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PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the action of the sera of pregnant women and of trophoblastic beta 1-glycoprotein in a number of immunological tests].

The effects of blood sera of pregnant women in the I, II and III trimesters (SPWI, SPWII, SPWIII) were compared with those of purified preparations of trophoblastic beta 1-glycoproteid (TBG) on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced proliferative response of lymphocytes of the intact donors and on the production of a factor inhibiting the migration of leucocytes (FIM-L). SPWI and purified TBG preparations in doses corresponding to its level in SPWI were shown to produce similar effects. With the increase of TBG concentration, however, the inhibiting effect of its preparations on the proliferation of lymphocytes increased much more intensively than that of SPWII and SPWIII containing the same dose of this protein. The stimulating effect of TBG on the production of FIM-L increased with the dose as well while SPWII and SPWIII did not exert any effect on the migration of leucocytes. A suggestion is put forward that SPWII and SPWIII contain factors modifying the effect of TBG.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1996

Bombyx and Manduca prothoracicotropic hormones: an immunologic test for relatedness.

Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) controls the synthesis of ecdysteroids (molting hormones) by the insect prothoracic gland and thereby plays a critical role in insect growth, molting, and metamorphosis. PTTH has been purified, and cDNA clones obtained, from only one insect, the silkmoth Bombyx mon. Recently, a partial amino acid sequence was obtained for-a putative PTTH from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and the data suggested an unexpected homology to a vertebrate retinoid binding protein rather than to the Bombyx PTTH. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against the Bombyx PTTH was added to in vitro assays that assess the ability of partially purified Manduca PTTH to stimulate prothoracic gland ecdysteroid and protein synthesis. The results indicate that Bombyx and Manduca PTTHs are indeed members of the same protein family that have likely diverged in the PTTH receptor-binding region.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Immunological tests for LH and FSH in urine.

The addition of 100 g/l NaCl and 200 mg/l nitrofurantoin to 24-h urine samples destined for determination of LH and FSH with haemagglutination tests, proved to be an adequate preservative in comparison to chilling.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of an oligonucleotide probe and an immunological test for direct detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in stool samples.

A 33 basepair oligonucleotide probe, designed from the sequence of the Clostridium difficile toxin B gene, was evaluated for its ability to detect toxigenic Clostridium difficile directly in stool samples, without culture or DNA isolation. Two different labelling techniques were investigated: radiolabelling and digoxigenin-labelling. One hundred ninety-six stools were tested, with a good correlation (96%) obtained between the oligonucleotide probe and the gold standard, the cytotoxicity tissue culture assay. The sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 100%, respectively. In parallel, a new commercially available enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A in stool specimens was investigated. In 162 samples tested, a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 98% were obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Serodiagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infections in an endemic area of Burkina Faso: performance of several immunological tests with different parasite antigens.

The performance of indirect haemagglutination assays (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) were compared with 450 sera from a Schistosoma mansoni-endemic area in Burkina Faso. All participants in this survey provided at least one sample each of stool, urine and serum. From those with an egg-negative Kato-Katz thick smear, a second stool sample was examined. IHA was based on either extracts of adult S. mansoni worms (SmIHA) or S. japonicum egg antigen (SjIHA). For ELISA, three antigen preparations were used, namely: (i) soluble S. mansoni adult worm antigens (SWAP); (ii) soluble S. mansoni egg antigens (SEA); and (iii) a cationic exchange fraction of S. mansoni eggs (CEF6). IFAT was performed with S. mansoni male worm sections. Among the egg-excretors, the sensitivity of ELISA was high and egg antigens performed slightly better (SEA, 96%; CEF6, 97%) than worm antigen (94%). Sensitivity of IHA was satisfactory with homologous (Sm, >85%), but not heterologous (Sj, 56%) parasite antigen. In IFAT, the parenchyma-associated fluorescence showed high sensitivity (95%), but gut-associated fluorescence, which is known to be a sensitive diagnostic marker for schistosome-infected European travelers, was observed only in 76% of a sub-sample of 100 of the endemic sera. Among sera from egg-negative individuals, many gave positive reactions in several or all of the tests employed. These reactions (formally "false positive") are considered to represent true infections, since chemotherapy had not yet been delivered to this population. For the purpose of further surveys in Burkina Faso or other resource-poor settings, we suggest IHA as an accurate diagnostic test and propose to further improve its performance by including egg rather than worm antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Mutation analysis should be performed to rule out gammac deficiency in children with functional severe combined immune deficiency despite apparently normal immunologic tests.

To study the correlation between genotype and phenotype in x-linked SCID, we have characterized the presentation of 2 unrelated patients. Both had infections suggestive of immunodeficiency, but their immune function and lymphoid tissues were normal. They were found to have an identical R222C mutation in the gammac gene.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed2000

Synthesis of haptens and conjugates for ELISAs of phytoestrogens. Development of the immunological tests.

Seven carboxylic acid haptens of isoflavonoids were synthesized, with the spacer arm on the oxygen atom at the C7 position for one series, with formononetin, daidzein, equol, biochanin A, and genistein, and at the C8 position for a second series, with only formononetin and daidzein. The different haptens were coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to swine thyroglobulin (Thyr). Polyclonal antibodies were generated against the BSA conjugates. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed based on competition between free phytoestrogens and the Thyr-hapten conjugates for specific antibodies. IC(50) values of the standard curves ranged between 0.8 and 20 ng/mL that is, 0.3 and 9.2 pmol/well. The antibodies obtained should be useful for assays in vegetable matter as well as in biological fluids after a separation step. These ELISAs should be valuable also in the food industry to control phytoestrogen concentrations prior to and after processing.

Animals↗