory effect of hyaluronic acid on motility in human sperm in vitro. A method, involving the measurement of forward progression through an agarose gel. was used to measure sperm motility quantitatively. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in sperm were detected using the fluorescent dye Fluo-3. The effects of hyaluronic acid (6.5, 65, 650 ng/mL) and nifedipine (32 nM) on sperm motility were investigated. The effects of hyaluronic acid, nifedipine (32 nM), A23187 (32 microM), and a monoclonal antibody to human CD44 (1 microg/mL) on changes in intracellular CA2+ concentrations were investigated. Hyaluronic acid significantly (p < .008) stimulated sperm motility and this was partially inhibited by nifedipine. A23187 significantly (p < .005) increased intracellular CA2+ concentrations. Hyaluronic acid significantly (p < .04) increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and this was inhibited by nifedipine and a monoclonal antibody to human CD44. Hyaluronic acid stimulated human sperm motility by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, partially via an influx of extracellular Ca2+.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1988

Stimulatory effect of vanadate on hyaluronic acid synthesis in mesothelial cells from rabbit pericardium.

Vanadate dose-dependently stimulated the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycan, especially hyaluronic acid, in mesothelial cells from rabbit pericardium. The activity of hyaluronic acid synthase in the mesothelial cells treated with 50 microM vanadate for 0.5-1 h was stimulated to a level about 2 times over that of the control. Neither DNA synthesis nor protein synthesis in the mesothelial cells under the same experimental conditions was affected. The enhancement of the activity of hyaluronic acid synthase in the mesothelial cells treated with vanadate (50 microM) was not inhibited by the addition of cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml). These results suggest that vanadate stimulates the hyaluronic acid synthesis by activation of hyaluronic acid synthase in mesothelial cells from rabbit pericardium.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Intravesical hyaluronic acid in the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: Based on the assumption that interstitial cystitis results from a defective mucous lining of the bladder epithelium, we investigated the activity of hyaluronic acid in the treatment of this disease. Hyaluronic acid is an important glycosaminoglycan present in all connective tissues, including the glycosaminoglycan layer of the vesical mucosa. It exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties that enhance its appeal for the therapy of interstitial cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25 patients with characteristic findings of interstitial cystitis refractory to other medical treatments participated in a trial of intravesical hyaluronic acid at a dose of 40 mg. weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly. Response to therapy was evaluated by symptom score, voiding diaries and visual analog scales. RESULTS: An initial 56% positive (complete plus partial) response rate at week 4 increased to 71% by week 12 and response was maintained until week 20. Beyond week 24 there was a moderate decrease in the effectiveness of the medication. There was no significant toxicity attributable to hyaluronic acid in the bladder. CONCLUSIONS: The response of patients with refractory interstitial cystitis to the intravesical administration of hyaluronic acid was gratifying. In the past many therapies for interstitial cystitis which were initially considered promising failed the test of a controlled study. Such a study to determine the activity of hyaluronic acid in patients with interstitial cystitis is currently under way.

