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Results for “Inflammatory”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

A model of inflammatory arthritis highlights a role for oncostatin M in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced bone destruction via RANK/RANKL.

Oncostatin M is a pro-inflammatory cytokine previously shown to promote marked cartilage destruction both in vitro and in vivo when in combination with IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor alpha. However, the in vivo effects of these potent cytokine combinations on bone catabolism are unknown. Using adenoviral gene transfer, we have overexpressed oncostatin M in combination with either IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor alpha intra-articularly in the knees of C57BL/6 mice. Both of these combinations induced marked bone damage and markedly increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleate cell staining in the synovium and at the front of bone erosions. Furthermore, there was increased expression of RANK and its ligand RANKL in the inflammatory cells, in inflamed synovium and in articular cartilage of knee joints treated with the cytokine combinations compared with expression in joints treated with the cytokines alone or the control. This model of inflammatory arthritis demonstrates that, in vivo, oncostatin M in combination with either IL-1 or tumour necrosis factor alpha represents cytokine combinations that promote bone destruction. The model also provides further evidence that increased osteoclast-like, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive staining multinucleate cells and upregulation of RANK/RANKL in joint tissues are key factors in pathological bone destruction.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1999

[Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in acute inflammatory disease].

Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the generation of the inflammatory response leading to lung injury. The early response cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are produced by alveolar macrophages and induce the production of a variety of cytokines and chemokines by both macrophages and mesenchymal cells (including fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells). Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines and recruit leucocytes to the site of inflammation. Some cytokines are proinflammatory and others are antiinflammatory. It is the balance between them that determines the net effect of the inflammatory response. Some examples of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines are discussed, with consideration of their possible prognostic and therapeutic values.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory fibrosarcoma) of the pancreas: a case report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (inflammatory fibrosarcomas) of the pancreas are extremely rare. We report a 29-year-old woman who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for a 6-cm tumor of the pancreas head causing obstructive jaundice. Tumor involvement was local, without apparent metastasis. The tumor was composed of proliferating fibroblastic/or myofibroblast-like spindle cells and aggregates of chronic inflammatory cells in a fibromyxoid matrix. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated reactivity only to vimentin. This tumor has often been found in the peritoneal cavity, the retroperitoneum, or the pelvic cavity, but only very rarely in the pancreas.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inflammatory cell infiltrate and RANKL/OPG expression in rheumatoid synovium: comparison with other inflammatory arthropathies and correlation with outcome.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if the immunofluorescence analysis of synovial tissue (ST) using antibodies against RANKL/OPG, conjugated with the immunophenotyping of lymphocytes and macrophages, could be of diagnostic and prognostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: 3-year prospective study of 103 consecutive patients submitted to closed needle biopsy for diagnostic purposes. ST was analyzed with routine histologic techniques and immunofluorescence, using monoclonal antibodies against RANKL, OPG, CD163, CD68, CD4, CD8, interferon-gamma and CD19. Patients were prospectively evaluated with a clinical, laboratorial and radiological protocol. At the end of the follow-up patients were divided according to the final diagnosis. Results of the initial histologic evaluation were compared between the main diagnostic groups and in RA patients histologic data was correlated with clinical and radiologic outcome measures. RESULTS: The RANKL/OPG ratio and the inflammatory infiltrate were significatively higher in RA (n = 25) as compared to the same ratio observed in other inflammatory joint diseases (OIJD, n = 48) and in osteoarthritis (n = 17). The difference between RA and OIJD was specifically confirmed when the comparison involved spondyloarthropathy (n = 26). Final HAQ score and radiologic outcome were correlated with the density of intimal CD68+ macrophages. Radiologic progression was correlated with subintimal CD4+ lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages and intimal CD68 and CD163+ macrophages. CONCLUSION: The quantification of the RANKL/OPG ratio and of the number of lymphocytes in the ST might be useful to differentiate RA from other inflammatory joint diseases. The ST number of CD4+ lymphocytes and macrophages are probable predictors of radiologic progression in RA patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Cutaneous inflammatory pseudotumor. Lesions resembling "inflammatory pseudotumors" or "plasma cell granulomas" of extracutaneous sites.

