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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Postsynaptic mechanism of depression of GABAergic synapses by oxytocin in the supraoptic nucleus of immature rat.

1. Oxytocin is known to act on autoreceptors of oxytocin neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). We investigated whether oxytocin modulates putative oxytocin neurones by suppressing the GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic inputs on these cells. 2. GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were recorded from SON neurones in hypothalamic slices from young rats. Oxytocin specifically reduced the amplitude of both spontaneous and evoked IPSCs, without altering their current kinetics. 3. The effect of oxytocin was observed in 70% of the magnocellular neurones recorded from the dorsomedial part of the SON. d(CH2)5OVT, a specific antagonist of oxytocin receptors, blocked the effect of oxytocin on the IPSCs. Vasopressin had no effect on oxytocin-sensitive SON neurones. 4. The intervals between spontaneous IPSCs were not affected by oxytocin. This suggested that oxytocin had a postsynaptic effect on SON neurones. 5. This postsynaptic origin was further substantiated by application of TTX, which blocked all evoked release but did not prevent the suppressive effect of oxytocin on the amplitude of the spontaneous IPSCs still present in the recording. The selective effect of oxytocin on IPSC amplitude was also maintained in nominally zero extracellular calcium. 6. Intracellular perfusion of SON neurones with GTP gamma S mimicked the effect of oxytocin on IPSCs, while GDP beta S, similarly applied, abolished the effect of oxytocin. 7. Application of calcium mobilizers such as thapsigargin and caffeine also reduced the amplitude of spontaneous IPSCs without significantly altering the frequency at which IPSCs occurred. 8. Thus, oxytocin depresses GABAergic synapses in the SON via modulation of the postsynaptic GABAA receptors. This would lead to disinhibition of SON neurones sensitive to oxytocin and could, therefore, be a powerful means of controlling the firing of oxytocin neurones.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2000

Efficacy of a new hemostatic device, Adapty , after transradial coronary angiography and intervention.

A novel hemostatic device, Adapty (Medikit, Tokyo, Japan), was developed to achieve effective and comfortable hemostasis following transradial procedures. The device consists of a pad fixed to a transparent plastic plate and a self-adhesive strap. The catheter sheath is removed from the radial artery after the pad has been positioned precisely over the puncture site, with the strap attached to the plate. Compression pressure then is adjusted with the self-adhesive strap, as is required with occlusive clamps. Patients do not need to maintain hyperextension of the wrist after the procedure. The wrist can be mobilized immediately after application. The efficacy of Adapty was evaluated in prospective observations of 200 patients. The device was successfully applied in all patients immediately after sheath removal. No patient required interruption of compression because of pain, congestion or ischemia. Complete hemostasis was obtained in 199 patients (99.5%), and the device caused no vascular complications. This study demonstrates that Adapty is highly effective for achieving hemostasis after transradial procedures.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Fractures of the olecranon: a 15- to 25-year followup of 73 patients.

The incidence of olecranon fractures in adults and the long-term outcome of closed olecranon fractures in 45 women and 28 men (mean age, 54 and 36 years at the time of fracture, respectively), were examined at a mean of 19 years after the fracture. The uninjured elbows served as controls. Thirteen percent of the original fractures were displaced less than 2 mm, 65% more than 2 mm, and 22% were multifragmental. Primary treatment consisted of mobilization in 4%, application of a plaster cast in 12%, and open reduction and internal fixation in 84% of the elbows. The incidence of an isolated fracture of the olecranon in individuals older than 16 years was 1.15 per 10,000 person-years. Eighty-four percent of the 73 patients had no complaints at followup, 12% had occasional pain, and 4% had daily pain. Ninety-six percent had an excellent or good outcome. Elbow flexion and extension were reduced but most patients had no or only occasional subjective complaints. Radiographic signs of degenerative changes were found in more than 50% of the formerly fractured elbows, which was more than in the uninjured (11%). Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were found in 6% of the formerly fractured elbows versus zero percent in the uninjured, of which only two patients had a poor outcome. Isolated, closed fractures of the olecranon in adults have a favorable, long-term outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

National Pharmaceutical Stockpile drill analysis using XML data collection on wireless Java phones.