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed1994

Follicular fluid contents of hyaluronic acid, follicle-stimulating hormone and steroids relative to the success of in vitro fertilization of human oocytes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the concentrations of hyaluronic acid, FSH, P, and E2 in the follicular fluid (FF) obtained from IVF-ET patients and to assess the value of these measurements in predicting the outcome of fertilization. DESIGN: One hundred eleven samples were retrospectively analyzed for the hyaluronic acid and hormone contents. SETTING: University-based tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Preovulatory FF samples were collected from 67 women undergoing IVF-ET treatment because of tubal absence or obstruction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The FF hyaluronic acid and hormone concentrations were compared according to the type of ovulation induction, follicular development, and IVF outcome. RESULTS: According to the type of ovulation induction, a significantly lower hyaluronic acid concentration was found in FF harvested from the patients treated with GnRH agonist-hMG. No significant correlation was found between FF hyaluronic acid and either morphological maturity of the oocyte-cumulus complex or fertilizability of oocytes. The level of FSH was significantly higher in FF, yielding a mature oocyte-cumulus complex and from which the oocyte obtained successfully fertilized and cleaved. A significant increase in the E2 concentration was found in FF in which mature cumuli oophori were present. The levels of hyaluronic acid significantly correlated with FSH in FF. CONCLUSIONS: Expansion of the human oocyte-cumulus cell complex is an FSH-dependent phenomenon. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that intrafollicular FSH plays an important role in the secretion of hyaluronic acid by granulosa cells and may act synergistically with E2 to enhance cytoplasmic maturation, resulting in successful fertilization.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Hyaluronic acid binding ability of human sperm reflects cellular maturity and fertilizing potential: selection of sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current concepts of sperm biochemical markers and the central role of the HspA2 chaperone protein, a measure of sperm cellular maturity and fertilizing potential, are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: Because HspA2 is a component of the synaptonemal complex, low HspA2 levels and increased frequency of chromosomal aneuploidies are related in diminished maturity sperm. We also suggest a relationship between HspA2 expression in elongating spermatids and events of late spermiogenesis, such as cytoplasmic extrusion and plasma membrane remodeling that aid the formation of the zona pellucida binding and hyaluronic acid binding sites. The presence of hyaluronic acid receptor on the plasma membrane of mature sperm, coupled with hyaluronic acid coated glass or plastic surfaces, facilitates testing of sperm function and selection of single mature sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The frequencies of sperm with chromosomal disomy are reduced approximately fourfold to fivefold in hyaluronic acid selected sperm compared with semen sperm, comparable to the increase in such abnormalities in intracytoplasmic sperm injection offspring. Hyaluronic acid binding also excludes immature sperm with cytoplasmic extrusion, persistent histones, and DNA chain breaks. SUMMARY: Hyaluronic acid mediated sperm selection is a novel technique that is comparable to sperm zona pellucida binding. Hyaluronic acid selected sperm will also alleviate the risks related to intracytoplasmic sperm injection fertilization with sperm of diminished maturity that currently cause worldwide concern.

Andrology↗

PubMed1991

[Hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase in influenza].

Hyaluronidase and hyaluronic acid activities are markedly changed in influenza, these changes directly depending on the severity of the inflammatory process that depends on the presence of bacterial complications in influenza. The authors' findings correlate with the literature data on the blood mucolytic system status in various infectious diseases. The results recommend measurements of hyaluronidase and hyaluronic acid activities as an additional test for the early diagnosis of influenza complications.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1984

Exogenous hyaluronidases and degradation of hyaluronic acid in the rabbit eye.

The infusion of two enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid--testicular hyaluronidase and Streptomyces hyaluronidase--was evaluated by quantitative aqueous perfusion of rabbit eyes and by analyses of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from the enzyme-treated eyes. The infusion of 1 and 10 units of Streptomyces hyaluronidase (SH) was considerably more effective than the infusion of 10 and 100 units of testicular hyaluronidase (TH) in reducing aqueous outflow resistance. As a result of the infusion of heat-inactivated enzymes, only a moderate decrease of hyaluronic acid in the aqueous outflow pathway was observed. There was no significant "wash-out" of other GAG material, ie, keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and hybrid dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate. The SH enzyme, tested by infusion and isolation of GAGs or by in vitro analyses of the rate and extent of degradation of GAGs, completely removed all hyaluronic acid and did not alter the other GAGs. In contrast, the TH enzyme was only partially effective in degrading susceptible GAGs. The results of these studies indicate that SH is more effective than TH in decreasing aqueous outflow resistance and that hyaluronic acid is an important GAG contributor to aqueous outflow resistance in the normal rabbit eye.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Hyaluronic acid for preventing experimental postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions.

Adhesions, which form in > 60% of patients following major abdominopelvic surgery, are a common cause of morbidity and infertility in women. Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that has been shown to be beneficial in ophthalmic surgery and as intraarticular injections. This study was designed to examine the use of hyaluronic acid as an agent for adhesion prevention after experimental abrasion of rat uterine horns and to explore its possible mechanism of action. Twenty-nine female Sabra rats were randomly assigned to either a saline (n = 13) or hyaluronic acid (n = 16) group. Adhesions were created by local abrasion of the uterine surfaces. Five milliliters of 1% hyaluronic acid or saline was instilled intraperitoneally. Three weeks later the animals were killed and subjected to a second laparotomy. Intraabdominal adhesions were graded on the basis of gross appearance using a scoring system from 0 to 5. The adhesion score in the animals treated with hyaluronic acid was significantly (P < .001) lower than that in the control animals. Hyaluronic acid did not affect the attachment or proliferation of fibroblasts but had an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal instillation of 1% hyaluronic acid significantly minimized adhesions formed experimentally. The mechanism of action may involve inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Value of hyaluronic acid in the prevention of contracture formation.