This report describes four cases of a previously undocumented circumscribed idiopathic inflammatory fibrosclerotic lesion of the skin. The lesions occurred in two black women and two white men; they had been apparent from months to a year. The nodules were solitary; two were located on the arm, one on the calf, and one on the posterior neck. The clinical diagnoses included nodules, keratinous cyst, pilar tumor, pilomatricoma, vascular leiomyoma, dermatofibroma, and metastatic carcinoma. The lesions were grossly white, homogeneous, and circumscribed; one was located in the superficial subcutis and three in the reticular dermis. Histologically, they were sharply circumscribed and surrounded by a dense peripheral rim of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Peripheral germinal centers were noted in two cases. All cases had variable amounts of fibrosis centrally, giving them the low-power appearance of lymph nodes; however, no subcapsular or medullary sinuses were found. In the center of the lesions, the mononuclear infiltrate was accompanied by eosinophils and neutrophils. Virtually imperceptible vasculature was noted in portions of three lesions; in the fourth lesion, high endothelial venules were seen in the lymphoid portions, and "targetoid" perivascular sclerosis was seen in the central portions. There appears to be a transition from the early, mostly inflammatory, lesions to the sclerotic ones. The process seems to be reactive in nature. No obvious local or systemic etiology was found in our series, and follow-up of 2 to 5 years has been noncontributory. These mixed-cell proliferations resemble the extracutaneous masses that have been described in numerous viscera--particularly the lung--as "inflammatory pseudotumors" or "plasma cell granulomas." In our opinion, these lesions also bore a superficial resemblance to cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia secondary to insect bites. Other differential diagnostic considerations include dermatofibroma, nodular fasciitis, Kimura's disease, epithelioid (histiocytoid) hemangioma, and reactive lymph nodes.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Cesarean section and postoperative infectious-inflammatory complications. I. A new method for assessing the degree of risk of infectious-inflammatory complications].

After analysing the present practice and describing their experience in 111 caesarean sections, the authors present a new scoring test for evaluation of the degree of the risk from infectious inflammatory complications after caesarean section and implementation of selective antibiotic prophylaxis in accordance with the evaluation. An attempt is made to classify separate factors according to their significance for development of inflammatory complications during the post partial period. The results, schematized on table 1 and figure 1 in the article, illustrate the practical benefit from the test in the prophylaxis of infectious inflammatory complications after caesarean section.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1979

Studies of gallium accumulation in inflammatory lesions. IV. Kinetics of accumulation and role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the distribution of gallium in experimental inflammatory exudates.

The kinetics of 67Ga accumulation in experimental inflammatory exudates were studied. In six rabbits with S. aureus induced abscesses, serial samples of exudate and blood were obtained at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hrs after intravenous injection of 67Ga. The accumulation of 67Ga in the inflammatory exudate was slow with an accumulation half-time of 5.5 hrs. The concentration of 67Ga in the abscesses approached that of blood 48 hrs after injection. Analysis of the distribution of 67Ga in the inflammatory exudate revealed that the portion of 67Ga in the cellular fraction (1,600 xg pellet) correlated best with the number of non-viable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (r = 0.81). Its correlation with total number of PMN and bacteria was r = 0.69 and r = 0.35, respectively. Autoradiographic studies confirmed that the majority of 67Ga in the cellular fraction of the exudate was associated with non-viable PMN's.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of distal extremities with virocyte or Reed-Sternberg-like cells: a distinctive lesion with features simulating inflammatory conditions, Hodgkin's disease, and various sarcomas.

We report 51 cases of a previously undescribed tumor of the distal extremities that is often mistaken for an inflammatory or infectious process, Hodgkin's disease, or various sarcomas. These lesions developed in patients of all ages (range, 4-81 yr; median, 40 yr) and affected the sexes nearly equally (27 men, 24 women). They presented as a painless mass of the fingers (14 cases), hand (11 cases), wrist or arm (10 cases), toe or foot (8 cases), or lower leg (5 cases), usually within the subcutaneous tissues. Grossly, they were infiltrative, multinodular masses characterized by a dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate that merged with a stroma, which varied from densely hyaline to focally myxoid and contained sheets of short spindled to rounded epithelioid cells. Focally, the epithelioid cells were extremely large with bizarre, vesicular nuclei and macronucleoli resembling Reed-Sternberg cells or virocytes. Despite the level of atypia, mitotic activity was low. The tumor cells consistently expressed vimentin but lacked a variety of other mesenchymal, epithelial markers, e.g., S100 protein, desmin, actin, neuron-specific endolase, epithelial membrane antigen, HMB-45, CD34) and leukocyte markers (CD15, CD30, CD45). Keratin was noted focally and weakly in four cases and CD68 focally in six cases, the latter suggesting that the cells had acquired phagocytic properties. Immunostains for cytomegalovirus were negative. Polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus showed amplification levels consistent with latent infection in 4 of 10 cases, but no cases showed levels consistent with active infection. All of the bacterial and viral cultures were negative. Follow-up information was available in 27 cases. Recurrences developed in six patients (interval, 15 mo-10 yr), but there were no metastases or tumor-related deaths. In one patient, progressive proximal extension up the arm was noted. Although the most common submitting diagnosis was that of an inflammatory or infectious process, the negative studies for infectious agents, clinical behavior with local recurrences, immunophenotypic profile, and cytologic atypia support the idea that these are unusual mesenchymal neoplasms with at least the potential for local recurrence. It remains to be investigated whether with time these lesions will prove to have metastatic potential.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on post-operative renal function in adults.

