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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Blockage of cochlear aqueduct for examination of perilymph (guinea pig) (author's transl)].

To prevent the perilymph (guinea pig) from contamination with CSF during the sampling the aqueductus cochleae (AC) was blocked by injection of tissue adhesive into the meningeal aperture. The control of an exact blockage of AC was carriedout by examination of perilymph-outflow after opening the cochlea (injection of fluorescein-Na into the CSF-space), analysis of perilymph-protein-concentration, macroscopic and microscopic examination of the temporal bones. In all cochleae we have found the same morphological structures, notwithstanding whether the AC was blocked (for a time from 30 min to 7 weeks) or not: The cochlear aqueduct is filled with a mesh of mesenchymal tissue, which grows more dense towards the cochlear aperture andcontinues into the round window membrane. From scala tympani the AC is always limited by one layer of cells forming a sort of membrane (under light microscope). It seems possible that CSF moves in the inner of the round window membrane between AC and subepithelian space of middle ear mucosa, whereas perilymph of scala tympani is not in direct contact with the flow of CSF. The scala tympanic side of the round window membrane may be a big area for diffusion and there also may be an exchange between CSF and perilymph. The outflow of CSF into the cochlea after experimental opening of the cochlea is an artifact, caused by damage of pressure equilibration between CSF-space and cochlea. 30 min and 5--7 weeks after blockage no morphologicaland electrophysiological alterations from those of the control ears were to be seen. The protein concentration, however, increased significantly 5--7 weeks after blockage from normally about 200 mg/100 ml toalmost the double especially in the scala tympani (see Table 1).

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Physiology and chemistry of cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor and endolymph in Squalus acanthias.

By means of the appropriate isotopes injected into the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, the transfer of all major ions into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), aqueous humor (A) and endolymph (E) was studied. In addition, the effect of raising pCO2 in sea-water upon HCO3- concentration of these fluids was measured. In the several types of experiments, acetazolamide or methazolamide was used to inhibit completely carbonic anhydrase. The rates of fluid formation and ion transfer in CSF and A were fairly close, but those for E were far slower. The general pattern of ion transport in the three fluids were the same, Na+ (or Na+ + K+ in E) entry greater than Cl - entry, and the difference was HCO3-. The greater rate constants for HCO3-, increase in its entry rate by elevation of pCO2, and inhibition of its appearance by the sulfonamides, show that this is a special case of transport; the ion is formed in secretory cells from gaseous CO2 + OH-. Secretory cells at sites of formation of all the fluids contain both carbonic anhydrase and Na+-K+-ATP-ase, which subserve HCO3- formation and Na+ (or K+) transport. Comparison of these results with studies in mammals show that the vertebrate pattern for secretion of these three fluids is well established in the elasmobranch.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

A map of cochlear perilymph protein based on high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis.

For systematic characterization of cochlear perilymphatic (PL) fluid proteins and to compare the complex protein mixtures of PL fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, we subjected eight postmortem PL fluid samples to two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis. To avoid contamination of perilymph by blood and blood plasma, the samples were taken immediately after death and analyzed by keeping to certain selection criteria. When compared with CSF, PL fluid in the scala vestibule was found to have an albumin content of approximately 1-2g/l, or 10 times the level of CSF albumin. Due to the small volume of the sample obtained, it was not possible to concentrate the PL fluid. As a result, protein spots in the 2D-gel could only be detected with a highly sensitive silver stain. Visual inspection of the resulting 2D-electrophoretograms showed that most of the "CSF-specific" protein clusters were present in the PL fluid pattern.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Perilymph fistulas.

A perilymph fistula is an abnormal communication between the fluids surrounding the membranous labyrinth and the middle ear space. Because of the potential hazards of meningitis, permanent hearing loss, and occasionally incapacitating vestibular symptoms, early recognition and prompt repair of the perilymph leak is important. One hundred thirty three cases of perilymph fistulas are presented, stressing the clinical characteristics, evaluation, and management of patients with this otologic entity. The historical and contemporary literature on this subject is reviewed. A pathophysiological basis for perilymph fistula formation is presented, based upon certain anatomic, physiologic and mechanical principles involving the temporal bone and surrounding structures. For the purpose of publication, the Materials and Methods and Evaluation sections of the paper have been omitted. These are available from the author upon request in mimeographed form. The interested reader may wish to refer to items 80 and 133 in the Bibliography, previous publications by the author in which the bulk of the data used in the omitted sections can be found.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