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PubMed2004

[Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid-rich germinated brown rice on indexes of life-style related diseases].

We examined the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-rich germinated brown rice (germinated brown rice) on principal indexes of life-style related diseases in 67 volunteers aged 71 +/- 8. They were divided into two groups; germinated brown rice group, which had an equal amount of the germinated brown rice to polished rice for 11 to 13 months, and control group, which had polished rice alone for the same period. Differences of indexes before and after the examination between the two groups were compared. Significant increases in body fat ratio, hemoglobin A1c and mean red cell volume and a significant decrease in mean red cell hemoglobin concentration were observed in the germinated brown rice group. However, there was no difference of changes in body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipid, hepatic and renal functions, bone metabolic markers, bone density, depression score, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance between the two groups. These findings suggested that germinated brown rice might not improve glucose metabolism.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[The relation between life style, socioeconomic factors, social networks and suboptimal self-assessed health].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between these life-style factors and suboptimal self-reported health. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a random sample of 12,040 men and women from Copenhagen, who had answered a questionnaire regarding smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, socio-economic status, social network, and self-perceived health. RESULTS: Smoking, high alcohol intake, and physical inactivity are strongly associated with a suboptimal self-reported health. DISCUSSION: The assumption of a correlation between a high quality of life and a shorter life cannot be confirmed by this study.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Life style and level of health education in housewives from a neighborhood of Granada].

In the present study some aspects of the health education level and life style of the housewives of a district of Granada were evaluated. The sample was randomly selected between the dwellings in that area. The participation rate was 60%. The survey was carried out by personal and direct interview by a female interviewer. The mean educational level was lower than high school in 97.5%. Mean age was 47 years. 13.3% of them were smokers, and 21.7% drank alcohol regularly. Only 44.1% of those in child bearing age used some contraceptive method; intrauterine devices were not used by anyone of them. Maternal lactation showed an increasing trend with age, but without statistical significance. 28.3% of women were unaware of the services of early diagnosis of genital cancer, and a similar rate ignored the preventive self-examination of the breast. The major conclusions of the study were that the educational level is directly related with the performance of beneficial health habits, and that the activities directed to health education should be promoted in the target population.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

"Would I be able to ... "? Teaching clients to assess the availability of their community living life style preferences.

A three-phase program was developed to involve six institutionalized adults with mild mental retardation in their transition to community living. In Phase I, subjects were interviewed to determine their community living life style preferences and were found to be reliable and skillful in stating their preferences. In Phase II, the subjects' 10 strongest preferences were identified. In Phase III, they were taught to obtain preference availability information from group home representatives and report these findings to their social worker. A simultaneous replication design across two component skills, questioning and reporting, revealed that both increased after training and generalized to community group homes. The 5 subjects available for follow-up maintained their posttraining performance. Implications of these results in extending choice and decision-making technology were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

The role of demographic and life style variables in utilizing cognitive support for episodic remembering among very old adults.

This research investigated the influence of individual difference variables within demographic and life-style domains on episodic recall tasks in which the level of cognitive support increased incrementally. The community-based sample consisted of 253 healthy older adults taken from the Kungsholmen parish in Stockholm, Sweden. Utilizing hierarchical regression procedures, two questions were addressed with regard to the selected individual difference variables: (a) the degree to which they could predict episodic recall and (b) whether they differentially influenced the magnitude of performance gains from the provision of cognitive support in the form of study time, item organizability, and retrieval cues. The results showed that age was negatively related to performance, whereas education and participation in social activities exerted a positive influence on performance. Exercise was also positively related to performance, but only in the least supported tasks. With regard to utilization of cognitive support, education was positively related to performance benefits from more study time and item organizability, age was negatively related to the effect of item organizability, and social activity was positively associated with the ability to benefit from retrieval cues. These results highlight the role of individual difference measures in episodic memory functioning in late adulthood and indicate that these variables are important in predicting the extent to which older adults are able to utilize cognitive support to enhance episodic recall.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2000

[Program of community integration: search for new strategies and new life styles].

The Program of Community Integration of the Municipal Bureau of Health of the city of Ribeirão Preto aims at promoting health, directing its actions for the change of life styles. The purpose of this study is to look, in the light of the framework of Health Promotion and through declarations of users of the program, how it has been formed as an important strategy to increase the autonomy and emancipation of the population. The analysis reveals that the program has improved the autonomy and emancipation of the population, as an important instrument for life defence.

Brazil↗

PubMed1990

Problem drinking and obesity: a comparison in personality patterns and life-style.