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can play a major role in the management of acute pain in the peri-operative period. However, there are conflicting views on whether NSAIDs are associated with adverse renal effects. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review was to determine the effects of NSAIDs on post-operative renal function in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches for relevant randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials in Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE were performed. Attempts were also made to identify trials from citation lists of relevant trials, review articles and clinical practice guidelines. Hand-searching of conference abstracts published in major anaesthetic journals was also performed. SELECTION CRITERIA: The inclusion criteria were randomised or quasi-randomised comparisons of individual NSAIDs with either each other or placebo for treatment of post-operative pain, with relevant post-operative renal outcome measures, in adult surgical patients. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Of the 14 trials that fulfilled the selection criteria for this review, eight trials were relevant with sufficient data for meta-analysis. The data was extracted independently by two reviewers. The primary outcome measure was creatinine clearance within the first two days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included serum creatinine, urine volume, urinary sodium level, urinary potassium level, fractional excretion of sodium, fractional excretion of potassium, need for dialysis and need for diuretic or dopamine treatment for renal insufficiency. Weighted mean differences for continuous outcomes and relative risk for dichotomous outcomes were estimated. MAIN RESULTS: As a group, NSAIDs reduced creatinine clearance by 18ml/min (95%CI: 6 to 31) and potassium output by 38mmol/day (95%CI: 19 to 56) on the first day after surgery compared to placebo. Serum creatinine clearance increased on the second day after surgery by 15umol/L (95%CI: 2 to 28) compared to placebo. No significant reduction in urine volume during the early post-operative period was found. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine in the early post-operative period between patients receiving ketorolac and diclofenac in one trial. No cases of post-operative renal failure requiring dialysis were described. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: NSAIDs caused a clinically unimportant transient reduction in renal function in the early post-operative period. NSAIDs should not be withheld from adults with normal pre-operative renal function because of concerns about post-operative renal impairment.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Diffuse spinal and intercostal nerve involvement in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: MRI findings.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon demyelinating disorder with a relapsing and remitting or continuously progressive course. Hypertrophic nerve roots, sometimes associated with gadolinium enhancement, has been reported more commonly in lumbar spine and less commonly in the brachial plexus and cervical roots; however, diffuse involvement of intercostal nerves bilaterally has never been reported previously. We present MRI findings which include diffuse enlargement and mild enhancement of roots and extraforaminal segments of nerves in all segments except a short segment between T12-L2 as well as all the intercostal nerves in a case of CIPD with a 10-year history.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2006

Relapse of inflammatory bowel disease associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

To determine whether an association exists between relapse in inflammatory bowel disease and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), a retrospective records review was conducted of patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or indeterminate colitis examined at an outpatient tertiary care center between July 17, 2000, and November 1, 2001. Extracted data collected during the patient's last visit included medication use, maintenance therapy, disease activity, and smoking status. Use of NSAIDs was defined as a daily dose or more of any type the month before relapse. Of 60 patients (22, relapse; 38, remission), 9 (41%) in relapse and 10 (26%) in remission used NSAIDs. Maintenance therapy varied from 68% (relapse) to 92% (remission). The adjusted odds ratio between medication use and relapse was 6.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-34.38; P = .03). Use of NSAIDs was associated with relapse. A prospective cohort study that corrects for maintenance therapy is needed to evaluate this relationship.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Relative anti-inflammatory effect of oral dexamethasone-beta-D-glucoside and dexamethasone in experimental inflammatory bowel disease in guinea-pigs.

