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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Radiation sterilization of prototype military foods. II. Cured ham.

Ten lots of diced cured ham, packed in cans, were inoculated with approximately 10(6)Clostridium botulinum spores per can. Each lot was seeded with a different strain (five type A and five type B strains). All cans were irradiated to various dose levels with Co(60). Evidence provided by swelling, toxicity, and recoverable C. botulinum with 6,350 cans demonstrated that: (i) 4.5 Mrad was more than adequate as a sterilization dose; (ii) the minimal experimental sterilizing dose (ESD) based on nonswollen nontoxic endpoints was 2.0 < ESD </= 2.5 Mrad, and based on non-spoiled sterile cans was 3.0 < ESD </= 3.5 Mrad (the latter was supported by the computed theoretical 12D dose); (iii) D values calculated from botulinal survival data indicated that, as a group, the type A strains were more radioresistant than type B strains; strains 12885A and 41B, with respective D values of 0.242 and 0.175, represented the most resistant of each type; (iv) swollen cans did not always contain toxin, nor were toxic cans always swollen; (v) viable C. botulinum can exist for 6 months at 30 C without producing visible or toxic spoilage at doses of 3.0 Mrad and lower, including, in some instances, 0.0 Mrad; and (vi) a phenomenon similar to heat activation of spores occurred at sublethal radiation doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

William Gilbert.

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Astronomy↗
PubMed2001

Combat casualties in the first decade of the 21st century--new and emerging weapon systems.

This paper reviews new and emerging weapons systems targeted directly or indirectly against personnel. It distinguishes emerging technologies that may form the basis of usable weapons in the next 10 years, from the speculations and aspirations of weapons designers, and identifies six groups of weapons systems which will present significant new or changing threats to UK forces. The article combines this information with knowledge of biophysical interactions and clinical effects, to identify possible consequences for the DMS in terms of types, patterns and numbers of casualties. Ballistic threats will continue to be the most common casualty-producing mechanism for servicemen in any environment.

Equipment Design↗