Problem drinkers attending an outpatient alcoholism program and obese clients attending an outpatient weight program were compared with each other and with matched control groups on life-style characteristics and personality variables (Adjective Check List). While both treatment groups expressed high dissatisfaction with all aspects of their lives, relative to controls, problem drinkers experienced a greater variety of problems than weight clients. Problem drinkers and weight clients were both significantly differentiated from their respective control groups on 10 of 24 Adjective Check List scales. Moreover, the two treatment groups showed substantial similarity in overall personality profiles. Both groups indicated characteristics of impulsivity, dependency, and self-abasement. Problem drinkers uniquely showed high drive and unconventionality, whereas weight clients uniquely showed submissiveness and low ambition.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

It is not what you eat, but how you eat it digestion, life-style, nutrition.

Each year, over 30 million Americans suffer from acute or chronic digestive dysfunction. Much of this dysfunction is associated with occupational and behavioral stresses, which, although not life threatening, cause absenteeism and claim considerable health services. Central nervous system gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones partly control the quantity and quality of food eaten and its digestion. Because digestion is modified by occupational stress and behavior patterns, including smoking and consumption of alcohol and coffee, the physiological status of the individual plays a major role in the absorption of luminal nutrients. Whereas a Western, versus vegetarian, diet has been associated with an increase in coronary heart disease and diet-related cancers, inadequate attention has been given to the effects of life-style and occupation. This review is concerned with the adverse environmental effects on digestion that act via changes in GI function. To reduce the incidence of digestive dysfunction and diet-related diseases, more attention must be given to environmental factors other than diet, which affects the absorption of nutrients.

Diet↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Japan--significance of life-styles.

A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease was conducted in Japan; it involved 60 cases matched for sex and age with two resident controls each. Life-style was particularly highlighted in this study. Among many factors, 5 were accepted as significant risk factors: psychosocial inactivity, physical inactivity, head injury, loss of teeth and low education. A multiple logistic model was applied in order to evaluate synergism of major factors. Compared with those who have none of the factors, those who have all were 934.5 times more liable to develop Alzheimer's disease. Risk factors are not only useful for etiological studies but they give clues to identify high-risk individuals, and by eliminating these factors, the studies may also be applicable in the primary and the secondary prevention of this tragic disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The anti-tumor activity of pineal melatonin and cancer enhancing life styles in industrialized societies.

This review discusses the potential role of the anti-tumor activity of pineal melatonin for the aetiology and prevention of cancers related to life-styles in industrialized societies, e.g. frequent long-distance flights as well as chronic night shift work leading to circadian disturbances of neuroendocrine parameters including melatonin. Experimental studies show that melatonin controls not only the growth of well-differentiated cancers, but also possesses anti-carcinogenic properties. Therefore, it is plausible that disturbances of circadian melatonin rhythmicity could be functionally involved in elevated cancer risks among aircrew members and nurses frequently working on night shifts. Due to the suppression of melatonin by light it can be assumed that too much artificial light at night could, at least in part, be responsible for generally increasing rates of e.g. breast cancer in industrialized countries. It is discussed under which conditions a transient substitutional therapy with melatonin could be justified or which forms of living could help to physiologically foster melatonin secretion to optimise control over cancerous growth and development.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Analysis of menstrual, reproductive, and life-style factors for breast cancer risk in Turkish women: a case-control study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between menstrual, reproductive, and life-style factors and breast cancer in Turkish women. In a hospital-based case-control study in Ankara, 622 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer were compared with 622 age-matched controls, admitted to the same hospital for acute and non-neoplastic diseases. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) related to risk factors. Overall, menopausal status and age at menopause were found to be significantly associated with breast cancer. Having a full-term pregnancy and early age at first birth were associated with decreased breast cancer risk (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.30-0.66; OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.22-0.53, respectively). Postmenopausal women with lactation longer than 48 mo had reduced risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.14-0.93). In conclusion, decreased parity, late age at first birth, early menopause, and shorter duration of lactation were the most important determinants of breast cancer risk in Turkish women.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2004

Malaria infection and life-style factors among hilltribes along the Thai-Myanmar border area, northern Thailand.

A cross sectional study was conducted between January, 2001 and June, 2002 to determine the life-style factors associated with malaria infection among hilltribes in the Chiang Rai Province, Mae Fah Luang district located along the Thai-Myanmar border, northern Thailand. The data collected were a thick blood film examination and a face-to-face interview using a local language interviewer at a mobile clinic or a home visit. The chi-square test, odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and multiple logistic regression were used as data analysis. P. vivax (61.3%) was detected more than P falciparum (38.2%). Parasitic infection was seen in 45.8% of a total of 417 blood examinations. The study area was in a valley covered with forests and small streams, which was ideal for a malaria epidemic. The communities were distributed along different ethnic groups. There were 12 ethnic groups, dominated by the Muser, Eko, and Akha tribes (60-70%). The risk factors included living or working in the forest, accompanying their family during movement through the forest, age < or =14 years (40.9%), poor knowledge of how to protect against malaria (75-80%), and unavailability of protection against malaria via long sleeved clothes, topical repellents, and insecticide treated nets (use and carry), which resulted in an increased exposure to malaria and risk for malaria infection.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of children as biomarkers of environmental exposure and life style.