This study describes an informatics effort to track subjects through a National Pharmaceutical Stockpile (NPS) distribution drill. The drill took place in Seattle on 1/24/2002. Washington and the State Department of Health are among the first in the nation to stage a NPS drill testing the distribution of medications to mock patients, thereby testing the treatment capacity of the plan given a post-anthrax exposure scenario. The goal of the Public Health Informatics Group at the University of Washington (www.phig.washington.edu) was to use informatics approaches to monitor subject numbers and elapsed time. This study compares accuracy of time measurements using a mobile phone Java application to traditional paper recording in a live drill of the NPS. Pearson correlation = 1.0 in 2 of 3 stations. Differences in last station measurements can be explained by delay in recording of the exit time. We discuss development of the application itself and lessons learned. (MeSH Bioterrorism, Informatics, Public Health)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2001

[Preparation and evaluation of amide-octyl-bonded phase for the separation of basic substances in reversed-phase liquid chromatography].

A new bonded-phase, amide-octyl-bonded phase (AOBP), with an internal polar functional group-amide was firstly prepared in domestic by two-step reaction process. The amino phase was formed in the first step and further modified in the second step by attaching an alkyl chain via reaction of an acid chloride with the amino ligand. Characterization of prepared packing was carried out with elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Hydrophobicity, selectivity and silanophilic activity of AOBP were evaluated by using organic components including acidic, bascic and neutral analytes and methanol-water as binary mobile phase. The applicable ranges of pH and stability of AOBP were also evaluated. The results showed that AOBP has excellent chromatographic properties and resistance to hydrolysis between pH = 2.5-7.5, It can be used for the separation of basic solutes efficiently.

1-Octanol↗

PubMed1992

Functional homogeneity of the non-mitochondrial Ca2+ pool in intact mouse lacrimal acinar cells.

In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, treatment of mouse lacrimal acinar cells with maximal concentrations of methacholine released Ca2+ from intracellular stores. No additional Ca2+ was mobilized by subsequent application of the intracellular Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin, the stable inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ((1,4,5)IP3) analog, inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate ((2,4,5)IP3) (by microinjection), or the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin. However, following prolonged activation of cells by methacholine in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, Ca2+ accumulated into a pool which was released by ionomycin but not by thapsigargin. This latter accumulation was blocked by prior microinjection of ruthenium red, indicating that it represents mitochondrial uptake. In saponin-permeabilized lacrimal cells, two Ca(2+)-sequestering pools were detected: (i) a ruthenium red-sensitive, thapsigargin-insensitive pool, presumed to be the mitochondria; and (ii) a ruthenium red-insensitive, thapsigargin-sensitive pool. Only the thapsigargin-sensitive pool accumulated Ca2+ at concentrations similar to those in unstimulated cells. The thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ pool was sensitive to (1,4,5)IP3; however, in contrast to findings in intact cells, only 44% of this pool was releasable by (1,4,5)IP3 or (2,4,5)IP3. These data indicate that, in intact lacrimal acinar cells, all exchangeable (ionomycin-sensitive) Ca2+ residues in a pool which responds homogeneously to agonists, (1,4,5)IP3, and thapsigargin. Prolonged elevation of [Ca2+]i results in Ca2+ accumulation into a second, ruthenium red-sensitive pool, presumably mitochondria. Finally, permeabilization of the cells fragments the non-mitochondrial pool, resulting in two pools, one sensitive and one insensitive to (1,4,5)IP3.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Wireless body area networks for healthcare: the MobiHealth project.

