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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Studies on hydrolysis of anti-HRV IgY and its oral passive immunity effect to human rotavirus].

In this paper, hens of fine breed were immunized with human rotavirus (HRV), and the anti-HRV IgY was isolated and purified from their eggs collected daily. In addition, the resistance of anti-HRV IgY to hydrolysis of gastric juice and proteases in human digestive tract, the safety of IgY and the effectiveness of IgY in clinical use were observed as well. The results showed that anti-HRV IgY has a fairly good resistance to gastroinstestinal proteases. The safety of using anti-HRV IgY was affirmed by oral administration to mice of a solution of IgY. In clinical test the IgY has been proved to be anti-HRV and, therefore, effective against infections of infant diarrhea induced by HRV.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Passive immunization against tumor necrosis factor inhibits interleukin-2-induced microvascular alterations and reduces toxicity.

BACKGROUND: Antineoplastic therapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been limited by dose-dependent systemic toxicities. Previous studies suggest that the hemodynamic instability and "vascular leak syndrome" that develop immediately after IL-2 administration occur secondary to neutrophil-mediated events in the microcirculation. Because IL-2 has limited direct effects on neutrophils and acutely induces the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), we hypothesized that the acute microvascular alterations and hemodynamic instability induced by IL-2 were mediated by TNF. METHODS: The cremaster muscles of anesthetized rats were prepared for intravital microscopy. All animals were injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin, and relative interstitial fluorescence was quantitated as an index of macromolecular leakage. Vital signs, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and interstitial fluorescence were quantitated every 30 minutes for 2 hours after intravenous injections of IL-2, TNF, and IL-2 with polyclonal antibody to TNF. RESULTS: Both IL-2 and TNF acutely induced hypotension, tachycardia, increased macromolecular leakage, and increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence. Polyclonal antibody to TNF effectively inhibited IL-2-induced leukocyte-endothelial adherence, macromolecular leakage, and hypotension. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the acute microvascular alterations and hypotension induced by IL-2 are mediated by TNF.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Active and passive immunization: 1991 status].

Contrary to the regular immunization schedule for children, the majority of immunization are done in adulthood in case of special risks only, such as old age, chronic illness or exposure. The protection against a variety of communicable diseases has to be monitored and if necessary to be boosted regularly. Based on the routine vaccination scheme 1991 of the Federal Department of Public Health, the following vaccinations which are commercially available in Switzerland are discussed in this review: diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae, hepatitis B, influenza, measles + mumps + rubella, meningococci, pertussis, pneumococci, poliomyelitis, tetanus, rabies, tuberculosis, varicella and tick encephalitis. Furthermore, the current recommendations are given for the prophylactic and therapeutic use of immunoglobuline preparations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Passive immunization for infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Haemophilus influenzae type b is the leading cause of meningitis in children younger than 5 years of age in the United States. The incidence of infection with H influenzae type b in certain populations, such as Apache and Navajo Indians and Alaskan Eskimos, is 10 to 20 times higher than in the general US population. Another important feature of H influenzae type b infections in these populations is that more than 80% of the cases occur during the first year of life, with 35% to 45% occurring during the first 6 months. One of the currently licensed vaccines that contains the capsular polysaccharide of the H influenzae type b organism is not reliably immunogenic in infants younger than 18 months of age. A number of new H influenzae type b vaccines prepared by covalently coupling the H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide with a protein carrier antigen are undergoing clinical evaluation. One of these conjugate vaccines was shown to be efficacious in preventing disease caused by H influenzae type b in Finnish infants when they were immunized at 3, 4, and 6 months of age. Unfortunately, in a recently concluded trial, the same vaccine was not found to be efficacious in preventing such disease in infants younger than 1 year of age among the Alaskan Eskimo population. We have evaluated an alternative approach for protecting high-risk infants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice by passive immunization and type specificity of this protection.