The original purpose of our study was to determine if the detection of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of children might be used as a biomarker of environmental pollution and life style. We compared the results of cytogenetic analyses performed in children and adolescents in the periods 1984-1993 and 1994-1999, in a total of 3402 subjects. The frequency of aberrant cells (AB.C.) markedly decreased in the period 1994-1999 compared with the period 1984-1993. The decreases in AB.C. were significant in the age groups 7-15 and 16-19 years: 1.63% AB.C. versus 1.14% AB.C. and 2.02% AB.C. versus 1.08% AB.C., respectively (P<0.01). No difference in the frequency of AB.C. was observed in newborns. Based on our experience, we believe that monitoring the spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations in children over 5 year periods may be used to examine the general changes in environmental pollution in larger geographic areas.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Coping, life-style changes, health perceptions, and martial adjustment in middle-aged women and men with cardiovascular disease and their spouses.

This descriptive study was designed to compare the coping responses, life-style changes, health perceptions, and current marital adjustment in 11 middle-aged women (CD women) with those of 37 men (CD men) who had been diagnosed as having cardiovascular disease. A secondary purpose was to compare their spouses' responses on these same measures. Participants were comparable on demographic and illness characteristics. CD women differed from CD men for the three coping responses of distancing, accepting responsibility, and planful problem-solving; for the total health perceptions scale; and for the current health and resistance to illness subscales. The CD women and CD men differed from their partners in total health perceptions, current health, and resistance to illness. CD women and their husbands were more dissimilar in their coping responses than were CD men and their wives. Age and pre-illness satisfaction were significant predictor variables for the coping strategies of distancing and accepting responsibility.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

DNA oxidative damage and strand breaks in young healthy individuals: a gender difference and the role of life style factors.

The aim of this study was to analyze background levels of DNA damage in young (19-31 years) non-smoking individuals and to correlate damage to gender and life style. DNA single strand breaks (SSB) and alkali labile sites (ALS) were measured in 99 subjects living in Stockholm, Sweden. Further, oxidative DNA damage was analyzed using the DNA repair glycosylase FPG as well as HPLC-ECD for specific analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). We found that males had higher (P < 0.001) levels of SSB + ALS than females, but no difference was seen for oxidative lesions. There was no correlation between FPG sites and 8-oxodG. For females, there was a positive correlation between FPG levels and body mass index and a negative correlation between SSB + ALS and fruit intake. We conclude that the background level of oxidative DNA damage, analyzed with improved methods, is low and that gender, fruit intake and BMI can affect DNA damage.

8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗

PubMed1996

Impact of medical and life-style factors on number of teeth in 68-year-old men in southern Sweden.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of general health and life-style factors on the number of remaining teeth in 68-year-old men living in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The study included 483 men (participation rate, 78%). Poor self-assessed health, frequent medical attendance, diabetes, and oral dryness were related to fewer remaining teeth. Number of teeth was negatively correlated to concentrations of triglycerides and alkaline phosphatases in serum and to glucose in blood but positively correlated to serum urea. Various dietary variables including consumption of sucrose-containing products and nutritional quality were not related either to number of teeth or to prevalence of edentulousness. Smoking and high consumption of coffee or alcohol were associated with fewer remaining teeth. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that social class, frequency of dental attendance, smoking, and serum concentrations of triglycerides and urea had an independent effect on number of teeth.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Life-style in occupational cancer.

Data derived from the census report of 1970-1972 concerning occupational mortality in England and Wales have been analyzed in the light of particular hazards in work and life-style. For all cancer deaths there is a gradient rising from the highest social class to the lowest. Considering deaths among 25 occupational orders and the expected numbers for each order, it can be calculated that social class accounts for about 88% of the variation in cancer mortality.

Humans↗

PubMed2000

Preventive health care for older women: life-style recommendations and new directions.

One of the key paradoxes in gerontology is that, despite a higher longevity, aging women experience worse health and longer disability than men. However, there is growing evidence that changes in life-style, medical interventions and systematic screening for certain diseases may substantially reduce the excess risk of major chronic conditions and disability in aging women, and therefore improve the quality of their late life. The potentials and public health implications of prevention in older women have been recently emphasized, not only by the scientific literature, but also by the media. More and more women are turning to their primary care physicians or other health professionals to seek counselling and help on how to reduce the burden of chronic disease and disability in old age by quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and coping with stress. Hormone replacement therapy also has a central role in this action of prevention. To maximize compliance, women should be provided a few guidelines that are easy to understand, and can be followed without interfering too much with their daily life activities. This article reviews the current literature on prevention in older women to select preventive strategies that are based on robust scientific evidence. This list of guidelines should be considered as a starting point for all those who are in charge of caring for middle-aged and older women.

Aged↗