The forthcoming wide availability of high bandwidth public wireless networks will give rise to new mobile health care services. Towards this direction the MobiHealth project has developed and trialed a highly customisable vital signals' monitoring system based on a Body Area Network (BAN) and an m-health service platform utilizing next generation public wireless networks. The developed system allows the incorporation of diverse medical sensors via wireless connections, and the live transmission of the measured vital signals over public wireless networks to healthcare providers. Nine trials with different health care cases and patient groups in four different European countries have been conducted to test and verify the system, the service and the network infrastructure for its suitability and the restrictions it imposes to mobile health care applications.

Biomedical Technology↗

PubMed2004

Mobile patient monitoring: the MobiHealth system.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1982

[Surgical treatment of acquired massive loss of substance of the roof of the mouth].

Surgical treatment of post-traumatic major loss of substance of the palate is reviewed, injuries in the series studied resulting from projectiles. The extensive loss of substance excludes the use of a mucous reservoir and skin grafts have to be employed. Free micro-anastomotic flaps represent a marked progress, as rapid results can be obtained, but these are not always totally effective. Pedicular flaps may have to be used, either of regional origin (cheek, neck, forehead, pectoral region) or from other zones (abdomen, internal surface of the arm). This allows effective, durable obturation of the palatine breach, and the application of the mobilized tissue to associated lesions that, because of the etiology, are almost always present.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Children's femoral fractures: the Edinburgh experience.

Femoral fracture is a relatively common cause of trauma admission to the paediatric surgical services in Edinburgh. Our current policy is to use gallows traction for babies and infants under 2 years and external Liston splintage with straight leg balanced skin traction for older children followed by either early mobilization or the application of a hip spica or cast brace. We reviewed the use of this management protocol over a 10-year period (323 cases) in order to assess its value and complications. A prospective study was made of 143-patients between 5 and 10 years after their fracture to assess residual disability. We found our management protocol to be a simple, highly reliable method of treatment with a minimum of complications or long-term disability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome.

Recurrent symptoms of CTS have been shown to occur in 0% to 19% of patients following CTR, with up to 12% requiring re-exploration. Common causes of recurrent CTS are incomplete release of the TCL, fibrous proliferation, or recurrent tenosynovitis. The prognosis for re-exploration is fair; improvement can be achieved in many cases, but prognosis is not as favorable as in primary CTR. The most predictable improvement seems to be in patients with CTS caused by granulomatous infections, in which proper surgery and medical therapy can usually result in a satisfactory outcome. For the heavily scarred carpal tunnel with fibrous proliferation, many operative options are available. These procedures include external nerve lysis and mobilization, followed by application of local muscle flaps, fat grafts, or vein wrapping. There appear to be higher recurrence rates and poorer outcomes in patients with occupation-related CTS.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Genetic differences between endotoxin-sensitive and resistant C3H mice. Intraperitoneal cell response to lipopolysaccharide and prostaglandins.

The 2 related mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C3/Han differe in their response to endotoxin. C3H/HeJ mice are endotoxin-resistant, C3H/Han mice are - like all other mice - endotoxin-sesinsitive. The uptake of fluorescent intraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide was similar in both mouse strains. The intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide produced a higher mobilization of neutrophil granulocytes in resistant C3H/HeJ mice than in C3H/Han mice. An opposite pattern of mobilization of neutrophil granulocytes could be observed after injection of the prostaglandins E 1, E 2, and F 1 alpha: which both mouse strains were compared, a normal mobilization was observed in C3H/Han mice. C3H/HeJ mice showed a markedly decreased mobilization. If the difference between the 2 strains resides in a single gene locus itis to be assumed that lipopolysaccharide resistance is controlled by the same gene which also effects an impaired response to neutrophil mobilization after prostaglandin application.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Anomalous mobility of sulfitolysed proteins in SDS-PAGE. Analysis and applications.