The relative anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone and a prodrug, dexamethasone-beta-D-glucoside, has been assessed in guinea-pigs with experimentally-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The glucoside prodrug is designed to reach the large intestine following oral administration. The active agent is liberated when the prodrug is hydrolysed by glycosidases of colonic bacteria. Guinea-pigs were administered degraded carrageenan in their drinking water to produce experimental IBD. Starting on day 15, dexamethasone (1.3 mumol kg-1) or dexamethasone-beta-D-glucoside (1.3 or 0.65 mumol kg-1) was administered by gastric intubation once daily for 5 days. Relative to control animals, the drug and prodrug treatments significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the total number of caecal ulcers. While there was no difference statistically between the drug and prodrug treatments, the data suggest that a lower dose of dexamethasone, administered as its glucoside prodrug, could reduce side-effects without reduced efficacy. These results support the hypothesis that localized delivery of dexamethasone to the large bowel can improve pharmacotherapy of IBD by reducing the side-effects associated with corticosteroids.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Anti-inflammatory constituents of topically applied crude drugs. V. Constituents and anti-inflammatory effect of Aoki, Aucuba japonica Thunb.

The Et2O-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of the leaves of Aucuba japonica Thunb. showed an anti-inflammatory effect when topically applied to rats. E-Phytol, phytone, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and friedelin were isolated as active anti-inflammatory components inhibiting carrageenin-induced paw edema. The most effective, E-phytol, inhibited histamine-induced paw edema more potently than the compound 48/80-induced edema, suggesting that the mechanism of action is due to inhibition of the H1 receptor.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2006

Exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: fact or fiction?

The existence of a possible link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been repeatedly suggested. Recently, a few studies have addressed the issue of a possible, similar effect by selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COXIBs). The present article reviews the available scientific evidence for this controversial subject.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

The role of inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory drugs in otitis media.

Despite multiple studies, the role of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of AOM and OME is unclear. Although the AHCPR was against the use of steroids in OME, other studies suggest a possible role with potential cost savings and a decrease in the need for surgery in some patients. But the risk-benefit ratio of steroid treatment is unclear. There is some evidence that NSAIDs may decrease otalgia associated with AOM, but no proof that NSAIDs reduce or prevent inflammatory changes in the middle ear associated with AOM and OME.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2005

A synthetic TLR4 antagonist has anti-inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

Current evidence indicates that the chronic inflammation observed in the intestines of patients with inflammatory bowel disease is due to an aberrant immune response to enteric flora. We have developed a lipid A-mimetic, CRX-526, which has antagonistic activity for TLR4 and can block the interaction of LPS with the immune system. CRX-526 can prevent the expression of proinflammatory genes stimulated by LPS in vitro. This antagonist activity of CRX-526 is directly related to its structure, particularly secondary fatty acyl chain length. In vivo, CRX-526 treatment blocks the ability of LPS to induce TNF-alpha release. Importantly, treatment with CRX-526 inhibits the development of moderate-to-severe disease in two mouse models of colonic inflammation: the dextran sodium sulfate model and multidrug resistance gene 1a-deficient mice. By blocking the interaction between enteric bacteria and the innate immune system, CRX-526 may be an effective therapeutic molecule for inflammatory bowel disease.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed2000

[Paracetamol. New knowledge about pharmaceutical action, analgesic relief and anti-inflammatory effects compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory effect].

Paracetamol is usually termed a peripheral analgesic from the common belief that its site of action is near the injury. In this review a possible central action is summarised. Furthermore the analgesic effect of paracetamol is compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the possible anti-inflammatory effect of paracetamol is discussed.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed2001

Anti-inflammatory peptides and proteins in inflammatory bowel disease.

Current therapy of inflammatory bowel disease, ie, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is neither sufficient nor disease-modifying. Long-term treatment with non-specific antiinflammatory drugs aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants is often accompanied with undesirable and potentially serious side effects. Novel biologically-driven therapies are targeted to specific pathophysiological processes, offering the potential for better treatment outcomes. Among other antiinflammatory peptides and proteins, monoclonal antibodies directed against TNFalpha and adhesion molecule alpha4beta7 integrin, recombinant anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-11, as well as colony-stimulating factors and peptide growth factors, are in the most advanced stages of clinical development for IBD.

Animals↗