AKR mice were given sc injections of goat antiviral immune globulin from birth through 14 or 31 days of age. Although the shorter immunization schedule greatly reduced expression of spontaneous leukemia, the longer immunization period was required for essentially complete prevention of leukemia. Immune globulin with a high neutralization titer for ecotropic virus provided this protection, whereas antibody with a high neutralization titer for murine xenotropic virus did not.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Prevention of hepatitis B by passive immunization of children with chronic hematologic disease immunoglobulin].

In order to prevent the hepatitis virus B (HBV) infection, in 66 children aged from 6 months to 14 years with acute and chronic leukaemias, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, testicular tumours, and aplastic anaemia a specific immunoglobulin was used intravenously (Hepatect made by Biotest). Hepatect was given every month to children with proliferative diseases throughout the whole time of intensive chemotherapy, and to children with aplastic anaemias during the administration of antilymphocytic globulin, prednisone, and Anapoln. Fourteen children were excluded from the analysis due to lack of systematic follow-up. Among 52 studied children, in most cases considerable fluctuations were observed of antibody concentration, the maximal values of which were of 150 mIU/ml. In 35 children, with the exception of sporadic falls, the anti-HBs antibody level remained level was noted, in two cases the presence of antibodies was revealed only sporadically. One of these children was infected with HBV. In all, three children were infected (5.76% of all children in the studied group). Perhaps the use of higher doses of Hepatect and its more frequent administration in children showing low anti-HBs level after routine doses might reduce further the incidence of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Use of monoclonal antibodies to serotype-specific antigens of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in passive immunization.

The prophylactic value of mouse monoclonal antibodies to the pig pathogen Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was studied. Approximately 250 mg of purified mouse monoclonal antibody specific to capsular antigens of H pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was given IV to five 9-week-old pigs. Five additional pigs from the same litter served as controls. On the following day, all pigs were given a lethal dose (5 x 10(9)) of H pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 into the trachea. Four controls and 1 pig that was given antibodies died within 24 hours. The surviving 5 pigs developed typical signs of pleuropneumonia. After 6 days, the pigs were euthanatized and their respiratory tracts were examined for pathologic changes. All 5 pigs had pathologic changes, but they were less severe in the 4 pigs that had been given antibodies, compared with those in the control pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Dynamics of the contamination of mice during the treatment of burn sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa using tobramycin alone or combined with active and passive immunization].

An experimental study was made with a view to finding out the possible bacteriological advantages of the combined use of tobramycin (Tb) and P. aeruginosa corpuscular polyvalent vaccine (PaCPV) or P. aeruginosa hyperimmune plasma (PaHIP) in burn sepsis caused by P. aeruginosa. The use of the median therapeutic dose of Tb (2.5 mg/kg body weight per day), alone or in combination with immunopreparations, ensured the survival rate of the animals equal to 100%. The contamination of the body with P. aeruginosa after treatment with Tb and PaHIP or PaCPV was lower than after the administration of Tb alone, this phenomenon becoming manifest starting from day 5 of observation in the first case and from day 10 in the second case. The combined use of Tb and immunopreparations (PaCPV or PaHIP) in acute P. aeruginosa infection proved to be more effective than treatment with Tb alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Active and passive immunization of mice against larval Dirofilaria immitis.

The objective of this study was to determine if Dirofilaria immitis larvae would survive in diffusion chambers implanted in dogs and mice and secondly to determine if mice could be immunized against infection with D. immitis. Dirofilaria immitis third-stage larvae (L3) survived and grew in diffusion chambers implanted in dogs and mice for at least 3 wk. BALB/c mice, which were repeatedly infected with live L3, showed resistance to challenge infections. Dead L3, with or without adjuvants elicited no protective immunity. A correlation was found between the degree of immune protection seen in mice and antibody levels to soluble larval antigen but not to antibody levels to surface antigens. A monoclonal antibody was prepared that reacted with the surface of D. immitis and Onchocerca lienalis L3, but not to the surfaces of other stages and species of various filarial worms. When this antibody was administered to mice prior to challenge no significant reduction in larval survival was observed.

Animals↗