Joint stiffness secondary to immobilization was inhibited by intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection in an experimental joint contracture in rabbits. Biochemical and biomechanical parameters were used to evaluate the joint stiffness after nine weeks of immobilization. In all treatments, hyaluronic acid reduced the measured stiffness in the contracture by approximately 50% as compared to the contractures of the untreated rabbits. In addition, hyaluronic acid prevented the loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (as measured by hexosamine), which normally occurs in untreated contractures. The results are related to a working hypothesis that intra-articular injections of drugs such as hyaluronic acid (Healon-R) will stimulate hyaluronic acid synthesis within the matrices of periarticular connective tissue (PCT). If the spacing and lubricating properties of the glycosaminoglycans could be maintained in the stress-deprived state, the "centripetal collapse" of the fibrillar matrix could be avoided, anomalous cross-links could be minimized, and more normal joint mechanics could be retained.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Visualization of hyaluronic acid in the anterior segment of rabbit and monkey eyes.

Hyaluronic acid was visualized using a new histochemical technique: the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan was isolated, linked with biotin and used in histological sections as a ligand for hyaluronic acid. Staining was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the anterior segments of rabbit and monkey eyes was studied in fresh-frozen, as well as in fixed paraffin sections; addition of cetyl-pyridinium chloride to the fixative was essential. In both species intense staining was seen in the stroma of the conjunctiva, the connective tissue of the ciliary processes, and on the apical membranes of the corneal endothelium. Species differences were observed in both conventional and unconventional outflow pathways. In rabbits, the tissue located directly adjacent to the aqueous plexus and the connective tissue surrounding the poorly developed ciliary muscle were stained. In monkeys, only the anterior, non-filtering part of the trabecular meshwork and the outer wall of Schlemm's canal showed intense staining in paraffin sections. In frozen sections, the inner wall (cribriform region of the trabecular meshwork) was also stained. The spaces between the anterior part of the ciliary muscle bundles remained almost unstained.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Reduction of adhesion formation by postoperative administration of ionically cross-linked hyaluronic acid.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of various formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA), including HA ionically cross-linked with trivalent iron, in animal models of adhesion formation. DESIGN: Hyaluronic acid formulation of varying concentrations and cross-linked densities were prepared and evaluated in a rabbit uterine horn model and a rabbit sidewall model. SETTING: ETHICON, Inc., Somerville, New Jersey. SUBJECT(S): New Zealand White rabbits. INTERVENTION(S): Test formulations were applied as intraperitoneal instillates after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Adhesion formation was assessed at 7 and 14 days (sidewall and uterine horn model, respectively). RESULT(S): Hyaluronic acid that was not ionically cross-linked was ineffective in reducing adhesions in these models even at high viscosity, whereas the ionically cross-linked formulations of HA with trivalent iron were highly effective. Efficacy improved with increased levels of ionic cross-linking. Flowable gels, which could be delivered readily by syringe and cannula, also were effective when administered at a site remote from injury and with saline present. CONCLUSION(S): Whereas previous studies show that HA was effective in reducing adhesions peripheral to the site of injury, HA ionically cross-linked with trivalent iron was effective in reducing adhesions at all sites. From these studies, a formulation of HA ionically cross-linked with trivalent iron, 0.5% Ferric Hyaluronate Gel (LUBRICOAT; ETHICON, Inc., Somerville, NJ), was identified for subsequent clinical evaluations.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

The effects of hyaluronic acid on macrophage Fc receptor binding and phagocytosis are independent of the mode of depolymerization.

