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PubMed1995

Educational technology transfer in newly independent states: developing a medical multimedia laboratory in Lithuania.

This paper discusses the development of an interactive multimedia computer laboratory within the Vilnius University Medical Faculty involving transfer of hardware and courseware developed in the USA. The contexts in which the laboratory was developed are described and factors helping and hindering successful technology transfer are identified. The future of the laboratory and its potential role in international distance education and information access are discussed. While this paper does not focus on international distance education in the traditional sense of offering courses or training from one or more source institutions to individuals off-site, it has implications for providing education internationally, especially in the Baltic and other newly independent states of the former USSR.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed2006

Disease-specific health-related quality of life and its determinants in liver cirrhosis patients in Lithuania.

AIM: To evaluate disease-specific quality of life (QOL) in liver cirrhosis patients and to compare it with those of a healthy population. Also an important objective was to assess whether QOL in liver cirrhosis patients differs by age and gender, by type and severity of disease. METHODS: The case group of 131 liver cirrhosis patients was selected. The control group of 262 was enrolled from a healthy population according to the scheme of case-control study. Clinical, demographic, laboratory data were collected. QOL was measured with a specific chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ), which was translated and validated in Lithuanian. QOL scores were compared between groups by age, gender, type and severity of disease. Cronbach's alpha statistics calculation was used for evaluation of internal consistency reliability. Student's t test or ANOVA were used for evaluation hypothesis about probability equation. RESULTS: QOL was significantly lower in liver cirrhosis patients than in healthy population (59.5 +/- 18.3 vs 85.3 +/- 12.3, P < 0.001). The significant QOL differences between case and control groups were observed in domains of worry and abdominal symptoms, the smaller differences-in emotional functions and systematic symptom domains. Significantly worse QOL was in observed patients with increased clinical severity of the disease measured by Child-Pugh class. Age, gender and etiology of disease had an insignificant effect on QOL in cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSION: QOL was significantly impaired in all CLDQ domains in liver cirrhosis patients. Increase in severity of disease was the major factor associated with poorer QOL.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of strategic treatments with invermectin on parasitism of set-stocked calves exposed to natural trichostrongyle infection in Lithuania.

The effect of strategic treatments with ivermectin in first-season calves exposed to trichostrongyle nematodes on naturally contaminated pasture was studied. Twenty first season heifer calves were divided into 2 groups, according to live weight, and on 22nd May each group was turned out onto a 1 hectare pasture. Group A (Plot A) was treated with ivermectin at weeks 3, 8 and 13 after turn out, while group B (Plot B) served as an untreated control group. The study showed that control calves exhibited increase in trichostrongyle egg counts in August, while treated calves were excreting low numbers of trichostrongyle eggs. Pasture larval counts on Plot B (control animals) were low during the first part of the grazing season, followed by a steep rise towards the end of July. In contrast, the numbers of infective larvae recovered from Plot A remained low throughout the season. Both groups showed comparable weight gains from May up to the middle of July. However, from then on, Group B (controls) had lower weight gains than ivermectin treated Group A. From the end of July onwards, most untreated calves (Group B) showed clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis. It can be concluded that the strategical ivermectin treatments were successful, and faecal egg counts, pepsinogen levels and herbage larval counts clearly demonstrated that this was accomplished through suppression of pasture contamination with nematode eggs and subsequent reduction of pasture infectivity.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Do maternal social factors, health behavior and work conditions during pregnancy increase the risk of low birth weight in Lithuania?].

UNLABELLED: The objective of the paper was to evaluate the importance of maternal social factors, health behavior (smoking, alcohol drinking and drug abuse) and working conditions on incidence of low birth weight (LBW). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Statistical analysis was performed utilizing database of Medical Birth Registry for the years 1995-1998 using the indicators of maternal social factors, health behavior and working conditions. Statistical analysis was carried out using statistical package SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: During 1995-1998 the incidence of LBW (< 2500 g) was 3.6 per cent. Young (< 20 years) and older (> or = 35 years) maternal age, low (primary or basic) education and "lone mother" status (single, divorced or widowed) increased the risk of delivering LBW baby. The odds ratio of smoking mothers to deliver LBW baby was 3.3. Odds ratios of LBW newborns associated with alcohol drinking and drug abuse were 10.3 and 6.1 respectively. The odds ratio of mothers physically abused during pregnancy to deliver LBW baby was 2.7. However, the harmful working conditions were not associated with the higher odds of LBW. Young and older age was attributable for 22.2 and 49.3 per cent LBW cases in the exposed group respectively. While attributable fraction in exposed due to the low educational level and unfavourable marital status accounted to 38.9 and 52.9 per cent LBW cases respectively. Smoking was attributable for 68 per cent LBW cases, alcohol drinking--87.2 per cent, drug abuse--80.5 per cent LBW cases among exposed mothers. Preventable population attributable risk for unfavourable marital status was 11.7 per cent, low education--9 per cent, smoking--8 per cent, older age--6.9 per cent. Drug abuse and hard manual work had minimal association while harmful working conditions were not associated with higher risk to deliver the LBW baby in the total population. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal health behavior peculiarities and hard manual work are related to newborns' birth weight, and medical professionals should encourage quitting the hazardous habits and regulation of workload for expectant mothers. Adverse social factors contribute to the higher incidence of LBW. The solution of social problems should become the priority of State health policy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The 150th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Jonas Basanavicius: a great Humanitarian and a great Physician, faithful servant of Aesculapius and Lithuania].

On the occasion of the 150th birth anniversary of Doctor Jonas Basanavicius (1851-1927), the most significant figure of the national renaissance of Lithuanians at the end of 19th century, the focus is laid once more on the academic heritage of this distinguished personality. Jonas Basanavicius interests embraced a wide spectrum of academic fields, and his doctor's achievements were relevant for people in medical profession. Dr. Jonas Basanavicius is well known for his contribution to medicine. He is considered the founder of sanitation science in Bulgaria, the promoter of public health, the originator of Lithuanian medical terminology, the author of scientific and educational works "Materials on Sanitation Ethnography in Bulgaria. Lomskijat District (1880-1889)" ("Materiali za sanitarnata etnografija na Bulgarija. Lomskijat okrug (1880-1889)") published in 1891, "Materials for Our National Medicine" ("Medega mūsu tautiskai vaistininkystai") published in 1898, and articles.

Bulgaria↗