Some cysteine-containing proteins upon sulfitolysis have been found to show anomalously retarded SDS-PAGE mobilities in non-reducing gels. These proteins include bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, aldolase, ribonuclease and a recombinant fusion protein (XA) consisting of a portion of gamma-interferon linked to the A chain of human insulin. This mobility shift has been employed to determine the stability of the sulfonated products and to study the kinetics of the sulfitolysis reaction. Partially sulfonated products of intermediate shifts were observed at 0.01% beta-ME, while 0.05% beta-ME gave a shift characteristic of the completely reduced protein. The undiluted sulfitolysis reagent reacted with XA to give within 1 min a gel shift characteristic of the fully sulfitolysed protein. Its transition stages could be visualized at 15, 30 and 60 min when the reagent was diluted four-fold. In the presence of 8 M urea, the sulfitolysis of BSA was nearly complete at 30 min when the sulfitolysis reagent was used at a dilution of 1:5. However, under the same conditions BSA was predominantly unsulfitolysed in the absence of urea. In order to elucidate the mechanism of sulfonation shift, several derivatives of XA, e.g. performic acid oxidized, alkylated with (a) iodoacetamide and (b) iodoacetate, have been prepared. While the mobility of XASSO3- was sensitive to the presence of beta-ME, all other derivatives moved in a beta-ME-insensitive fashion. Furthermore, while the nonreducing mobilities of the acidic derivatives (-SSO3-, -SO3- and -SCH2CO2-) were anomalously retarded and identical, the mobility of the iodoacetamide derivative was intermediate between the retarded acidic derivatives above and XA below. These studies have suggested a role of the extended conformation of the A chain of insulin in causing a mobility shift of the acidic derivatives in this series. Similar results were observed in an analogous series of derivatives prepared from BSA. Non-denaturing gel filtration analyses of native vs. sulfitolysed samples of serum albumin, ovalbumin and ribonuclease have indicated that the sulfitolysed proteins elute earlier than their native counterparts and appear to be significantly larger than their true molecular weights. Circular dichroism analysis has indicated significant loss in helicity of sulfitolysed BSA. This suggests that the retarded mobility of sulfitolysed proteins seen on SDS-PAGE is likely to be due to an expansion in the hydrodynamic volumes of these proteins, a phenomenon triggered by cleavage of disulfide bonds and further accentuated by the introduction of strongly negatively charged sulfonates.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Standardized provocation of lumbar spine mobility: three methods compared by radiostereometric analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: By radiostereometric analysis (RSA), the intervertebral mobility was measured for the 3 most distal lumbar disc levels in 12 patients at 3 types of standardized provocation: changing body position from supine to standing, supine to standing with load, and supine to sitting. OBJECTIVE: To study the validity and intervertebral mobility response to 3 types of standardized provocation of the lower lumbar spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Active flexion-extension is used in clinical practice to detect pathologic kinematics in the lumbar spine. However, the actual mobility response is affected by variations in pain level and muscular spasm. Standardizing the examinations reduces these confounding factors, and brings the possibility to study intervertebral mobility over time and between individuals. A standardized method using traction-compression was introduced earlier but questioned due to the insufficient mobility provided. METHODS: After percutaneous application of tantalum indicators for RSA, the intervertebral mobility was measured for the 3 most distal lumbar disc levels in 12 adult patients with low back pain and disc degenerative disease. Each patient was examined in 4 separate positions: supine, normal standing, standing with sandbags (total weight 20 kg) on the shoulders, and sitting. The translatory movements induced by the patient changing position from supine to the other 3 positions were measured and the mobility response compared for the 3 types of provocation. RESULTS: The sagittal mobility induced by the sitting provocation was significantly higher than both the other types of provocation on all the 3 spinal levels measured. The same result was seen for the vertical translations except for the L3-L4 level, where the standing with load provocation was equal to sitting. Transverse translations were small and did not differ for the 3 types of provocation. CONCLUSION: The intervertebral mobility response provided in the lumbar spine when changing position from supine to sitting is more pronounced than both to standing and to standing with a 20 kg load. By the supine to sitting provocation, mean lumbar mobility is increased, and mobility can be revealed in some cases being stable in the other 2 situations. Combined with RSA, the method brings a refined possibility for studying lumbar spine kinematics.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Teeth mobility measurement: a laser vibrometry approach.