In order to determine whether exposure of hyaluronic acid to oxygen radicals caused an alteration in its properties, independent of the change in molecular weight induced, we examined its effect upon macrophage Fc receptor binding. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (Healon-Pharmacia) caused a dose dependent inhibition of binding between the concentrations of 0.2-1 mg/ml. At a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml both oxygen radical depolymerized and enzymatically degraded hyaluronic acid caused an inhibition of Fc receptor binding at molecular weights of 1 x 10(6), 1.5 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(6). Oxygen radical degraded hyaluronic acid caused a stimulation of Fc receptor binding at molecular weights of 2 x 10(5) and 3.5 x 10(5), and enzyme degraded hyaluronic acid causes stimulation at a molecular weight of 2.5 x 10(6). Thus this "biological property" of hyaluronic acid is dependent upon molecular weight solely and not upon the mode of depolymerization.

Azure Stains↗

PubMed1993

Serum hyaluronic acid in healthy infants and children and its value as a marker of progressive hepatobiliary disease starting in infancy.

We have established reference ranges for the concentrations of hyaluronic acid in serum from 397 infants and children and measured serum hyaluronic acid at presentation and 1 year follow-up in 37 infants who presented with hepatobiliary disease in the first 6 months of life. In health, hyaluronic acid concentrations fell progressively from median (10-90 percentile) values of 93 micrograms/l (49-153) at 1-3 months of age to 20 micrograms/l (9-40) at 2-3 years and 16 micrograms/l (6-32) at 4-18 years. In patients at presentation, the hyaluronic acid concentration was raised in 11 of 15 with biliary atresia, 6 of 11 with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and 6 of 11 with cryptogenic hepatitis of infancy. One year later, the 9 patients who developed progressive liver disease showed 2-6-fold increases in hyaluronic acid concentration while no increase was observed in the 28 with undetectable or mild disease. Increases in serum hyaluronic acid concentration appeared to be a better indicator of progressive liver disease in infancy than standard laboratory tests.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Studies in fetal wound healing: I. A factor in fetal serum that stimulates deposition of hyaluronic acid.

Fetal wound healing without scar formations, fibrosis, or contracture might be accompanied by major differences in the wound extracellular matrix. The matrix of fetal wounds is rich in hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan found in high concentrations whenever there is tissue proliferation, regeneration, and repair. Although hyaluronic acid is a critical molecule for both embryonic development and wound healing, no factor has yet been identified that modulates hyaluronic acid in a consistent manner. We describe here a substance present in fetal sheep serum that stimulates hyaluronic acid synthesis by cultured fibroblasts. This glycoprotein factor appears to be ubiquitous, present in fetal sheep and bovine serum, reaching a peak in each at 40% of the way through gestation. This factor is also present in amniotic fluid. It might control hyaluronic acid deposition. In turn, hyaluronic acid, by creating an extracellular environment permissive for cell motility and proliferation, might be critical for fetal development. We suggest that the same sequence of events underlie the unique properties observed in fetal wound healing.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Feasibility of chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid biomaterial for a novel scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering.

In this study, we hypothesized that hyaluronic acid could provide superior biological effects on the chondrocytes in a three-dimensional culture system. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the in vitro behavior of rabbit chondrocytes on a novel chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fiber. The goal of the current study was to show the superiority of this novel fiber as a scaffold biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. Chitosan polymer fibers (chitosan group) and chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fibers (HA 0.04% and HA 0.07% groups, chitosan coated with hyaluronic acid 0.04% and 0.07%, respectively) were originally developed by the wetspinning method. Articular chondrocytes were isolated from Japanese white rabbits and cultured in the sheets consisting of each polymer fiber. The effects of each polymer fiber on cell adhesivity, proliferation, morphological changes, and synthesis of the extracellular matrix were analyzed by quantitative a cell attachment test, DNA quantification, light and scanning electron microscopy, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis. Cell adhesivity, proliferation and the synthesis of aggrecan were significantly higher in the hybrid fiber (HA 0.04% and 0.07%) groups than in the chitosan group. On the cultured hybrid polymer materials, scanning electron microscopic observation showed that chondrocytes proliferated while maintaining their morphological phenotype and with a rich extracellular matrix synthesis around the cells. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-type II collagen antibody demonstrated rich production of the type II collagen in the pericellular matrix from the chondrocytes. The chitosan-based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fibers show great potential as a desirable biomaterial for cartilaginous tissue scaffolds.

Animals↗