OBJECTIVE: This work presents a new technique based on the assessment of the mobility degree through the application of dynamic loads and the measurement of the tooth displacement with a laser Doppler vibrometer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Measurements of the mobility degree have been made, up to now, by the application of static loads and the measurement of the consequent displacement. The results obtained with the measurement technique proposed by Muhlemann (1967) have been validated by O'Leary et al. (1964) and by Persson and Sweson (1980). This approach, however, has not been clinically disseminated both because of the high cost of the equipment and, above all, because of the difficulty in performing the measurements. METHODS: The ratio between the maximum of the tooth displacement and the input force peak has been considered as the mobility degree index. Dynamic loads have been applied and measured on teeth, with a small hammer and a load cell. The consequent displacement of tooth has been measured with a Laser Doppler vibrometer that allows easy to use and versatile noncontact measurements with high accuracy and sensitivity (< 0.1 mm/sec). RESULTS: An introductory in vitro study has been carried out on real teeth extracted and mounted on structures with different-stiffness silicone cast (stiffness of the support is one of the parameters responsible for teeth mobility), in order to evaluate the technique. An in vivo study has also been carried out on different teeth of a healthy patient. It is possible to observe the agreement between the O'Leary results and ones obtained in this work. The practicality of the procedure has also been demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Good correspondence between data available in literature and results obtained has been demonstrated. The use of the technique here proposed could allow having a deeper knowledge of the behavior of the periodontal teeth system: the tooth mobility under dynamic loads. With this new technique, it will be possible to quickly measure a pathological mobility of the tooth, before it becomes evident and problematic.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recent advances in the estimation of population exposure to mobile source pollutants.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed several computer-based exposure models applicable to pollutants which are directly or indirectly linked to mobile sources. Probabilistic versions of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Exposure Model (pNEM) have been used to estimate the exposures of urban populations to carbon monoxide and ozone. An enhanced version of the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM-MS) has been used to develop city-specific estimates of exposure to benzene and other volatile organic compounds emitted by mobile sources. These models are similar in that each contains algorithms that simulate microenvironmental pollutant levels, time/activity patterns, and commuting patterns. The pNEM models also provide estimates of equivalent ventilation rate (EVR), defined as ventilation rate divided by body surface area. This paper summarizes the methods and results of selected research projects conducted since 1991 with the goal of improving pNEM, HAPEM-MS, and similar exposure models applicable to mobile source pollutants. The studies include: (1) the development of an improved algorithm for estimating EVR, (2) a field study to measure ozone levels near roadways and inside vehicles, (3) the development of an algorithm for estimating school commuting patterns, and (4) the construction of a comprehensive database containing time/activity data from ten activity diary studies.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Electrophoretic mobility of membrane fragments on a sucrose gradient. Application to isolated purple membrane fragments from Halobacterium halobium.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bacteriorhodopsins↗

PubMed1986

Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 6-N,N,N-trimethyllysine in plasma and urine: biomedical application of chromatographic figures of merit and amine mobile phase modifiers.

An internally standardized method for the determination of 6-N,N,N-trimethyllysine in human plasma, human urine, rat plasma, rat urine and hydrolyzed rat urine is described. This methylated amino acid and the procedural internal standard 6-N,N,N-trimethyllysine were isolated from the sample matrices using short ion-exchange columns and detected following high-performance liquid chromatography using a postcolumn reaction (o-phthalic-dicarboxaldehyde-2-mercaptoethanol) and fluorometric detection. The reliable detection limit for 6-N,N,N-trimethyllysine was 0.2 nmol/ml in 200 microliters of human plasma. The chromatographic separation exploits the unique properties of a novel tertiary amine mobile phase modifier, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1,2-propanediol. The capacity factor and "Chromatographic Figures of Merit" (including peak asymmetry and relative system efficiency) were calculated for the chromatographic peak representing 6-N,N,N-trimethyllysine in over 2200 injections made while evaluating 900 biological specimens.

Animals↗